This class is for computerized data processing systems and
corresponding methods for the retrieval of records stored in a database
or as computer files.
This class includes computerized systems for organizing and
indexing of records and files in a manner that facilitate the retrieval
of the records and files.
This class also includes computerized data processing means
or steps for organizing and inter-relating data files (e.g., relational, object-oriented, hierarchical, entity-relational
models, and data management systems categorized as data
warehouses.).
This class also includes computerized data processing means
or steps for maintaining, archiving, backing-up, recovering, versioning, naming
and maintaining integrity of files, records, directories
and databases.
Subclasses 707/600-831 were established
as a result of the reclassification of 707/1-206
in January 2010. Documents from abolished subclasses 707/1-206
are in the process of being reclassified. Documents from
707/1-206 have been temporarily transferred to
cross-reference art collections (XRACs) 707/999.001-999.206, pending completion
of the reclassification of all documents in the abolished subclasses.
Until completion of the reclassification work the XRAC 707/999.001-999.206 should
also be considered.
RELATIONSHIP WITH OTHER CLASSES
(1)
Note. This class is directed to computerized database
and file accessing and retrieval, such as hierarchical, bit-mapped
and flat indexing, hashing, categorizing, and
labeling. Accessing and control of a memory, per
se, is classified elsewhere. Restricting access
to a system, per se, is also classified elsewhere. And, prevention
or detection of malicious attacks on a system is also classified
elsewhere. See the search class notes in References to
Other Classes, below.
(2)
Note. The combination of details of database technology
with the business data processing is classified in the business
art. See search class notes in References to Other Classes, below.
(3)
Note. The combination of details of database technology
with a nominal recitation of the subject matter of another class
is classified herein. A particular field of use of database
technology in combination with the basic subject matter of another
class to affect some end other than information accessing or retrieval
is classified with the subject matter of the other class, unless
specifically excluded therefrom. See the search class notes
in References to Other Classes, below.
(4)
Note. This class is directed to generic methods and
apparatus for accessing and retrieving data housed in either databases
or files. The generic steps to access and retrieve an object
from an object-oriented database may be properly classified
herein; however, objects themselves for an application
other than database accessing and retrieving data, such
as, for example an operator interface object, an
icon object capable of instantiating a process, or a simulation
system physical structure object are classified elsewhere. See
the search class notes in References to Other Classes, below.
(5)
Note. This class area is directed to generic methods
and apparatus for accessing and retrieving data from either databases
or files. Nominal recitation of an environment or database
application in combination with details of accessing and retrieving
data, or information, is proper for this class. Details of
a design environment in combination with generic or nominal database
methods are classified with the environment. Examples of
such "environments" include a computer aided design (CAD) and
analysis tool "environments", a software
development tool "environment", an image processing "environment", a
desktop or other operator interface "environment" may
rely on accessing and retrieving information or routines from libraries
while working in the "environment". The "environments" themselves
are classified elsewhere in the data processing arts. See
the search class notes in References to Other Classes, below.
(6)
Note. The combination of a database accessing method
and query generation method with a particular operator interface feature
may be found in these subclasses. However, this
class accepts only nominal recitations to operator interfaces, icons, or metaphors
used in access of files and databases. Operator interface
based file management tools, menus, metaphors, or objects
with significant operator interface features are classified elsewhere. Operator interfaces, per
se, are classified elsewhere. See the search class
notes in References to Other Classes, below.
(7)
Note. Classification of data structures herein typically
requires a combination of a data structure and an access or retrieval method; or, an
apparatus for employing, or storing the data structure.
(8)
Note. This class is directed to means and steps for
handling of generic files and databases only in computers and digital
data processing systems. File content and database content
authoring, generating, producing, and
editing in information processing applications art areas, such
as, for example, business data processing, machine
translation, graphics processing, simulation, animation
and software development, is classified elsewhere.
(9)
Note. This class is directed to management and maintenance
of files and databases in computers and digital data processing
systems. This class accepts computerized database and file
accessing and retrieval, and data structures within single
memories and across multiple memories. Memory accessing
and control and memory management, per se, is
classified elsewhere.
(10)
Note. Formatting and file allocation in memory systems, such
as direct access storage systems, is generally found in
the art area directed to the storage system device.
(11)
Note. This class includes operations for transforming
and filtering data, data structures and schema in databases
and file systems. Cryptographic transformations on data
for the purpose (a) concealing or obscuring intelligible
information by transforming such information so as to make the information
unintelligible to a casual or unauthorized recipient, or (b) extracting intelligible
information from such a concealed representation, including
breaking of unknown codes and messages is classified elsewhere.
(12)
Note. This class includes operations for backing
up, archiving and recovering databases and file systems. Processes
or apparatus for detecting and recovering from faults in electrical
computers (e.g., state recovery in
a multiprocessor arrangement, recovery using a backup processor) and
digital data processing systems are classified elsewhere.
(13)
Note. Data mining operations comprise aggregating
and analyzing data to discover relationships and dependencies (knowledge discovery).
Related detailed methods for implementing rule bases, inferences, data mining
algorithms, regression analysis, and mathematical
techniques are also found in Class 706.
(14)
Note. Document Management System and Workflow comprises
maintaining integrity of the document itself and facilitating access
to the document at all stages of the workflow.
(15)
Note. Combinations of methods and apparatus of this
class with nominal recitation of artificial intelligence methods
and apparatus are properly classifiable as an original in this class.
More than nominal recitation of artificial intelligence processing
in combination with the subject matter of this class requires careful
consideration of the artificial intelligence art of class 706. See
the line notes in class 706 for more details of artificial intelligence
subject matter covered in class 706. Also, see
the See or Search Class notes below.
(16)
Note. Database aspects of social networking may
be classified in class 707. Related classes to consider
for aspects of social networking include classes 705, 706, 709, 715. For
example the artificial intelligence methods for discovering relationships amongst
static or dynamic data, depending on claims, may
require consideration of either, or both of classes 706
and 707. For example, class 707 provides for
clustering but classifiers per se that use artificial intelligence
methods are in class 706. In further combination with
business related transactions class 705 must be considered.
Registers, various subclasses for basic machines and associated
indicating mechanisms for ascertaining the number of movements of
various devices and machines, plus machines made from these
basic machines alone (e.g., cash
registers, voting machines), and in combination
with various perfecting features, such as printers and
recording means. In addition, search Class 235
for various data bearing record controlled systems.
Computer Graphics Processing and Selective Visual
Display Systems,
subclasses 418 through 475for computer graphics processing, and
subclasses 1.1 through 111 for visual display systems with
selective electrical control including display memory organization
and structure for storing image data and manipulating image data
between a display memory and display device.
Telephonic Communications, various subclasses for two-way electrical
communication of intelligible audio information of arbitrary content
over a link including an electrical conductor.
Cryptography, various subclasses for password generations, breaking
of a secret code or cipher, devices to encrypt and decrypt
the password, code, or cipher.
Image Analysis, various subclasses for operations performed on image
data with the aim of measuring a characteristic of an image, detecting
variations, detecting structures, or transforming
the image data, and for procedures for analyzing and categorizing
patterns present in image data.
Data Processing: Generic Control Systems
or Specific Applications,
subclasses 1 through 89for data processing generic control systems, and
subclasses 90 through 306 for applications of computers in various
environments including CAD.
Data Processing: Speech Signal Processing, Linguistics, Language
Translation, and Audio Compression/Decompression,
subclasses 1 through 10for linguistics, dictionaries and natural
language processing.
Electrical Computers: Arithmetic Processing and
Calculating,
subclasses 1 through 9for hybrid computers, subclasses 100 through
714 for calculators, digital signal processing and arithmetical
processing, per se, and subclasses 800 through
854 for electric analog computers.
Electrical Computers and Digital Processing Systems: Memory, for garbage collection, per se, in addition,
subclasses 1 through 6for addressing particular memory configurations and
systems, subclasses 100 through 173 for memory accessing
and control, per se, (in particular subclasses
113 for disk caching, subclasses 117 through 146 for hierarchical memory, per
se, (including caching), subclasses
147 through 153 for shared memory accessing and control, subclasses
154 through 166 for memory control, maintenance and management
techniques (including subclasses 161 and 162 for archiving
and backup under memory accessing and subclasses 163 and 164 for
memory access limiting), and subclasses 170 through
173 for memory configuring and allocation), and
subclasses 200 through 221 for address formation processing, particularly
subclass 216 for address hashing.
Electrical Computers and Digital Processing Systems: Support, appropriate subclasses for system access control
and multiple computer communication in combination with cryptography, and
synchronizing clocks.
Error Detection/Correction and Fault
Detection/Correction,
subclasses 1 through 57, and 100 for data processing system error
or fault handling including state recovery.
Data Processing: Presentation Processing
of Document, Operator Interface Processing, and Screen
Saver Display Processing,
subclasses 200 through 277for document processing performed by a computer
for presentation including annotation and document editing, and subclasses
700 through 866 for operator interface processing.
Information Security,
subclass 1 for policy, subclasses 2 through 21 for
access control and authentication, subclasses 22 through
25 for monitoring or scanning of software or data including attack
prevention, subclasses 26 through 33 for prevention of
unauthorized use of data including prevention of piracy, privacy violations
or unauthorized data modification.
SECTION III - GLOSSARY
ACTIVE
Active is used in the definition to distinguish between LIVE. An
active database is online and can receive updates but is not being
used by users, per se, for responding to queries.
BINARY LARGE OBJECTS (BLOBs)
An object for storing a large amount of binary data within
a database management system. BLOBs are often used to store
media or multimedia data. Because of its size, it
is sometimes stored external to a database management system, with
the DBMS storing only references to the BLOB. See also
LOBs.
BITMAP
Data structure or file organizational format storing
bits in a spatial map.
COMPUTER
A machine that inputs data, processes data, stores
data, and outputs data.
CONCEPT-RELATION-CONCEPT (CRC) TRIPLES
A logical structure for storing data representative of real-world
knowledge through the use of objects or concepts (stored
as nodes), and relationships between them (stored
as links between the nodes). When combined, they
can form large semantic networks, or ontologies. See
also Ontology, Semantic Network and Taxonomy.
DATA
Representation of information in a coded manner suitable
for communication, interpretation, or processing.
DATABASE
A collection of data arranged for ease of storage, retrieval, updating, searching
and sorting by computerized means. Storage and organization
of data, examples of a database include relational model
based, hierarchical, or object oriented.
DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (DBMS)
A suite of software that is designed to manage the organization, storage
and retrieval of data within a database.
DATABASE TRIGGER
Trigger is procedural code that is automatically executed
in response to certain events on a particular table in a database
DATA MART
Small logical units (subsets) of the
larger data warehouse, they typically provide specific
access points to portions of the warehouse.
DATA STRUCTURE
A physical or logical relationship among a set of data elements
designed to support specific data manipulation functions in a computerized
data processing system.
DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING SYSTEM
An arrangement of processor(s) in combination
with either memory or peripherals, or both, performing
data processing.
EXTENSIBLE MARKUP LANGUAGE (XML)
A markup language that allows a user to create custom annotations (tags) and
to define those custom annotations for use in indicating the structure, formatting, or display
instructions for a given section of text or data. It is
commonly used as an intermediate format for transferring data between
applications.
FEATURE
A character, word or phrase that is part of
a search query used in search ranking.
FILE
A named collection of data.
FILTER
A technique or program for removing unrequested or specifically
identified data from results thereby controlling data output.
INDEX
An organized structure used for improving the speed for which
data can be accessed.
JOURNAL (SEE ALSO LOG)
A historical record of transactions and activities related to
the database or file system.
LARGE OBJECTS (LOBs)
An object for storing a large amount of data within a database
management system. Because of its size, it is sometimes
stored external to a database management system, with the
DBMS storing only references to the LOB. See also BLOBs.
LIVE
Live is used in the definitions to distinguish between Active. A
live database is online, is responding to transactions (e.g., it
is receiving updates) and can be in use by users, for
example, is responsive to queries.
LOG (SEE ALSO JOURNAL)
A historical record of transactions and activities related to
the database or file system.
MARKUP LANGUAGE
A language in which a set of annotations, or
tags, are embedded within text. The annotations
are designed to indicate the structure, formatting, or
display instructions for a given section of text or data. Common
examples of a Markup Language are HTML, SGML and XML. See also
Extensible Markup Language and Semi-Structured Data.
MATERIALIZED VIEW
A cached representation (typically as a table) of
query results which may be updated from the original database tables
from time to time to promote efficient access and reduction in query
execution time
MEMORY
A functional unit to which data can be stored and from which
data can be retrieved.
METADATA
Data about data, typical examples include author
of document, date, timestamp..
ONLINE ANALYTICAL PROCESSING (OLAP)
Software tool that provides fast analysis and reporting typically
used in the data processing of data warehouse data, called
data mining.
ONTOLOGY
A formal representation of a set of objects or concepts and
the relationships between those objects or concepts, within
a specific domain. Also included could be collections and
attributes. In essence, an ontology is a model of
the specified domain, in as much or little detail as desired. See
also Concept-Relation-Concept Triples, Semantic
Network and Taxonomy.
PARSING
An operation that breaks up a data structure or query
to smaller parts that still have value to facilitate storage or processing.
PROCESSING
Methods or apparatus performing systematic operations upon
data or information exemplified by functions such as data or information
transferring, merging, sorting, and calculating (i.e., arithmetic
operations or logical operations).
(1)
Note. In this class, the glossary term data
is used to modify processing in the term data processing; whereas
the term digital data processing system refers to a machine performing
data processing.
(2)
Note. In an effort to avoid redundant constructions, in
this class, where appropriate, the term address
data processing is used in place of address data processing.
QUERY
A request for data, typically used in database
management systems to find data.
SCHEMA
The specification and plan followed within the database to
arrange and store data.
SEARCH STRING
A sequence of features submitted as part of unstructured request.
SEMANTIC NETWORK
A directed or undirected network which represents the semantic
relationships between concepts. The nodes of the graph
represent concepts, and the links between nodes represent
relationships between concepts. See also Concept-Relation-Concept
Triples, Ontology and Taxonomy.
SEMI-STRUCTURED DATA
A collection of data which is formatted in a way that reflects
the structural relationships between the elements of data.
Sometimes the data is stored in a form that includes schema information
within the data. Markup Languages, and in particular
XML are examples of semi-structured data. See
also Markup Language and Extensible Markup Language.
STRUCTURED DATA
A collection of data stored in a form that can be readily translated
to a database. The most common form of structured data
is Common separated values (CSV).
TAXONOMY
An organization of objects or concepts to support the classification
of the objects or concepts. The objects or concepts are
normally related to each other through hierarchical relationships. See
also Concept-Relation-Concept Triples, Ontology
and Semantic Network.
UNSTRUCTURED DATA
A collection of data stored in a form that does not readily
translate to a database. The most common form of unstructured
data is text documents.
WAREHOUSE
A tailored repository holding large amounts of data generated
by integration of various sources of data in a single consistent
architecture to facilitate and support analysis, reporting, and
decision operations.
DATA WAREHOUSE, DATA MART, ONLINE ANALYTICAL
PROCESSING (OLAP), DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEMS:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter relating to database architectures that extract
data from live transaction-oriented database management
systems in order to create new database systems in which data can
be analyzed regardless of the data s original source.
(1)
Note. OLAP systems include relational (ROLAP), multidimensional (MOLAP), and
hybrid (HOLAP) systems.
(2)
Note. Transaction-oriented applications are
those applications which process commercial transactions in real-time, typically
including such industries as banking, airlines, mail-order
and on-line sales, supermarkets and manufacturing.
This subclass is indented under subclass 600. Subject matter relating to mechanisms for specifying the
structure of how the data is to be stored, particularly
through the utilization of a graphical user interface.
Data Processing: Presentation Processing
of Document, Operator Interface Processing, and
Screen Saver Display Processing,
subclasses 700 through 867for user interface layout, design, and
presentation.
This subclass is indented under subclass 600. Subject matter relating to facilities for retrieving, cleaning, preparing, converting, migrating, integrating, and/or
storing data into the data warehouse.
for changing the format of a data structure, or
data objects, using various methods such as a translation, mapping, or
altering with the purpose of facilitating further processing of the
data structure or data object.
This subclass is indented under subclass 600. Subject matter including means to present information (reporting/KD
systems) resulted from extracting, analyzing or
manipulating large data sets or complex databases.
This subclass is indented under subclass 600. Subject matter wherein the data is stored into a corresponding
database having fewer tables but more columns in each table.
(1)
Note. Some columns will contain redundant information.
Data Processing: Artificial Intelligence,
subclass 12 , 14, and 45-61 for knowledge
discovery (KD) systems focused on algorithm details, such
as data mining, data fusion, natural language
processing (NLP), and machine learning.
This subclass is indented under subclass 604. Subject matter relating to a star schema is utilized in
the organization of its tables into a star shape, with
a single centralized fact table connected to any number of dimensions
which are denormalized and represented by single dimension tables.
This subclass is indented under subclass 604. Subject matter relating to a snowflake schema is utilized
in the organization of its tables into a snowflake shape with a
centralized fact table connected to multiple dimensions which are normalized
into multiple related dimension tables.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter relating to a class of programs that facilitate
and manage transaction-oriented applications so that the
systems are updated in real-time, current and
online using a normalized schema, typically used for data entry
and retrieval transactions in a number of industries.
(1)
Note. This subclass is directed to storage and organization
of data to support such applications with nominal recitation of business
related operations and/or data. Business oriented
operations and/or data (e.g. inventory
management, forecasting, accounting, and
finance) is classified in Class 705.
(2)
Note. Transaction-oriented applications are
those applications which process commercial transactions in real-time, typically
including such industries as banking, airlines, mail-order
and on-line sales, supermarkets and manufacturing.
Data Processing: Financial, Business Practice, Management, or
Cost/Price Determination, for automated, financial, or business
practice, or management systems.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter relating to document management systems (DMS) that
control access to shareable documents.
Data Processing: Artificial Intelligence,
subclass 14 and 45-61 for artificial intelligence
methods of agent or multiagent collaboration, blackboard systems, intelligent
collaboration, and rule determination of workflow.
Data Processing: Presentation Processing
of Document, Operator Interface Processing, and
Screen Saver Display Processing,
subclasses 200 through 277for document Presentation, layout, and
annotation.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter for supporting a database and performing
actions to keep a database functioning properly (i.e., upkeep
of a database), wherein such actions are typically
carried out on database records by the database management system.
(1)
Note. This subclass does not include memory accessing, memory
control, and memory management, per se.
This subject matter is classified elsewhere.
(2)
Note. This subclass does not include anything that
deals with specific memory addresses, memory addressing schemes, and
low-level memory operations. This subject matter
is classified elsewhere.
Electrical Computers and Digital Processing Systems:
Multicomputer Data Transferring, appropriate subclasses for multicomputer data transferring
and network management and configuration.
Error Detection/Correction and Fault Detection/Recovery, for process or apparatus for detecting and recovering from
faults in electrical computers and digital data processing systems.
This subclass is indented under subclass 609. Subject matter relating to data between multiple databases
being made consistent for the purpose of ensuring coherence of copies
or versions of databases, database records, files, or their
associated metadata.
(1)
Note. The terms synchronization and replication are
equivalent.
(2)
Note. Database caching is for performance and synchronization
if for data recovery.
(3)
Note. This subclass is for consistency amongst plural
databases. Internal consistency within a database is classified elsewhere.
This subclass is indented under subclass 610. Subject matter relating to a propagation method that involves
a multi-phase commit wherein the source database system
waits for the copy process to complete at the target system.
This subclass is indented under subclass 611. Subject matter relating to a database model wherein updates
occur at any replica and then synchronously sent to all replicas (e.g., update anywhere
and two-way updates).
This subclass is indented under subclass 610. Subject matter relating to a propagation method that involves
a message or notification-based system where the source
database does not wait for the target to process the copy.
This subclass is indented under subclass 613. Subject matter relating to a database model wherein updates
occur at any replica and then asynchronously sent to all replicas.
This subclass is indented under subclass 613. Subject matter relating to updates (i.e., copies) sent
as transactions that group operations on data to ensure atomicity, consistency, isolation and
durability.
This subclass is indented under subclass 613. Subject matter relating to combining changes from multiple
sources and resolving conflicts to synchronize multiple sources.
This subclass is indented under subclass 610. Subject matter relating to a propagation method that requires
a continuous connection between two databases wherein synchronization
only occurs when the databases are connected and the synchronization
process is often commenced when the connection is created.
This subclass is indented under subclass 610. Subject matter relating to the computer system environment
in which synchronization occurs, wherein the environment
comprises physical and logical architecture.
This subclass is indented under subclass 620. Subject matter relating to synchronization of data between
a portable device and another computer especially concerning file
size, protocol and connectivity issues.
This subclass is indented under subclass 620. Subject matter relating to synchronizing databases on two
peer computers using direct communication, wherein each
database can be a client or a server at anytime.
Data Processing: Artificial Intelligence,
subclasses 45 through 61for details on agent-based peer-to-peer interactions. Review
the class 706 notes for a listing of artificial intelligence methods.
Electrical Computers and Digital Processing Systems:
Multi-computer Data Transferring,
subclasses 227 through 237for computer-to-computer connection
and data transfer.
This subclass is indented under subclass 620. Subject matter relating to a database model wherein updates
only occur at the master database and then are sent to the slaves (i.e., one-way
updates).
This subclass is indented under subclass 610. Subject matter wherein less than the whole of the data is
synched per operation (i.e., only changed
or updated data since last point in time is copied).
This subclass is indented under subclass 624. Subject matter relating to storing of information describing
the change or modification between different versions of a database.
This subclass is indented under subclass 610. Subject matter relating to specifying desired target data
including tables, files, or records to be used
in a replication process.
This subclass is indented under subclass 626. Subject matter wherein a group of data including tables, records, or
files are specified to be replicated to a set of targets.
This subclass is indented under subclass 626. Subject matter relating to computer database systems in
which a centralized distributor will establish the schedule on which
connections will be made with remote subscribers.
This subclass is indented under subclass 628. Subject matter relating to computer database systems in
which updates are sent to master and the master sends the updates
to other databases (i.e., subscribers).
This subclass is indented under subclass 628. Subject matter relating to computer database systems in
which updates are sent from a publisher to closest connected database (i.e., subscriber).
This subclass is indented under subclass 628. Subject matter relating to computer database systems in
which updates are broadcast from a publisher to other databases
which are subscribers.
This subclass is indented under subclass 626. Subject matter relating to computer database systems in
which subscribers request updates from a publisher database.
This subclass is indented under subclass 626. Subject matter relating to computer database systems in
which a distributor or agent assists in replication of data in a
database including logging history or errors.
This subclass is indented under subclass 610. Subject matter relating to a process that oversees replication
of data in a database including assigning Replica ID, change
logs, demotions, promotions, replication
and verification.
Backup interface, scheduling and management
for subject matter relating to interface for management processes
that oversees backup including planning, scheduling, and
reporting.
This subclass is indented under subclass 610. Subject matter relating to data that is copied to a target
in different data format or data type thereby implementing updates
of unlike kind for the purpose of flexibility and integration of different
data systems.
This subclass is indented under subclass 610. Subject matter relating to functionality and organization
of a distributor, wherein the distributor is defined as
a software or hardware entity which typically sends the replication data
to the subscribers.
This subclass is indented under subclass 610. Subject matter relating to improving the performance of
a database replication process, wherein the improving comprises
reducing latency, reducing resource consumption, and/or increasing
throughput.
Data Processing: Artificial Intelligence,
subclass 14 , 19, and 45-61 for optimization
methods using suboptimal solutions, heuristic methods, nonlinear
optimizations, etc.
This subclass is indented under subclass 610. Subject matter relating to management of versions within
a replication model to maintain a history of changes to the data.
This subclass is indented under subclass 610. Subject matter relating to any replication process that
is based on point in time (PIT) copy of the data.
This subclass is indented under subclass 609. Subject matter relating to database management systems in
which a copy of data, which is usually active, can
be used for restoration after an event or subject matter comprising
the copying of databases, database records, files, or their
associated metadata to be used for restoration after an event.
(1)
Note. The term backup typically infers that the copy
made of the database, database record, file, or
their associated metadata is left active.
Electrical Computers and Digital Processing Systems: Memory,
subclass 161 and 162 for archiving of memory and lower application
level archiving, and for backup of memory and lower application
level backup, respectively.
This subclass is indented under subclass 640. Subject matter relating to processing changes for backup
as units rather than being processed immediately on demand.
This subclass is indented under subclass 640. Subject matter relating to different mechanisms, methodologies
and structures for forming and storing a copy designed to support specific
data redundancy and recoverability standards and requirements, taking
into account a variety of possible system architectures.
This subclass is indented under subclass 644. Subject matter relating to a copy of all data from a source
regardless of whether or not if the data has been modified or not
to provide a complete copy at a target destination that facilitates
easier subsequent recovery operations.
This subclass is indented under subclass 644. Subject matter relating to a type of database back-up
which involves making copies of a log of change, addition, or
deletion of data.
This subclass is indented under subclass 644. Subject matter relating to backups which include point-in-time
copies of data that may be used as fault tolerance technique to
restart execution of data or database transactions upon fault.
This subclass is indented under subclass 644. Subject matter relating to a partial database back-up
which involves only making copies of database or system related
data, such as management records, state data and
system catalogs, but not user data.
This subclass is indented under subclass 644. Subject matter relating to a storage structure of storing
a backup of database data in a hierarchy of different storage media
each with a different level of cost and speed of access.
This subclass is indented under subclass 644. Subject matter relating to a storage structure of storing
the backup of database data in multiple locations.
This subclass is indented under subclass 644. Subject matter relating to storing the database backup based
on user specified criteria for data records into a user-defined
storage schema.
This subclass is indented under subclass 640. Subject matter relating to interface for management processes
that oversees backup including planning, scheduling, and
reporting.
for subject matter relating to a process that oversees
replication of data in a database including assigning Replica ID, change
logs, demotions, promotions, replication
and verification.
This subclass is indented under subclass 640. Subject matter relating to a full copy of a database is
maintained at another site, generally limited to databases
and database management systems and how to store the data.
(1)
Note. This subclass excludes recovery of the redundant
structures.
Electrical Computers and Digital Processing Systems: Multicomputer
Data Transferring, appropriate subclasses for storage management including Storage
Area Network (SAN), and Network based
storage (NAS).
Electrical Computers and Digital Processing Systems: Memory,
subclass 161 and 162 for archiving of memory and lower application
level archiving, and for backup of memory and lower application
level backup, respectively, appropriate subclasses
for RAID and volume management.
Error Detection/Correction and Fault Detection/Recovery,
subclasses 6.1 through 6.32for reliability and availability by redundant stored
data access on a network.
This subclass is indented under subclass 655. Subject matter relating to maintaining a full copy of data
in another site in real-time that includes updating both
copies of the database before a write is confirmed thus keeping
data sets in synch.
This subclass is indented under subclass 656. Subject matter relating to a concept that includes creating
a snapshot (i.e., a dynamic backup
copy) of the data just before modifying it so that the
database can be restored at any given point in time.
This subclass is indented under subclass 655. Subject matter relating to improving the mirroring process
which comprises reducing latency, reducing resource consumption, or increase
availability of mirrored copies.
This subclass is indented under subclass 609. Subject matter relating to database management systems in
which a copy of databases, database records, files, or
their associated metadata is to be used as a record or history for the
purpose of long-term storage.
(1)
Note. The term archive typically infers that the
copy made of the database, database record, file, or
their associated metadata is left not active.
Electrical Computers and Digital Processing Systems: Memory,
subclass 161 and 162 for archiving of memory and lower application
level archiving, and for backup of memory and lower application
level backup, respectively.
This subclass is indented under subclass 661. Subject matter relating to management of archived records
and rules for how long data is to be kept in the archive.
This subclass is indented under subclass 661. Subject matter relating to different mechanisms, methodologies
and structures for moving data to off-line storage, designed
to support specific data redundancy and recoverability standards
and requirements, taking into account a variety of possible
system architectures.
This subclass is indented under subclass 667. Subject matter relating to scheduling the movement of data
to occur without additional user action, for example at
a given time or on a given event.
This subclass is indented under subclass 668. Subject matter relating to automatic archiving of a database
being created by exporting data to the archive periodically.
This subclass is indented under subclass 668. Subject matter relating to automatic database archives being
created without interrupting the operations of a user or a client.
This subclass is indented under subclass 667. Subject matter involving manual selection of data from a
database to be archived and its archival destination.
This subclass is indented under subclass 661. Subject matter relating to creating an index of archive
data as an ordered list of search key values and pointers.
This subclass is indented under subclass 609. Subject matter wherein a database, database record, or
associated metadata is restored to a desired consistent state.
(1)
Note. This subclass excludes the underlying hardware, processors
and RAID.
(2)
Note. This subclass excludes system failures or physical
failures.
Electrical Computers and Digital Processing Systems: Memory,
subclass 161 and 162 for archiving of memory and lower application
level archiving, and for backup of memory and lower application
level backup, respectively.
Error Detection/Correction and Fault Detection/Recovery,
subclasses 2 through 20and 748 for fault recovery including physical and
data system recovery and disaster recovery, failure of
devices and physical errors.
This subclass is indented under subclass 674. Subject matter relating to the establishment and implementation
of restoring data (i.e., defining what
is involved in restoring data).
This subclass is indented under subclass 675. Subject matter relating to the recovery model that uses
point in time logging of all transactions to allow for recovery
to any point in time.
This subclass is indented under subclass 675. Subject matter relating to the recovery model including
restoring data in a database to a point in time of the last backup
without using an update log.
This subclass is indented under subclass 679. Subject matter relating to using a history of actions executed
by a database management system for recovery.
This subclass is indented under subclass 678. Subject matter relating to database management systems that
cause all the changes to be replayed and committed since a certain
point in time (i.e. the last backup).
(1)
Note. This subclass excludes instruction and lower
level processing.
This subclass is indented under subclass 678. Subject matter relating to database management systems that
cause all the changes to be rolled back to a certain point in the
past.
This subclass is indented under subclass 674. Subject matter relating to database management systems that
cause specified targets to be recovered from a last point in time
backup.
This subclass is indented under subclass 674. Subject matter directed to processes that improve recovery (e.g., the
time it takes, the amount of storage required).
Data Processing: Artificial Intelligence,
subclass 14 , 19, and 45-61 for related
applications of optimization methods using suboptimal solutions, heuristic
methods, nonlinear optimizations, and related
techniques. See class 706 line notes for further examples.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter for assuring and preserving the accuracy, validity, usability, state
and consistency of databases, database records, files, and
associated metadata, including detecting and monitoring
data for issues, conflicts and errors.
Electrical Computers and Digital Processing Systems: Memory, for garbage collection, per se, in addition,
subclasses 1 through 6for addressing particular memory configurations and
systems, subclasses 100 through 173 for memory accessing
and control, per se, (in particular subclasses 113
for disk caching, subclasses 117 through 146 for hierarchical
memory, per se, (including caching), subclasses 147
through 153 for shared memory accessing and control, subclasses
154 through 166 for memory control, maintenance and management
techniques (including subclasses 161 and 162 for archiving
and backup under memory accessing and subclasses 163 and 164 for
memory access limiting), and subclasses 170 through
173 for memory configuring and allocation), and
subclasses 200 through 221 for address formation processing, particularly
subclass 216 for address hashing.
Electrical Computers and Digital Processing Systems: Support, appropriate subclasses for system access control
and multiple computer communication in combination with cryptography, and
synchronizing clocks.
Error Detection/Correction and Fault Detection/Recovery,
subclasses 1 through 57and subclass 100 for data processing system error
or fault handling including state recovery, and subclasses
47.1 through 47.3 for actively preventing errors; appropriate subclasses
for state validity checks, error and fault detection, and
monitoring.
Information Security,
subclass 1 for policy, subclasses 2 through 21 for access
control and authentication, subclasses 22 through 25 for
monitoring or scanning of software or data including attack prevention, subclasses
26 through 33 for prevention of unauthorized use of data including prevention
of piracy, privacy violations or unauthorized data modification.
This subclass is indented under subclass 687. Subject matter relating to any data cleansing or scrubbing
operations in order to correct or screen inconsistent and/or
corrupt data.
(1)
Note. For classification herein, the data can
be, for example, records in a database, data
in XML nodes, data in a file.
for subject matter relating to breaking down an
input comprised of a data structure or data object into finer components
for the purpose of further processing or storage of the data structure or
data object. The finer components are identified because
they have an individual value.
for subject matter relating to categorizing a query
into a particular group or category so that only data in that group
or category needs to be searched.
for subject matter wherein data is received in unstructured
form (such as by importing and parsing a document or web
page), and converted to a form that can be stored
in a data structure/database schema.
Data Processing: Presentation Processing
of Document, Operator Interface Processing, and
Screen Saver Display Processing,
subclasses 234 through 242for structured documents and in particular, subclass
239 for conversion from one markup language to another (e.g., XML
to HTML or utilizing an intermediate format), and
subclass 249 for format transformation.
This subclass is indented under subclass 687. Subject matter relating to database management systems performing
compression of data from tables and records to reduce the storage space
requirements, which includes encoding information in fewer
bits and dividing data into pieces, and the reverse processes
such as defragmentation and decompression.
Dynamic Information Storage or Retrieval, for apparatus and corresponding processes for the
storage and retrieval of information based on relative movement
between a magnetic record carrier and a transducer (e.g., magnetic
disk drives).
Dynamic Information Storage or Retrieval, various
subclasses for record carriers and systems wherein data are stored
and retrieved by interaction with a medium and there is relative
motion between a medium and a transducer (e.g., optical
disks, CD-ROMs, jukeboxes), particularly
subclasses 30.01 through 41.01, 69, and 176 through 271 for
designating or selecting storage media to be used for storage and
retrieval.
Data Processing: Speech Signal Processing, Linguistics, Language
Translation, and Audio Compression/Decompression,
subclass 500 for audio and speech compression.
Electrical Computers: Arithmetic Processing
and Calculating,
subclass 203 for electric digital calculating computers performing
specialized functions for compressing or decompressing data.
Electrical Computers and Digital Processing Systems:
Multicomputer Data Transferring,
subclass 247 for compression to reduce the transfer payload
volume.
Electrical Computers and Digital Processing Systems:
Support, appropriate subclasses for compressions algorithms
related to authentication and security.
Data Processing: Artificial Intelligence,
subclasses 45 through 61for related methods on rule-based systems, self-managing, self-healing, self-protecting, and
autonomic computing.
Data Processing: Software Development, Installation, and
Management,
subclasses 168 through 173for version management, CVS, and
document management in data processing software development tool
environments.
This subclass is indented under subclass 687. Subject matter for updating, defragmenting or rebuilding
an index to improve the performance of the index (e.g., by
reducing storage size or reducing access time).
Electrical Computers: Arithmetic Processing
and Calculating,
subclasses 200 through 714for particular arithmetic function performed with
calculating computer including compression, decompression, detecting
a particular sequence of bits, and convolution and subclasses
530 through 534 for error detection or correction.
Electrical Computers: Arithmetic Processing
and Calculating,
subclasses 200 through 714for particular arithmetic function performed with
calculating computer including compression, decompression, detecting
a particular sequence of bits, and convolution and subclasses
530 through 534 for error detection or correction.
Electrical Computers: Arithmetic Processing
and Calculating,
subclasses 200 through 714for particular arithmetic function performed with
calculating computer including compression, decompression, detecting
a particular sequence of bits, and convolution and subclasses
530 through 534 for error detection or correction.
Error Detection/Correction and Fault Detection
Recovery,
subclasses 48 and 100 for CRC algorithm itself or details related
to using CRC for error detection such as in data transmission.
This subclass is indented under subclass 687. Subject matter relating to validation of data values being
used to ensure that they fall within boundary constraints.
This subclass is indented under subclass 687. Subject matter relating to the handling of integrity for
transactions to ensure atomicity, consistency, isolation
and durability.
Information Security, for processes or apparatus for increasing a systems extension
of protection of system hardware, software, or
data from maliciously caused destruction, unauthorized
modification, or unauthorized disclosure, per
se.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. . Subject matter relating to retrieval of information
stored in a database as well as restriction of access to a database.
Information Security, for processes or apparatus for increasing a system
s extension of protection of system hardware, software, or
data from maliciously caused destruction, unauthorized
modification, or unauthorized disclosure, per
se.
This subclass is indented under subclass 705. Subject matter relating to programs which enable an end
user to query unstructured, semi-structured or
structured documents that have been indexed, categorized
or organized.
Data Processing: Artificial Intelligence,
subclasses 12 through 14,20, and 45-55 for related methods
of search engine techniques and methods involving decision making, agents
or "bots", pattern recognition, clustering, classification, data
mining, machine learning, context-based
analysis and semantic processing, particularly subclass
50 for related methods of knowledge base management; subclasses 45-55
for details relating to parsing using Natural Language Processing (NLP), probabilistic
reasoning, neural networks, fuzzy-processing, and related
analysis techniques.
This subclass is indented under subclass 706. Subject matter relating to searching multiple search engines
or online databases with a single query (i.e., e.g., federated
search, meta-search).
This subclass is indented under subclass 707. Subject matter relating to selecting which database(s) to
search based on the topic or category of the query submitted to
the meta-search engine.
for subject matter relating to breaking down an
input comprised of a data structure or data object into finer components
for the purpose of further processing or storage of the data structure or
data object. The finer components are identified because
they have an individual value.
for subject matter relating to categorizing a query
into a particular group or category so that only data in that group
or category needs to be searched.
for subject matter wherein data is received in unstructured
form (such as by importing and parsing a document or web
page), and converted to a form that can be stored
in a data structure/database schema.
This subclass is indented under subclass 706. Subject matter relating to programs commonly known as Spider, Bots, and
Harvesters, which include an automated program that is
used by search engines to acquire content for indexing that often
employ filtering and categorizing techniques to remove unwanted
content including advertisement data.
(1)
Note. These subclasses accept crawling for a specific
MIME type and crawling for specific content e.g., sports, medicine.
This subclass is indented under subclass 709. Subject matter relating to crawling documents to acquire
contents using filtering and categorizing techniques so that only
content within certain categories is returned.
This subclass is indented under subclass 706. Subject matter relating to creating a structure by a search
engine used for the searching of web content comprising feature
frequency and location.
(1)
Note. Content features include character, word
or phrase; and, locations include an inverted
index data structure.
(2)
Note. The index may be created locally or remotely
by the search engine.
This subclass is indented under subclass 706. Subject matter relating to a search engine that is embedded
or mainly hardware based and does not include software instructions.
This subclass is indented under subclass 705. Subject matter relating to mechanisms, methodologies
and structures within a database management system designed to support
analysis and consideration of different ways of processing a query (i.e., different
query plans) such that the query is processed as efficiently as
possible, minimizing the time to process the query and
the resources utilized.
Data Processing: Artificial Intelligence,
subclasses 12 through 14,19, 21, and 45-61 for
optimization methods using suboptimal solutions, heuristic
methods, and nonlinear optimizations; for planning
algorithms related to adaptation, learning, or
optimization; for methods related to cost prediction algorithms; for methods
related to the decisions using incomplete data, such as
when some resources are unknown, and for methods related
to learning or predicting based on historical data.
This subclass is indented under subclass 713. Subject matter relating to the optimization of a query based
on joining of database structures in order to more efficiently execute
a query.
This subclass is indented under subclass 713. Subject matter relating to the optimization of a query by
creating an index, or the optimization of an already created
index.
This subclass is indented under subclass 713. Subject matter relating to the optimization of a query by
choosing an efficient order or path in which to execute a query (i.e., choosing
which tables to execute a query against first).
This subclass is indented under subclass 713. Subject matter relating to the optimization of a query by
selecting a set of views that should be kept for future use in query
execution.
This subclass is indented under subclass 713. Subject matter relating to optimizing query execution by
having set processes or plans to execute queries of certain types (e.g., adjusting the
ordering of processing the subqueries so that the query is executed
in a more efficient manner).
This subclass is indented under subclass 713. Subject matter relating to processes by which the cost (e.g., time, amount
of data movement) of executing a query using different
strategies is examined before choosing the best strategy for the
situation.
This subclass is indented under subclass 719. Subject matter relating to performing cost estimation by
evaluating processor time and memory consumption of strategies in
order to choose the best strategy for the situation.
This subclass is indented under subclass 713. Subject matter relating to performing query optimization
by looking at records of execution of past queries and basing the
optimization process on what is learned from these records.
This subclass is indented under subclass 705. Subject matter relating to post-processing of query
operations performed on records, files, and their
associated metadata to facilitate more efficient comprehension and
presentation of the records or files.
(1)
Note. The post-processing operations typically
include ranking query or search results and/or providing
a customized view of results.
Data Processing: Artificial Intelligence,
subclasses 14 , 20, and 45-48 for methods
related to post-processing using correlation, clustering, or
pattern recognition.
This subclass is indented under subclass 722. Subject matter relating to assigning a value to search results
based on set criteria to provide rankings to search results which
usually entails placing higher ranked search results higher in the
list of results displayed to the user.
Data Processing: Artificial Intelligence,
subclasses 12 through 14and 45-61 if ranking method is directed
to the overall structure of knowledge or ontology, or for
ranking methods using learning and/or adaptation.
This subclass is indented under subclass 723. Subject matter relating to assigning a higher rank to search
results that are closer to a desired geographical location and a
lower rank to search results that are further from that desired
geographical location.
Data Processing: Artificial Intelligence,
subclasses 12 through 14and 45-61 if ranking method is directed
to the overall structure of knowledge or ontology, or for
ranking methods using learning and/or adaptation.
This subclass is indented under subclass 723. Subject matter relating to assigning a higher rank to search
results that are more current or closer to a desired time and assigning
a lower rank to search results that are older or further away from
a desired time.
Data Processing: Artificial Intelligence,
subclasses 12 through 14and 45-61 if ranking method is directed
to the overall structure of knowledge or ontology, or for
ranking methods using learning and/or adaptation.
This subclass is indented under subclass 723. Subject matter relating to assigning a higher rank to search
results that are referenced more often by other documents and a
lower rank to search results that are not referenced as often by
other documents.
This subclass is indented under subclass 723. Subject matter relating to assigning a higher rank to search
results based on the history of selection (e.g., frequency
of access) of that document in past queries.
This subclass is indented under subclass 723. Subject matter relating to assigning a higher rank to search
results that have a higher occurrence of words or phrases that are
part of the search query and assigning a lower rank to search results
that have a lower occurrence of the words or phrases.
Data Processing: Artificial Intelligence,
subclasses 12 , 20, 22 and 45-61 for
methods related to machine learning (e.g., deterministic
state machines etc.), adaptive relevance processing, pattern
relevance, and relevance by classification.
This subclass is indented under subclass 728. Subject matter relating to assigning a higher rank to search
results in which words or phrases from the query appear in more
prominent locations such as the title, areas with larger
or emphasized text, or in the beginning of the search result
document and assigning a lower rank to search results in which words
or phrases form the query appear in less prominent locations.
Data Processing: Artificial Intelligence,
subclasses 12 through 14,20, 22 and 45-55 for feature
recognition or feature detection methods that adapt, learn, classify, or
cluster.
This subclass is indented under subclass 728. Subject matter relating to assigning a higher rank to search
results in which words or phrases from the query appear more often
and assigning a lower rank to search results in which words or phrases
from the query occur less often.
(1)
Note. The distance between the occurrence of words
or phrases of the query in the search result is often another feature used
in this type of ranking.
This subclass is indented under subclass 723. Subject matter relating to assigning a higher rank to search
results that fall within a category of a query wherein the category
may be determined based on explicit selection of the user or by
performing an analysis on the query itself.
This subclass is indented under subclass 723. Subject matter relating to the assigning of a rank to a
search result based on a user profile wherein the profile may be
unique for use by that user or may be designated for use with a group
of users that have similar roles.
(1)
Note. Group profiles are also known as collaborative
profiles.
Data Processing: Artificial Intelligence,
subclasses 12 through 14and 45-61 for personal profiles that use artificial
intelligence techniques to learn, adapt, apply
knowledge, make decisions, have specific management of
a knowledge base, or have a specific representation, reasoning, or
processing of information.
This subclass is indented under subclass 732. Subject matter relating to the assigning of a rank to a
search results based on a user or group profile wherein the user, group, or administrator
is given the chance to define or edit the profile by making explicit
selections.
This subclass is indented under subclass 732. Subject matter relating to the assigning of a rank to search
results based on a user or group profile that is defined and can
be adapted over time by analysis of the interaction of the user or
group of users with a computerized system.
This subclass is indented under subclass 723. Subject matter relating to processes which cause a particular
instance of a search result to rank higher in the results even though
it may not be the most relevant result.
(1)
Note. This subclass also includes processes meant
to prevent the inflation of search results.
(2)
Note. This type of ranking is also known as search
engine optimization.
(3)
Note. This subclass is for recognizing and trying
to eliminate SPAM in search results and for systems that cause low relevance
results to appear more relevant. E-mail SPAM filtering
is classified elsewhere.
Data Processing: Artificial Intelligence,
subclasses 12 through 14and 45-61 for inflating search ranks based on
data fusion, machine learning, preferences, classification, or
clustering.
Electrical Computers and Digital Processing Systems: Multicomputer
Data Transferring,
subclasses 204 through 206for computer conferencing and demand based e-mail
communications including spam filtering.
This subclass is indented under subclass 705. Subject matter relating to pre-processing operations
performed on records, files, or their associated
metadata to facilitate more efficient access of the records or files
which typically include ordering, organizing, and
filtering.
This subclass is indented under subclass 736. Subject matter relating to preparing data by placing data
that is similar into a group cluster or partition so that it is
easier to find at a later time.
Data Processing: Artificial Intelligence,
subclasses 12 through 14and 45-61 for clustering, grouping, and classifying
methods including unsupervised or supervised learning, discovery, LSA, and
LSI.
This subclass is indented under subclass 737. Subject matter relating to clustering or grouping data based
on the main idea that the data items portray.
(1)
Note. This subclass is for segmenting data along
topic lines where there is only nominal recitation of the environment and
the focus is on the preparation of the data for information retrieval.
This subclass is indented under subclass 737. Subject matter relating to items being clustered or grouped
together when they include many of the same features (i.e., words).
This subclass is indented under subclass 737. Subject matter wherein clustering or grouping is based on
known categories, and new documents are cataloged into
those set categories.
This subclass is indented under subclass 736. Subject matter relating to the generation of data structures
by a database management system which improves the efficiency of
look-up operations of data items stored in a data store
This subclass is indented under subclass 741. Subject matter relating to a type of index that facilitates
the mapping of words to their location in a set of documents, typically
used in document retrieval systems and search engines.
This subclass is indented under subclass 741. Subject matter relating to a type of index that allows data
to be stored and accessed in a two dimensional context, effectively
mapping the data to the (X, Y) coordinate
pair (e.g., this can include
Grid and R-trees).
This subclass is indented under subclass 741. Subject matter wherein relating to a type of index wherein
the index records are only created for some of the records and it
contains pairs of keys and pointers for every block (i.e., not
records) in a data file.
This subclass is indented under subclass 741. Subject matter relating to a type of index that allows key
value pairs to be stored based on a pseudo randomizing function
called hash function.
(1)
Note. This subclass excludes hashing algorithm per
se and mathematical algorithms.
Multiplex Communications,
subclass 395.32 for subject matter related to re-routing
network packets using employing particular searching function (e.g., hashing, alternate, re-routing).
This subclass is indented under subclass 736. Subject matter relating to assigning a value to data items
such as records, files or their associated metadata based
on set criteria to provide a distinction between data items.
This subclass is indented under subclass 748. Subject matter relating to assigning the ranking, scoring, or
weighting based on the similarity (e.g., closeness), or
relevance, measured between a plurality of data items.
Data Processing: Artificial Intelligence,
subclasses 12 through 14and 45-61 if ranking is directed to the overall
structure of knowledge or ontology, or for ranking methods using
learning and/or adaptation.
This subclass is indented under subclass 748. Subject matter relating to assigning the ranking, scoring, or
weighting based on how often a word, phrase or attribute
appears in a group of data items.
This subclass is indented under subclass 748. Subject matter relating to assigning the ranking, scoring, or
weighting based on past selection of a data item when compared to
selection of a group of data items.
Data Processing: Artificial Intelligence,
subclasses 12 through 14and 45-61 for algorithm details related
to learning or predicting based on historical data.
This subclass is indented under subclass 736. Subject matter relating to ordering and reordering data
based on a selected record, such as, putting data
into a numerical or alphabetical order.
This subclass is indented under subclass 752. Subject matter relating to the ordering of an index to a
record so that the record can appear to be ordered in a particular
manner.
This subclass is indented under subclass 736. Subject matter relating to extracting and removing of either
wanted or unwanted data from a data source, wherein the
data source typically comprises some form of structured data.
(1)
Note. This subclass excludes SPAM, e-mail, targeted
ads.
Data Processing: Financial, Business Practice, Management, or Cost/Price Determination
subclass 14 Distribution or redemption of coupon, or incentive
or promotion program.
Data Processing: Artificial Intelligence,
subclass 14 , 22, and 45-61 for filtering
using data fusion, Kalman filtering, probabilistic
reasoning, decision theory, etc.
Data Processing: Presentation Processing
of Document, Operator Interface Processing, and
Screen Saver Display Processing,
subclasses 234 through 242for structured documents and in particular, subclass
239 for Conversion from one markup language to another (e.g., XML
to HTML or utilizing an intermediate format) and subclass
249 for format transformation.
Information Security, for processes or apparatus for increasing a systems extension
of protection of system hardware, software, or
data from maliciously caused destruction, unauthorized
modification, or unauthorized disclosure, per
se.
This subclass is indented under subclass 736. Subject matter relating to breaking down an input comprised
of a data structure or data object into finer components for the
purpose of further processing or storage of the data structure or
data object.
(1)
Note. This subclass does not require a structural
change in the data. No transformation occurs.
for subject matter relating to categorizing a query
into a particular group or category so that only data in that group
or category needs to be searched.
for subject matter wherein data is received in unstructured
form (such as by importing and parsing a document or web
page), and converted to a form that can be stored
in a data structure/database schema.
Data Processing: Artificial Intelligence,
subclasses 45 through 55for Natural Language Processing (NLP), probabilistic
reasoning, neural networks, fuzzy-processing, and
analysis methods.
Data Processing: Presentation Processing
of Document, Operator Interface Processing, and
Screen Saver Display Processing,
subclasses 234 through 242for structured documents and in particular, subclass
239 for Conversion from one markup language to another (e.g., XML
to HTML or utilizing an intermediate format) and subclass
249 for fomat transformation.
This subclass is indented under subclass 736. Subject matter relating to changing format of a data structure, or
data objects, using various methods such as a translation, mapping, or altering
with the purpose of facilitating further processing of the data
structure or data object.
(1)
Note. This subclass excludes the conversion and/or
mapping of data being transferred.
(2)
Note. This subclass is not concerned with identifying
proper transformations from one schema to another.
This subclass is indented under subclass 736. Subject matter relating to manipulating data structures
or data objects to make portions of them invisible or inaccessible.
This subclass is indented under subclass 705. Subject matter relating to processes that attempt to locate
or match records or files desired by the user or computer system.
(1)
Note. This subclass does not include query optimization
processes.
This subclass is indented under subclass 758. Subject matter relating to adapting a query statement from
its original form in order to assist in retrieval and execution
of desired search results.
This subclass is indented under subclass 759. Subject matter relating to translating queries so that the
query can be executed against a database that is using a different
language or schema than the language and schema the query was written
in.
This subclass is indented under subclass 760. Subject matter relating to performing a test to translated
queries in order to test performance or to insure that the query
was translated correctly.
for changing the format of a data structure, or
data objects, using various methods such as a translation, mapping, or
altering with the purpose of facilitating further processing of the
data structure or data object.
This subclass is indented under subclass 760. Subject matter relating to performing a query translation
in order to access a legacy (i.e., an older
existing computerized system) database system.
This subclass is indented under subclass 760. Subject matter relating to performing a query translation
by using a map of query elements in one language or schema that
tells the equivalent element in another language or schema.
This subclass is indented under subclass 759. Subject matter relating to processes of adapting an original
query in order to provide more recall or precision.
This subclass is indented under subclass 765. Subject matter relating to adapting an original query by
user interaction to get more desired results as chosen by the user.
Data Processing: Artificial Intelligence,
subclasses 11 through 14and 45-61 if the interaction learns from the
user, or makes judgments or decisions based on the interaction
and for chat processing, Natural Language Processing (NLP), learning
or prediction.
Data Processing: Presentation Processing
of Document, Operator Interface Processing, and
Screen Saver Display Processing,
subclasses 200 through 277for document processing performed by a computer
for presentation including annotation and document editing, and
subclasses 700 through 866 for operator interface processing.
This subclass is indented under subclass 766. Subject matter relating to adapting an original query by
user interaction wherein the user is presented with a choice of
terms or modified queries.
This subclass is indented under subclass 769. Subject matter relating to processes that locate and retrieve
data from multiple databases located over different locations around
a network.
Data Processing: Artificial Intelligence,
subclasses 10 and 45-61 for agent, multiagent, or
distributed agent systems performing search and retrieval employing
artificial intelligence.
This subclass is indented under subclass 769. Subject matter relating to categorizing a query into a particular
group or category so that only data in that group or category needs
to be searched.
for subject matter relating to breaking down an
input comprised of a data structure or data object into finer components
for the purpose of further processing or storage of the data structure or
data object. The finer components are identified because
they have an individual value.
for subject matter wherein data is received in unstructured
form (such as by importing and parsing a document or web
page), and converted to a form that can be stored
in a data structure/database schema.
Data Processing: Artificial Intelligence,
subclasses 45 through 55for parsing using Natural Language Processing (NLP), probabilistic
reasoning, neural networks, fuzzy-processing, and
analysis techniques or methods.
This subclass is indented under subclass 769. Subject matter relating to queries that are unstructured
examples instead of a formalized structured query (e.g., the
user may submit an example text string or document and documents
or records which are similar to the example string or documents
are retrieved).
This subclass is indented under subclass 769. Subject matter relating to execution of a query wherein
the query is comprised of two or more sub-queries.
This subclass is indented under subclass 769. Subject matter relating to execution of a group of queries
wherein a query that is executed later is executed against the result
set of a prior query.
This subclass is indented under subclass 769. Subject matter relating to the analysis and interpretation
of large datasets to find new associations, patterns, and
relationships amongst the data.
Data Processing: Artificial Intelligence,
subclasses 45 through 61for data artificial intelligence mining methods, rule/relation
discovery, knowledge processing systems handling mined
information, and mining datasets.
This subclass is indented under subclass 776. Subject matter relating to analysis and interpretation of
large datasets to build/construct a taxonomy for future
searching.
This subclass is indented under subclass 777. Subject matter relating to analysis and interpretation of
large datasets to build/construct a hierarchical taxonomy.
This subclass is indented under subclass 769. Subject matter relating to searching wherein queries and
algorithms generate best match results based on likely relevance
even though the inputted search may not match exactly.
(1)
Note. Fuzzy searching is also known as inexact or
approximate matching.
Data Processing: Artificial Intelligence,
subclasses 1 through 9,12, 14, and 45-61 for
details related to fuzzy logic, reasoning under uncertainty, etc.
This subclass is indented under subclass 705. Subject matter relating to granting and denying the user
access to requested data or by choosing locations to retrieve data
from when it is requested.
(1)
Note. This subclass is directed to access control
in database systems.
(2)
Note. This subclass excludes aspects of computer
system security, such as details of encryption algorithms, decryption algorithms, firewalls, virus
protection, spamming, algorithms for generating passwords
and user names.
(3)
Note. This subclass does not include data integrity
operations.
Cryptography, for equipment and processes which (a) conceal
or obscure intelligible information by transforming such information
so as to make the information unintelligible to a casual or unauthorized
recipient, or (b) extract intelligible
information from such a concealed representation, including
breaking of unknown codes and messages.
Electrical Computers and Digital Processing Systems: Support, appropriate subclasses for system access control
and multiple computer communication in combination with cryptography, and
synchronizing clocks.
Information Security,
subclass 1 for policy, subclasses 2 through 21 for access
control and authentication, subclasses 22 through 25 for
monitoring or scanning of software or data including attack prevention, subclasses
26 through 33 for prevention of unauthorized use of data including prevention
of piracy, privacy violations or unauthorized data modification.
This subclass is indented under subclass 781. Subject matter relating to providing requested data access
to a user at alternative sites or different data locations, which
can be both for load balancing and in order to provide the user with
data that is more proximate to the user s current location.
(1)
Note. This subclass excludes redirection due to failure
or system errors.
This subclass is indented under subclass 781. Subject matter relating to determination and granting of
access to data and files by direct means, such as by the
file or database creator or database manager, or by indirect
means, such as by inheritance, by group/user
access profiles created, by a user or a computer system.
Data Processing: Artificial Intelligence,
subclasses 11 through 14and 45-61 for methods related to privileged
access using intelligent computations, machine learning, inference, intelligent
user profiling.
This subclass is indented under subclass 783. Subject matter relating to granting or denying user access
to data based on a profile that has been previously set up.
This subclass is indented under subclass 784. Subject matter relating to granting or denying user access
wherein the user profile is a list of areas the user has a right
to access or a list of areas the user does not have a right to access.
This subclass is indented under subclass 785. Subject matter relating to user profiles wherein the data
elements have a hierarchical relationship, and when the
user is granted access to a node, the user is in turn given
access to the child nodes of that node.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. . Subject matter wherein detailed information for
implementing a database and/or database management system
are provided, including data modeling, schema, conceptual layout
and physical layout.
Computer-Aided Design and Analysis of
Circuits and Semiconductor Masks,
subclasses 50 through 56for design of semiconductor masks and subclasses
100 through 139 for circuit design.
This subclass is indented under subclass 790. Subject matter directed to data structure, per
se, which involves the actual organization of data in its
simplest form (e.g., trees, arrays, linked lists).
(1)
Note. Use of conventional data structures for the
creation and management of records, files, or
messages are classified under subclass 802.
This subclass is indented under subclass 791. Subject matter wherein object oriented data structures define
one or more of the following aspects of the database management
system: (a) the data storage, (b) data
access methods, (c) schema, (d) views, (e) interfaces.
(1)
Note. This subclass encompasses structures which
define the DBMS itself.
This subclass is indented under subclass 791. Subject matter wherein customized data structures designed
to support specific applications are created and/or managed (e.g., data
structures to manage page layout in a document).
This subclass is indented under subclass 793. Subject matter wherein the customized data structures are
designed to store some type of knowledge representation, such
as a semantic network, ontology, taxonomy, or
concept-relation-concept (C-R-C) triples.
This subclass is indented under subclass 793. Subject matter wherein the customized data structures reference
externally-stored data (e.g., a
database schema including a pointer to a file stored in a file system, or
a pointer to a Binary Large Object, or BLOB).
This subclass is indented under subclass 793. Subject matter wherein the customized data structures include
features which are designed to support management (e.g., retrieval
or manipulation) of data.
Data Processing: Artificial Intelligence,
subclasses 12 through 14,20, 22, and 45-55 for
details on feature analysis and extraction algorithms that adapt, learn, classify, cluster, etc.
This subclass is indented under subclass 791. Subject matter wherein a data structure is represented as
an acyclic connected graph where each node has a set of zero or
more children nodes, and at most one parent node are created and/or
managed.
(1)
Note. All types of tree data structures not provided
for elsewhere are included in this subclass, including
B-trees, B+-trees, binary
trees, or tries.
(2)
Note. One example of a tree management operation
to be included within this subclass is a tree balancing operation.
This subclass is indented under subclass 791. Subject matter comprising creating or managing an abstract
data type (ADT) that consists of a set of nodes (i.e., vertices) and
a set of edges that establish relationships between the nodes.
(1)
Note. All types of graph data structures not provided
for elsewhere are included in this subclass, including, for
example, directed and undirected graphs, and networks.
This subclass is indented under subclass 791. Subject matter including a created and/or managed
data structure that contains buffered elements, generally
following a FIFO or LIFO priority for removal.
(1)
Note. All types of queue data structures are included
in this subclass, including, for example, circular
queue and priority queues.
This subclass is indented under subclass 791. Subject matter including a created and/or managed
data structure containing a list of values, where each
value references a next value in the collection.
(1)
Note. All types of linked list data structures are
included in this subclass, including, for example
doubly-linked lists.
This subclass is indented under subclass 791. Subject matter including a created and/or managed
data structure containing a list of elements that are referenced
by an index.
(1)
Note. All types of array data structures are included
in this subclass, including, for example, bitmaps
and stacks.
This subclass is indented under subclass 790. Subject matter which facilitates the management of data
structures, including their definition and creation, modification, transformation and
population.
for changing the format of a data structure, or
data objects, using various methods such as a translation, mapping, or
altering with the purpose of facilitating further processing of the
data structure or data object.
This subclass is indented under subclass 802. Subject matter wherein the structure of a database, schema, or
data structure is created, modified or populated using
a formal language supported by a database management system.
This subclass is indented under subclass 803. Subject matter wherein a database, schema, or data
structure is automatically generated based upon input data (e.g., a
data file).
This subclass is indented under subclass 803. Subject matter wherein a database, schema, or data
structure is generated or modified through the use of a graphical
user interface.
This subclass is indented under subclass 805. Subject matter wherein a database schema can be modified, and
wherein schema version information is maintained such that different schema
versions can be utilized in database transactions (e.g., insert, select).
This subclass is indented under subclass 805. Subject matter wherein a database schema includes support
for dynamic schema management. The database schema includes
a subset of tables and fields which themselves represent the database
schema (e.g., a table storing
table information, a table storing field/attribute information, a
table storing key information, adding a new record to the
field/attribute table dynamically modifies a data table
by adding a new field/attribute).
This subclass is indented under subclass 802. Subject matter wherein data is transferred from one schema
or structure to another.
(1)
Note. This subclass includes the conversion and/or
mapping of data being transferred.
(2)
Note. This subclass is concerned with identifying
proper transformations from one schema to another. The
execution of such transformations to store data in a database is
classified elsewhere.
for changing the format of a data structure, or
data objects, using various methods such as a translation, mapping, or
altering with the purpose of facilitating further processing of the
data structure or data object.
This subclass is indented under subclass 809. Subject matter wherein data is transferred from a schema
or data structure to another schema or data structure through the
use of a business model.
for changing the format of a data structure, or
data objects, using various methods such as a translation, mapping, or
altering with the purpose of facilitating further processing of the
data structure or data object.
This subclass is indented under subclass 809. Subject matter wherein data is received in unstructured
form, such as by importing and parsing a document or web
page, and converted to a form that can be stored in a data structure/database
schema.
(1)
Note. Examples of documents to be parsed are XML
or markup language files.
for subject matter relating to breaking down an
input comprised of a data structure or data object into finer components
for the purpose of further processing or storage of the data structure or
data object. The finer components are identified because
they have an individual value.
for subject matter relating to categorizing a query
into a particular group or category so that only data in that group
or category needs to be searched.
Data Processing: Presentation Processing
of Document, Operator Interface Processing, and
Screen Saver Display Processing,
subclasses 234 through 242for structured documents and in particular, subclass
239 for conversion from one markup language to another (e.g., XML
to HTML or utilizing an intermediate format) and subclass
249 for format transformation.
This subclass is indented under subclass 802. Subject matter wherein data is received for storage, and
the most suitable device, volume, location or
data structure/schema is selected for storage based on
the characteristics of the data to be stored.
Dynamic Magnetic Information Storage or Retrieval, for apparatus and corresponding processes for the
storage and retrieval of information based on relative movement
between a magnetic record carrier and a transducer (e.g., magnetic
disk drives).
Static Information Storage and Retrieval, various subclasses for apparatus or corresponding
processes for the static storage and retrieval of information.
Dynamic Information Storage or Retrieval, various
subclasses for record carriers and systems wherein data are stored
and retrieved by interaction with a medium and there is relative
motion between a medium and a transducer (e.g., optical
disks, CD-ROMs, jukeboxes), particularly
subclasses 30.01 through 41.01, 69, and 176 through 271 for
designating or selecting storage media to be used for storage and
retrieval.
Electrical Computers and Digital Processing Systems: Memory,
subclasses 133 through 136for cache entry replacement strategies, subclasses
159 through 160 for memory accessing and control entry replacement
strategies, per se, and subclasses 170 through
173, especially subclass 173, for memory accessing
and control memory configuring and partitioning, per se.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter comprising automatic management or maintenance
of a heap data structure, which includes reclaiming memory resources
and the reorganizing of memory space storing data objects based
upon the need for the data by the current processes.
(1)
Note. This subclass includes operating systems, virtual
machines as well as a single program.
(2)
Note. Cache management on the die is classified elsewhere.
(3)
Note. Web-server cache management is properly
classified herein.
Electrical Computers and Digital Processing Systems: Memory,
subclasses 133 through 136for cache entry replacement strategies, subclasses
159 through 160 for memory accessing and control entry replacement
strategies, per se, and subclasses 170 through
173, especially subclass 173, for memory accessing
and control memory configuring and partitioning, per se.
This subclass is indented under subclass 813. Subject matter comprising a form of heap management/maintenance
where each data object stored in memory stores a count of the number of
references, pointers, or handles which currently
reference the data object.
This subclass is indented under subclass 814. Subject matter comprising a form of reference counting garbage
collection wherein one or more objects refer either directly or
indirectly to itself.
This subclass is indented under subclass 813. Subject matter comprising traversing and marking/tagging
each data object in a heap data structure which are accessible by
a computer program, wherein after the traversal of the
heap is complete, all untagged data objects are collected
or deallocated.
This subclass is indented under subclass 813. Subject matter comprising traversing and marking/tagging
each data object in a heap data structure which are accessible by
a computer program, and after the traversal of the heap
is complete, all untagged data objects are collected or
deallocated.
(1)
Note. Remaining data objects in the heap are compacted
so as to leave two portions of the heap, one area containing allocated
and accessible objects, and another area that is free memory
available to a computer program for allocation.
This subclass is indented under subclass 813. Subject matter comprising traversing the heap data structure
and copying each live object into contiguous destination area, wherein
variations include semi-space collector, stop-and-copy, and
Cheney s algorithm.
(1)
Note. This subclass differs from Mark-compact
in that there is no marking of objects, so the heap needs
to be traversed only once.
This subclass is indented under subclass 813. Subject matter comprising separating portions of the heap
data structure into specific memory regions for different ages of
data objects stored in memory and considering the age of a data object
when rearranging data objects in the heap, as well as how
often to perform garbage collection on a particular memory region.
This subclass is indented under subclass 813. Subject matter comprising traversing the heap incrementally, as
opposed to stopping any running applications and completely traversing
the entire heap in a single garbage collection operation.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. . Subject matter comprising organizing, storing, managing, and
maintaining flat files stored in a computer system.
(1)
Note. This subclass excludes allocating the space
to store the files, addresses, byte-level
information, instructions and volume management.
Electrical Computers and Digital Processing Systems: Memory,
subclasses 101 through 146for memory accessing and control, per
se, and subclasses 154 through 166 for memory control, maintenance
and management techniques.
This subclass is indented under subclass 821. Subject matter comprising means or steps for managing the
storage, organization and accessing of files on a media.
Electrical Computers and Digital Processing Systems: Memory,
subclass 100 for memory accessing and control, per
se, and subclasses 154-166 for memory control, maintenance
and management techniques.
This subclass is indented under subclass 822. Subject matter comprising means or steps for managing the
storage, organization and accessing of files on a data
storage device.
(1)
Note. Examples include FAT, NTFS, HFS, HFS+, ext2, ext3, ISO
9660, ODS-5 and UDF.
(2)
Note. This subclass includes file systems for storing
data files on a data storage device such as a disk drive.
Dynamic Information Storage or Retrieval, for apparatus and corresponding processes for the
storage and retrieval of information based on relative movement
between a magnetic record carrier and a transducer (e.g., magnetic
disk drives).
Static Information Storage and Retrieval, various subclasses for apparatus or corresponding
processes for the static storage and retrieval of information.
Dynamic Information Storage or Retrieval, various
subclasses for record carriers and systems wherein data are stored
and retrieved by interaction with a medium and there is relative
motion between a medium and a transducer (e.g., optical
disks, CD-ROMs, jukeboxes), particularly
subclasses 30.01 through 41.01, 69, and 176 through 271 for
designating or selecting storage media to be used for storage and
retrieval.
Electrical Computers and Digital Processing Systems: Memory,
subclasses 133 through 136for cache entry replacement strategies, subclasses
159 through 160 for memory accessing and control entry replacement
strategies, per se, and subclasses 170 through
173, especially subclass 173, for memory accessing
and control memory configuring and partitioning, per se.
This subclass is indented under subclass 822. Subject matter comprising means or steps for managing the
storage, organization and accessing of files on a non-volatile
solid-state memory storage device.
This subclass is indented under subclass 822. Subject matter comprising means or steps for managing the
storage, organization and accessing of files identified
by their characteristics or metadata.
This subclass is indented under subclass 822. Subject matter comprising means or steps for managing the
storage, organization and accessing of files through transactional
processing, wherein specific groups of database modifications, additions
and deletions which constitute a specific transaction are guaranteed
to be fully completed or rolled back, such that the ACID (i.e., atomicity, consistency, isolation
and durability) properties of the files are maintained.
This subclass is indented under subclass 822. Subject matter comprising means or steps for managing the
storage, organization and accessing of files remotely on
a server.
This subclass is indented under subclass 821. Subject matter comprising the use of a specific directory
structure to support the efficient storage and retrieval of files
in a file system.
This subclass is indented under subclass 828. Subject matter comprising the use of a path (i.e., chain) of
folders or directories to maintain files in a file system.
This subclass is indented under subclass 828. Subject matter comprising the use of a an addressing mechanism
in a file system to facilitate efficient access to a specific file.
This subclass is indented under subclass 828. Subject matter comprising the use of a virtual directory
system to link to an actual directory in a file system.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter comprising database and file management or
data structure apparatus and methods not provided for above.
E-SUBCLASSES
The E-subclasses in U.S. Class
707 provide for digital computing or data processing equipment or
methods specially adapted for the retrieval of information data and
database structures for such data.
INFORMATION RETRIEVAL; DATABASE STRUCTURES THEREFORE (EPO):
This group of subclasses provides for digital computing
or data processing equipment or methods specially adapted for the
retrieval of information, and data base structures for
such data. This subclass is substantially the same in scope
as ECLA classification G06F17/30.
(1)
Note. This group includes compilation of abstracts.
![[Search a list of Patent Appplications for class 707]](../as.gif)
CLASS 707,![[List of Patents for class 707 subclass 600]](../ps.gif)
600