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CLASS 514,	DRUG, BIO-AFFECTING AND BODY TREATING COMPOSITIONS
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SECTION I - CLASS DEFINITION

Class 514 is an integral part of Class 424. It incorporates all the definitions and rules as to subject matter of Class 424.

SECTION II - LINES WITH OTHER CLASSES AND WITHIN THIS CLASS

A. GENERAL STATEMENT OF CLASS SUBJECT MATTER

(1) Official subclasses 1-789 do not provide for cross-reference patents which are originally classified in Class 260 (Compound area) or in the Class 530-570 series or in Class 585. Cross-reference patents that are originally classified in the Class 520 series are allowed.

(2) The cross-reference rule elaborated above means that a specific compound having a disclosed or even specifically claimed utility (i.e., compound X useful as an anti-cancer drug) will be classifiable only in Class 260 or in the Class 530-570 series or in class 585.

B. OFFICIAL CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS:

(1) Peptide and protein art collections (subclasses 800-809).

(2) Specifically disclosed disease condition and pharmaceutical effect (subclasses 810-935).

The official cross-reference art collections subclasses 800-935 take patents dating from Jan.1, 1965. These collections provide for data from all classes including Classes 260, 530-570, and Class 585.

C. OFFICIAL CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS:

Subclasses 936-975 provide for specifically disclosed carrier specified nonbioactive ingredient (subclasses 936-975).

This art collection provides (1) data from Class 260 (Compounds ) and Classes 530-570 series and Class 585 dating from Jan. 1, 1965, and (2) data from all other classes regardless of date.

Class 514 and Class 424 differ in scope as to cross-referencing procedure. Those subclasses identified as Class 424 will accept cross-references from all classes including 424, 260, Classes 530-570 series and Class 585 as has been done in the past. An exception within Class 424 are subclasses 1.11+ wherein the 514 rule is respected and therefore cross-referencing is not accepted.

SCHEDULE OUTLINE OF CLASS 514

The schedule is divided into a number of parts, each of which is distinct and provides for different types of subject matter. The following is a breakdown of the major areas and indicates the type of subject matter provided therein.

(A) Subclasses 1-768 provide for the subject matter proper under Class 424 containing a designated organic active ingredient (DOAI), methods of making such compositions and methods of using such compositions. Also included herein are method of using a specified DOAI.

(B) Subclasses 769-771 provide for subject matter relating to a designated inorganic nonactive ingredient (See Glossary below) other than water or designated elemental nonactive material (See Glossary). These subclasses provide for compositions which may have an organic active material and which active material does not qualify as a DOAI as well as to methods of preparing or using such compositions. These subclasses also provide for compositions containing a designated inorganic nonactive material other than water or designated elemental material and which composition qualifies as subject matter proper for Class 424 and is not provided higher in the classification schedule as well as to methods of preparing or using such compositions.

(C) Subclasses 772-788 provide for subject matter relating to a designated organic nonactive ingredient (See GLOSSARY) other than a hydrocarbon. These subclasses provide for compositions which may have an organic active material and which active material does not qualify as a DOAI as well as to methods of preparing or using such compositions.

(D) Subclass 789 is the miscellaneous subclass for subject matter proper in Class 424 or 514. This subclass provides for compositions, methods of preparing or using same.

(E) Subclasses 800-809 are art collections pertaining to protein and peptide and relate to subject matter only in Class 514.

(F) Subclasses 810-935 are art collections pertaining to specifically disclosed disease condition and pharmaceutical effect and relate to subject matter only in Class 514.

(G) Subclasses 936-975 are art collections pertaining to specifically disclosed carrier system; physical form or specified nonbioactive ingredient and relate to subject matter only in Class 514.

DESIGNATED ORGANIC ACTIVE INGREDIENT (DOAI)

DOAI is when (a) the active ingredient is identified by at least one chemical atom, e.g., organic phosphorus compound, etc. or (b) the active ingredient is identified as a generic type of chemical compound, e.g., alcohol, ether, etc.

The term active denotes a physiological, pharmacological or biological effect.

For purposes of this class organic active ingredient although inherently reciting the presence of a carbon atom is considered to be too broad and therefore will not be considered as DOAI"s is as follows: chalcogen, carboxylic acid, phosphorus containing, organic alkali or earth metal compound, hydrocarbon, halogenated hydrocarbon, etc.

The following list below is not exhaustive and merely emumerates certain materials that will not be considered as DOAI"s, e.g., organic compound, solvent, biocide, pharmaceutically active, medicine, preservative, diabetes active, pesticidal, active against rabies, antihistamine, anti-tussive, anti-caries, crystalline, antioxidant, etc.

It is important to remember that function of a material or even amount, e.g., pharmaceutical, etc., even if specific, e.g., diabetes active, etc., or 2% of a diabetes active ingredient, etc., does not meet any of the necessary criteria elaborated in 1 and 2 above. Function or amount therefore does not qualify as rendering an ingredient as "Designated".

RULES CONCERNING THE USE OF DOAI IN THE SCHEDULE

For purposes of Class 514, certain rules as to patent placement have been adopted. These rules pertain only to the subject matter in Class 514 and are not to be extrapolated to areas in Class 424.

The rules adopted pertaining to the use of the term "DOAI" are as follows:

(A) In those subclasses which recite a designated organic active ingredient (DOAI) in the title, the indented subclasses merely pertain to a further elaboration of the DOAI and do not relate to any other ingredient. An example of this is (subclass 497 in Class 514) which recites nitrogen containing and is indented under (subclass 496) which recites mercury and which in turn is indented under (subclass 492) heavy metal containing DOAI. The meaning of (subclass 497) is that an active ingredient contains both nitrogen and mercury atoms as part of a single molecule.

(B) In those subclasses which recite "with" as in (subclass 168) under a specified DOAI, such use is consistent with the term as used in other classes in that, at least two separate materials must be present, one of which is the DOAI and the other "with" ingredient. The "with" ingredient need not have an active function for Class 514 unless the subclass specifically requires an "active with ingredient" as in subclass 154.

EXAMPLES OF PATENT PLACEMENT WITHIN THE CLASS

Patentee Claims

(A) A biocide and starch as a carrier. The original classification is with the starch in subclass 778, since a chemical atom of the biocide is not recited.

(B) 2% of a biocide and starch as a carrier. Same classification as in (A) above, since 2% is not considered sufficient to be DOAI.

(C) An organic phosphorus containing biocide and starch as carrier. Original classification is on the basis of the biocide since an atom is recited. Entirely proper to look at disclosure to see the type of phosphorus compound encompassed by the term "organic phosphorus".

(D) A synergistic mixture of two biocides at least one of which is formaldehyde classifiable in subclasses 694+. The disclosure recites that the other biocide can be a organic phosphorus compound classifiable in subclasses 75+. Since the claim has only one DOAI recited (i.e., formaldehyde) original classification is in the formaldehyde species.

(E) A synergistic mixture of two biocides one of which is formaldehyde and the other is malathion. Formaldehyde is classified in subclass 694 and malathion is classified in subclass 122. The original is classified with malathion in subclass 122 as per normal classification rules.

RULES CONCERNING PLACEMENT OF SALTS WITHIN CLASS 514 AND SEARCH THEREFOR

Classification Practice

(A) Inorganic salts of organic materials are considered as organic and classified with the organic materials only, even when the organic material is not a DOAI by definition (see Glossary). No weight in the classification system is given to the inorganic material. However, when the inorganic segment of the salt is specifically claimed or disclosed as the only active segment of the salt molecule original classification is proper on the basis of the inorganic segment and cross-referenced to the organic material.

Example 1. R--R. SO₄

classified on the basis of

R--R

segment only

Example 2 Organic. SO₄

or

Organic pesticide. SO₄ classified on the basis of the disclosed organic or organic pesticide material only.

Example 3. Organic. SO₄

or

Amine. SO₄

Wherein activity is recited only in the SO₄ segment, original classification is with SO₄ segment, cross-reference is highly desirable with the disclosed organic or amine material.

(B) When a nonsalt DOAI material (see section 2, Glossary) as well as a salt thereof are claimed a prima facie nonrebuttal presumption is established that only the nonsalt active material is effective, even if the salt is specifically claimed and even if different 424 utility is noted for the specific salt. The claims are classified as original with the nonsalt DOAI material and a cross-reference to the salt area, even if higher in the classification schedule is unnecessary.

(C) When an organic salt of a DOAI is solely specifically claimed (i.e., nonsalt species of material is not claimed) the following classification rules will apply:

(1) Both segments of the solely claimed salt, i.e., anion and cation, are designated

(a) both segments are claimed or disclosed as active for the utility intended, or where no evidence is shown that a particular segment is active or inactive (both through claims or disclosure), the entire molecule will be considered a DOAI and classified on the basis of the first appearing segment in the schedule hierarchy, an example of this is the treatment of amine-critic acid: original classification with citric acid is proper since both segments of the molecule are active and since amine is classified lower in the 514 schedule hierarchy then citric acid or

(b) only one particular segment is claimed or disclosed as active, the original classification is to the designated active segment and cross-referenced to the nonactive segment area if said nonactive segment is higher in the classification schedule.

(2) Only one segment of the solely claimed salt, i.e., anion or cation, is designated, the original classification is with the active segment, even if the active segment is nondesignated, e.g., "an amine salt of an organic compound" wherein the pesticide or organic compound is specifically claimed or disclosed to be active for the utility intended. Classification is on the basis of the disclosed pesticide or the organic compound and cross-referenced to the amine area if the amine is higher in the schedule hierarchy than the disclosed species of the pesticide or organic compound. However, when the nondesignated segment is claimed as "a pharmaceutically acceptable acid (or base or equivalent thereof), e.g., "an amine salt of a therapeutically acceptable or compatible acid", no weight is given to the "acceptable or compatible acid" and classification is based only on the designated segment, i.e., the amine.

Examination Practice

Due to the nature of the system of classification elaborated above a search to be complete must at times entail searching in a multiplicity of subclasses.

(A) Claims drawn to solely a salt. Claims are classified and searched as in Classification Practice, C, above.

(B) Claims drawn to a nonsalt DOAI and also to a salt thereof, either in a dependant claim or in a Markush group. Classified only with the nonsalt species but searched in all salt species which are classified higher in the classification schedule than the nonsalt species.

The rules for determining Class placement of the Original Reference (OR) for claimed chemical compositions are set forth in the Class Definition of Class 252 in the section LINES WITH OTHER CLASSES AND WITHIN THIS CLASS, subsection COMPOSITION CLASS SUPERIORITY, which includes a hierarchical ORDER OF SUPERIORITY FOR COMPOSITION CLASSES.

CLASS 514 TERMS

The following frequently used terms in Class 514 are referenced in References to The Current Class, below. These terms have also been entered into the Index of the U.S. Patent Classification.

A

Acronycines; Allantion; Amantadine; Amphetamine; Ampicillin; Amprotropine; Aspirin; Atropine

B

Barbituric acid; Benzocaine; Benzomorphans; Biotin

C

Capsaicin; Cephalocporins; Chlorpheniramine; Cholecalciferol; Chrysanthemic acid; Cobalamin; Codeine; Colchicine; Cortisone; Cupreine; Cycloheximide; Cyproheptadine; Cysteine ester

D

DDT; DDVP; Dextromethorphan; Dyphylline

E

Ephedrine; Estradiol;

F

Fluspirilene

G

Glaucine; Glucamine; Griseofulvin

H

Hexachlorophene; Hydrocortisone

I

Isoniazid

M

Malathion; Melatonin; Meperidine; Methadone; Methapyrilene; Methomyl; Morphinans; Morphine;

N

Nandrolone; Niacinamide; Nortestosterone

O

Oxolinic acid

P

Parathion; Pencillin G; Perimidines; Phenylephrine; Phenyltoloxamine; Pilocarpine; Pimozide; Piromidic acid; Perdnisolone; Procaine; Progesterone; Psoralen; Pteridine; Purines

Q

Quinicine; Quinidine; Quinine; Quinoxaline

R

Riboflavins

S

Salinomycin; Scopolamine

T

Tartaric acid; Tetracycline; Theophilline; Thiamines; Tocopherois; Tryptophan; Tyrosine; Tripelennamine

U

Uracil

V

Vinblastine; Vincamine; Viquidil

SECTION III - SUBCLASS REFERENCES TO THE CURRENT CLASS

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

SECTION IV - GLOSSARY

The following terms have been used in a number of subclass titles throughout Class 514. For convenience, these often used terms have been arranged into a Glossary. When any of these terms is used in particular subclass titles in Class 514, their meaning is to be consistent with the meaning in this Glossary.

ACYCLIC

Denotes a compound devoid of any ring-containing moiety. Thus an acyclic chain may contain any atom as long as it is not a member of a ring.

ALCOHOL

Denotes an organic compound having the general structure C-OH wherein the carbon atom bound to the oxygen atom of the hydroxyl group cannot be doubled bonded to oxygen, sulfur, selenium, or tellurium or triple bonded to nitrogen. The terms as used herein includes phenols.

ALDEHYDE

Denotes an organic compound having the general structure -C-[C(=O)]_n-H or H-[C(=O)]_n-H (n is 1 or more and wherein the carbon atom bonded to the-[C(=O)]-_n group is not double bonded to oxygen, sulfur, selenium, or tellurium, or triple bonded to nitrogen.

ALICYCLIC RING OR RING SYSTEM

This term denotes a carbocyclic ring which is not a benzene ring or a polycyclo carbocyclic ring system which does not have a benzene ring as one of the cyclos.

AMINE-

Denotes an organic compound having a nitrogen atom single or double bonded to a carbon atom and wherein the carbon atom bonded to the nitrogen atom is devoid of a double bond to oxygen, sulfur, selenium, or tellurium or triple bonded to nitrogen. In addition, those compounds wherein the same nitrogen atom is bonded to a -C(=X)- group (X is O, S, Se, or Te) and to a carbon atom which is not double bonded to oxygen, sulfur, selenium, or tellurium, are not considered as being amines, e.g.,

-C-NH-C(X=)-

Although amides may be considered chemically as amines, it has been found expedient for this class to exclude compounds containing only amide nitrogen herefrom. Therefore, as used throughout this area, the term amide is not to be confused as being an amine. A compound, however, which contains a nitrogen atom bonded to a non -C(=X)- carbon atom and which contains either a nitrogen atom bonded to a -C(=X)- group or an amide group, is considered as being an amine.

AMINO NITROGEN

Denotes any nitrogen in an organic compound other than a nitrogen in an inorganic ion of an addition salt, a nitro (-NO₂) or nitroso (-NO). Component parts of an "adduct" will be considered to be attached to each other ionically except if it is clear that the mode of attachment is nonionic.

ARYL RING OR RING SYSTEM

This term denotes a benzene ring or a polycyclo carbocyclic ring system having a benzene ring as one of the cyclos.

ATTACHED DIRECTLY OR BONDED DIRECTLY

These terms are used to show that specified moieties are connected by bonds only.

ATTACHED INDIRECTLY

This term denotes that at least one atom, as well as bond, connects specified moieties.

BENZENE RING

This term includes in all cases except where there are explicit limitations to the contrary, substituted benzene rings, including substitution in the form of an additional fused or bridged ring or ring system.

BICYCLO RING SYSTEM

This term denotes a polycyclo ring system which contains exactly two rings.

CARBOCYCLIC

This term denotes a ring or ring system where all ring members are carbons.

CHAIN

This term denotes a plurality of atoms which connect specified groups or atoms. The atoms of the chain must be nonionically attached to each other and to the specified groups or atoms. If the chain may not include any ring members it will be designated as acyclic. When the chain may include ring members the title will state that the chain may include a ring. The chain ends where it attaches to the specified groups or atoms and does not include any part of them. The chain may have substituents but the substituents are not part of the chain.

DESIGNATED ELEMENTAL NONACTIVE INGREDIENT

Denotes an elemental material either metallic or nonmetallic and which is identified by its chemical nature, e.g., iron, silver, etc., or is identified in a generic manner, e.g., alkali metal atom, etc. The term nonactive as used herein denotes the absence of any physiological, pharmacological or biological affect attributed to the elemental material.

DESIGNATED INORGANIC NONACTIVE INGREDIENT

Denotes an inorganic compound which is identified by at least one chemical atom, e.g., sodium-containing, etc., or is identified as a generic type of inorganic chemical compound, e.g., alkali metal-containing, etc. The term nonactive as used herein denotes the absence of any physiological, pharmacological or biological affect attributed to the inorganic material.

DESIGNATED ORGANIC ACTIVE INGREDIENT (DOAI) DENOTES

(1) The active ingredient is identified by at least one chemical atom, e.g., organic phosphorus compound, etc., or (2) The active ingredient is identified as a generic type of chemical atom, e.g., alcohol, ether, etc. The term active denotes the presence of a physiological, pharmacological or biological affect.

DESIGNATED ORGANIC NONACTIVE INGREDIENT DENOTES

(1) A nonactive ingredient is identified by at least one chemical atom or (2) the nonactive ingredient is identified as a generic type of chemical compound, e.g., starch, etc. The term nonactive denotes the absence of any physiological, pharmacological or biological affect attributed to the organic material.

ETHER

Denotes an organic compound having oxygen bonded directly to two carbon atoms, which carbons cannot be double bonded to oxygen, sulfur, selenium, or tellurium, or triple bonded to nitrogen.

FATTY ACID

Denotes an aliphatic monocarboxylic acid having an unbroken chain of at least seven carbon atoms bonded to the carboxyl group.

FUSED OR BRIDGED RING SYSTEM

Denotes a ring system having at least two rings which (a) share with each other two adjacent ring atoms, or (b) share with each other three or more ring atoms and wherein each ring having shared atoms is either a heterocyclic ring or a carbocyclic ring.

HALOGENATED HYDROCARBON

Denotes a compound containing only carbon, hydrogen, and halogen, or only carbon and halogen.

HETERO RING

Denotes the presence of one or more carbon atoms covalently bonded in a closed ring with at least one atom of oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, selenium or tellurium and having no other atoms in the ring.

INCLUDING HYDROGENATED

Denotes that a ring system which by definition has ring unsaturation possesses a degree of saturation which may be different than the ring system definition would normally indicate.

KETONE (INCLUDING KETENE)

Denotes an organic compound having the general structure -C-[C(=O)]_n -C- (n is 1 or more) and whereinthe carbon atoms bonded to the-[C(=O)]_ngroup are not double bonded to oxygen, sulfur, selenium, or tellurium. Ketone as used throughout includes ketene.

NONIONIC BONDING

As used in regard to bonding or attachment of specified moieties denotes the absence of ionic bonding between the moieties. If the moieties are attached directly, the bonds between them must be covalent or coordinate. If the moieties are attached indirectly, each atom of the connecting chain must be attached by covalent or coordinate bonding to another atom of the connecting chain or to one of the moieties. However, the connecting chain may have substituents thereon which include ionic bonding. Some examples will be given of compounds which could be classified in a subclass having the following titles: "Oxygen attached indirectly to the six-membered hetero ring by nonionic bonding".

Two typical compounds which would be classified in such a subclass are:

The following three compounds would also be classified in such a subclass but they are not typical.

The three atypical examples are considered to meet the title since there is a chain of atoms between the hetero ring and the oxygen in which each atom is connected to the hetero ring, the oxygen, or another atom of the chain by nonionic bonding. The ionic bonding between the ring nitrogen and the oxygen in the two betaine inner salts is additional and does not keep the betaines out of such a subclass. However, a structure, such as

is excluded since no oxygen is attached to the six-membered hetero ring by nonionic bonding. The oxygen of an N—oxide, for example,

is considered attached to the ring by nonionic bonding (coordinated bonding).

POLYCYCLO RING SYSTEM

This term denotes a compound which contains fused or bridged rings. The polycyclo ring system must contain at least two rings and each ring of the system must share two or more of its atoms with another ring of the system. All ring members must be attached to each other by nonionic bonding. The polycyclo ring system is usually only a moiety within a compound. Indents such as bicyclo and tricyclo are meant to limit the number of rings or cyclos in the polycyclo ring system to exactly two rings and three rings, respectively.

For polycyclo systems having bridges it should be remembered that the system is regarded as composed only of the smallest number of smallest rings that will account for all atoms and valences. This is in accord with the nomenclature employed by The Ring Index. Second Edition, (1960).

An example of the use of this system of nomenclature is as follows. The compound (Ia)

can also be written as (Ib)

Said compound should also be considered as a (C₄N—C₄N—C₂O) tricyclo system as in (Ia), rather than as a (C₄N—C4 NO—C₂O) tricyclo system as possibly seen in (Ib). The former interpretationis the one with smallest number of smallest rings that accounts for all atoms and valences. Some additional illustrative examples of the principle set forth above are: (II)

Compound II is considered as a bicyclo system composed of a C₂N₂O ring and a C₄O ring; it is not considered a diazine ring for classification. Further, 3—aza—bicyclo [3.1.0] hexane

is classified with pyrrolidines considering the structure a five-membered ring and a three-membered ring rather than with piperidines which would require considering it a six-membered ring. However, see page XI of The Ring Index for an explanation of "valence bridges".

Similarly, the structure is considered to be a pentacyclo ring system have three six-membered carbocyclic rings, one five-membered hetero ring consisting of one ring oxygen and four ring carbons, and one six-membered ring consisting of one ring nitrogen and five ring carbons.

Betaine inner salts are sometimes shown as ring structures, etc.,

However, this is not a polycyclo ring system because nonionic bonding does not exist between the N and O atoms. The bonding between them is ionic and such as compound is classified as:

Additionally, a structure of the type:

is considered to be a polycyclo ring system composed of five rings:

C₄N—C₄O—C₄N—C₄O—C₁₂N₂O₂.

SPIRO AND SPIRO RING SYSTEM

These terms denote the sharing of one common ring member only by exactly two rings. The following two structures are illustrative:

A structure such as:

is excluded because the carbon atom shared by two rings is also shared by a third ring.

The common ring member must be attached to two ring members of each of the rings by nonionic bonding. Therefore, stuctures such as:

are also excluded from consideration as "spiro ring systems" because ionic bonding exists between the hetero ring atom and an acyclic atom (an oxygen atom in both of these cases) in the formation of these betaine inner salts. These structures will be considered and classified as:

TRICYCLO RING SYSTEM

This term denotes a polycyclo ring system which contains exactly three rings.

SUBCLASSES

1	DESIGNATED ORGANIC ACTIVE INGREDIENT CONTAINING (DOAI):
	Subject matter under Class 424 definition which contains a designated organic active ingredient, e.g., coal tar, coal tar oil, etc. (1) Note. See Class Definition, Glossary, for the definition of "DOAI". SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 731, for a composition containing creosote or a coal tar acid. 800, and 801-809, for art collections pertaining to subclasses 1-21. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 208,  Mineral Oils: Processes and Products,   subclass 2 for a coal tar or coal tar oil which has the property of killing, repelling or preventing the growth of insects, fungi or bacteria and the process of preparing same.

2	Peptide containing (e.g., protein, peptones, fibrinogen, etc.) DOAI:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 1.  Subject matter which contains a protein or its reaction product, e.g., peptides, peptones, fibrinogen, etc., wherein the protein molecule is not degraded to the constituent amino-acids. (1) Note. The term peptide unit used herein is intended to mean the group N-C-(=O) or beta-alanine. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 183+, for ergot. 192+, for penicillin. 200+, for cephalosporins. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 260,  Chemistry of Carbon Compounds,   subclass 112 for a protein, per se, of unknown structure and method of preparing same; and subclass 112.5 for a protein, per se, of known structure. 930,  Peptide or Protein Sequence,   subclasses 10+ for peptide or protein sequences or four or more amino acids.

3	Insulin or derivative:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 2.  Subject matter identical to the extract of the pancreas, known as insulin or a derivative thereof, in which neither a peptide chain nor a disulfide link between chains is broken. (1) Note. While the position and/or kind of amino acids in the chain(s) may vary (depending on the animal from which derived), it appears that insulin contains at least an "A" chain of 21 acid units linked by disulfide moieties to a "B". An additional disulfide moiety bridges the 6 and 11 positions of chain A. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 110, for an animal extract obtained from the pancreas. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 260,  Chemistry of Carbon Compounds,   subclass 112.5 for a polypeptide of known chemical structure, and subclass 112.7 for insulin, per se.

4	With an additional active ingredient:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 3.  Subject matter which contains insulin and an additional active ingredient. (1) Note. For the subclass an organic potentiator for insulin is considered an active ingredient.

5	Iodine containing:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 2.  Subject matter in which the peptide moiety contains iodine or the peptide moiety is reacted with or complexed to iodine containing compound. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 930,  Peptide or Protein Sequence,   subclass 22 for peptide or protein sequences containing an amino acid modified with a radioactive iodine and subclass 23 for sequences containing an amino acid modified with a regular iodine.

6	Heavy metal containing (e.g., hemoglobin, etc.):
	This subclass is indented under subclass 2.  Subject matter which contains a heavy metal atom. (1) Note. See Glossary for a definition of the term heavy metal. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 260,  Chemistry of Carbon Compounds,   subclasses 113+ for known polypeptide compound containing a heavy metal atom. 930,  Peptide or Protein Sequence,   subclass 25 for peptide or protein sequences containing an amino acid modified with a heavy metal.

7	Phosphorus containing:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 2.  Subject matter which contains phosphorus in the peptide compound.

8	Glycoprotein (carbohydrate containing):
	This subclass is indented under subclass 2.  Subject matter which contains a carbohydrate or derivative thereof attached to the peptide.

9	Cyclopeptide:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 2.  Subject matter wherein the amino acid chain forms a cyclic structure; said cyclo structures can be formed by peptide bonding, disulfide bonding, hydrocarbon bonding or other types of connection that define the cyclo structures as having at least a dipeptide as an integral part thereof. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 930,  Peptide or Protein Sequence,   subclass 260 for peptides or proteins with intrachain cysteine-cysteine bridges and subclass 270 for other cyclic peptides or proteins.

10	Bicyclic:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 9.  Subject matter wherein a compound has two cyclic groups containing an amino acid chain.

11	Monocyclic:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 9.  Subject matter wherein a compound has only one cyclic group containing an amino acid chain.

12	25 or more peptide repeating units in known peptide chain structure:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 2.  Subject matter wherein a peptide chain has 25 or more peptide units in an uninterrupted chain.

13	16 to 24 peptide repeating units in known peptide chain:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 2.  Subject matter which contains as uninterrupted peptide chain of 16 to 24 peptide units.

14	12 to 15 peptide repeating units in known peptide chain:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 2.  Subject matter which contains an uninterrupted peptide chain of 12 to 15 peptide units.

15	9 to 11 peptide repeating units in known peptide chain:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 2.  Subject matter which contains an uninterrupted peptide chain of 9 to 11 peptide units.

16	7 or 8 peptide repeating units in known peptide chain:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 2.  Subject matter which contains an uninterrupted peptide chain of 7 or 8 peptide units.

17	5 or 6 peptide repeating units in known peptide chain:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 2.  Subject matter which contains an uninterrupted peptide chain 5 or 6 peptide units.

18	3 or 4 peptide repeating units in known peptide chain:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 2.  Subject matter which contains an uninterrupted peptide chain of 3 or 4 peptide units.

19	2 peptide repeating units in known peptide chain:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 2.  Subject matter which contains an uninterrupted peptide chain of 2 peptide units.

20	Guanidine containing:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 19.  Subject matter wherein the peptide compound contains the guanidine group.

21	Produced by or extracted from animal tissue:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 2.  Subject matter which is derived from animal material. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 800, and 801-809, for art collections pertaining to subclasses 1-21.

22	Lignin or derivative DOAI:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 1.  Subject matter wherein the organic active ingredient is lignin or a reaction derivative thereof, e.g., lignin sulfonate, etc. (1) Note. Lignin is a noncarbohydrate, polymeric substance found in wood. It is isolated directly from wood or wood products or from the treatment of wood, e.g., waste sulfite liquor or black liquor. The structure of the lignin monomer is not completely known.

23	Carbohydrate (i.e., saccharide radical containing) DOAI:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 1.  Subject matter wherein the organic active ingredient is a saccharide or polysaccharide, the monomeric saccharide radical units of which contain at least five carbon atoms, or their reaction products wherein the carbon skeleton of the saccharide or polysaccharide of the unit is not destroyed. (1) Note. Included herein is cellulose, cellulose derivatives, starch, starch derivatives, tannins, O-glycosides, N-glycosides and S-glycosides. (2) Note. Alcohols and acids corresponding to carbohydrates are excluded. (3) Note. Cascara sagrada is excluded herefrom and is classified with plant extracts. See Search Notes below. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 251, for a composition containing riboflavin DOAI. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 424,  Drug, Bio-Affecting and Body Treating Compositions,   subclasses 725 through 779for plant extracts.

24	S-glycoside:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 23.  Subject matter wherein the saccharide is a thioacetal derivative of a cyclic form of sugars in which the hydrogen atom of the hemithioacetal sulfhydryl group has been replaced by an alkyl, aralkyl or aryl group. (1) Note. A S-glycoside is a compound having a sugar moiety connected to an aglycone moiety via sulfur. (2) Note. An aglycone is a noncarbohydrate material, e.g., benzene, indoxyl, alkyl, anthracene, etc. (3) Note. The cyclic sugars referred to in the definition are normally pyranoses or furanoses. (4) Note. Glycosides derived from aldoeses are referred to as aldosides, and those ketoses are ketosides.

25	O-glycoside:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 23.  Subject matter wherein the saccharide is an acetal derivative of a cyclic form of sugars in which the hydrogen atom of the hemiacetal hydroxyl has been replaced by an alkyl, aralkyl or aryl group. (1) Note. An O-glycoside is a compound having a sugar moiety connected to an aglycone moiety via oxygen.

26	Cyclopentanohydrophenanthrene ring system:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 25.  Subject matter wherein an aglycone moiety of the glycoside contains a cyclopentanohydrophenanthrene nucleus, i.e.,

27	Oxygen of the saccharide radical bonded directly to a nonsaccharide hetero ring or a polycyclo ring system which contains a nonsaccharide hetero ring:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 25.  Subject matter wherein a nonsaccharide hetero ring or a fused or bridged ring system which contains a nonsaccharide hetero ring is attached to an oxygen of the saccharide radical, e.g.,

28	The hetero ring has 8 or more ring carbons:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 27.  Subject mater wherein the nonsaccharide hetero ring has eight or more ring carbon members.

29	The hetero ring has exactly 13 ring carbons (e.g., erythromycin, etc.):
	This subclass is indented under subclass 28.  Subject matter wherein the nonsaccharide hetero ring has exactly 13 carbon atoms, e.g., erythromycin, etc.

30	The hetero ring has exactly 15 ring carbons:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 28.  Subject matter wherein the nonsaccharide hetero ring has exactly 15 carbon atoms.

31	The hetero ring has 20 or more ring carbons (e.g., nystatin, etc.):
	This subclass is indented under subclass 28.  Subject matter wherein the nonsaccharide hetero ring has 20 or more ring carbon atoms, e.g., nystatin, etc.

32	Oxygen of the saccharide radical bonded to a nonsaccharide hetero ring by acyclic carbon bonding:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 25.  Subject matter wherein a hetero ring or polycyclo ring system which contains a nonsaccharide hetero ring is directly linked to an oxygen of the saccharide radical directly through only acyclic carbon bonding, e.g.,

33	Oxygen of the saccharide radical bonded directly to a polyclo ring system of three or more carbocyclic rings:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 25.  Subject matter wherein the oxygen of the saccharide radical is directly bonded to a polycyclo ring system of three or more carbocyclic rings.

34	Oxygen of the saccharide radical bonded directly to a polycyclo ring system of four carbocyclic rings (e.g., daunomycin, etc.):
	This subclass is indented under subclass 33.  Subject matter wherein the oxygen of the saccharide radical is directly bonded to a polycyclo ring system of exactly four carbocyclic rings.

35	Oxygen of the saccharide radical bonded directly to a cyclohexyl ring:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 25.  Subject matter wherein a cyclohexyl radical is bonded directly to an oxygen of the saccharide radical, e.g.,

36	Two or more nitrogen atoms bonded directly to the cyclohexyl ring:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 35.  Subject matter wherein two or more nitrogen atoms are bonded directly to the cyclohexyl radical, e.g.,

37	The nitrogen atoms are in N-C(=N)-N groups (e.g, streptomycin, etc.):
	This subclass is indented under subclass 36.  Subject matter wherein all the nitrogen atoms which are bonded directly to the cyclohexyl group are part of a N-C(=N)-N group, e.g., , etc.

38	Two saccharide radicals bonded through only oxygen to adjacent ring carbons of the cyclohexyl ring:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 36.  Subject matter wherein the cyclohexyl radical is separately, independently and directly bonded through only oxygen of two saccharide radicals at adjacent ring carbons, e.g., , etc.

39	Three or more saccharide radicals (e.g., neomycin, etc.):
	This subclass is indented under subclass 38.  Subject matter wherein the cyclohexyl radical is bonded directly or indirectly to three or more saccharide radicals, e.g., , etc.

40	Two saccharide radicals bonded through only oxygen to 4- and 6- positions of the cyclohexyl ring:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 36.  Subject matter wherein the cyclohexyl radical is separately, independently and directly bonded through only oxygen of two saccharide radicals at the 4- and 6- position carbons of the cyclohexyl ring, e.g., , etc.

41	Kanamycin or derivative:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 40.  Subject matter wherein the organic active ingredient is Kanamycin or a derivative thereof, i.e., as illustrated below, wherein R is NH2 and R" is NH2 or OH. Kanosamin, deoxystreptamine

42	N-glycoside:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 23.  Subject matter wherein the saccharide is a glycosidic derivative or the cyclic form of saccharides or polysaccharides in which an aglycone portion is attached through nitrogen to the saccharide moiety by substituting it for the hemiacetal hydroxyl of the sugar. (1) Note. The aglycone can be noncyclic.

43	Nitrogen containing hetero ring:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 42.  Subject matter wherein the aglycone portion contains a nitrogen containing hetero ring.

44	Polynucleotide (e.g., RNA, DNA, etc.):
	This subclass is indented under subclass 43.  Subject matter which has the following structure, illustrated below, wherein n is a whole number equal or greater than two, R" is H or OH and R" is purine or pyrimidine or a substituted purine or pyrimidine. (1) Note. Substituted pyrimidine or purine includes only those derivatives which are substituted on rather than in the respective ring position, i.e., illustrated below, is present in the structure. The internal ring bonding may be altered by tautomerism or by the addition of substituents without excluding a compound from this subclass. Or SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 536,  Organic Compounds,   appropriate subclasses for nucleosides, nucleotides and polynucleotides like RNA or DNA compounds as well as chemical methods for synthesizing these compounds. Search specifically subclasses 23.1+ for fragments of DNA which could have utility in recombinant processes or gene therapy and subclasses 26.4+ for vitamin B-12 and its derivatives.

45	Purines (including hydrogenated) (e.g., adenine, guanine, etc.):
	This subclass is indented under subclass 43.  Subject matter wherein the hetero ring is a purine, as illustrated below, or substituted purine.

46	Adenosine or derivative:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 45.  Subject matter wherein the compound is adenosine, illustrated below, or derivative thereof.

47	Phosphorus containing:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 46.  Subject matter wherein the adenosine or derivative thereof contains phosphorus.

48	Phosphorus containing:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 45.  Subject matter wherein the purine compound contains phosphorus.

49	Pyrimidines (including hydrogenated) (e.g., cytosine, etc.):
	This subclass is indented under subclass 43.  Subject matter wherein the hetero ring is a pyrimidine, as illustrated below, or substituted pyrimidine. (1) Note. The structure below shows the position numbering used for 1, 3-diazines.

50	2, 4-diketone pyrimidine or derivative (e.g., uracil, etc.):
	This subclass is indented under subclass 49.  Subject matter wherein oxygen atoms are directly double bonded to the 2 and 4 positions of the pyrimidine ring, e.g., , etc.

51	Phosphorus containing:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 50.  Subject matter wherein the 2, 4-diketone pyrimidine compound contains phosphorus.

52	Phosphorus containing (e.g., vitamin B12, etc.):
	This subclass is indented under subclass 43.  Subject matter which contains phosphorus.

53	Disaccharide:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 23.  Subject matter wherein the organic active ingredient contains two saccharide radicals bonded via a glycosidic linkage and which on hydrolysis yields two units of monosaccharides (e.g., sucrose, lactose, maltose, etc.).

54	Polysaccharide
	This subclass is indented under subclass 23.  Subject matter wherein the organic active ingredient contains more than two saccharide radicals directly or indirectly bonded together.

55	Chitin or derivative:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 54.  wherein the polysaccharide has the following repeating units: Repeating unit of chitin.

56	Heparin or derivative:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 54.  Subject matter wherein the polysaccharide has the following repeating unit, illustrated below, wherein the degree of sulfation of the individual components in the polysaccharide chain, and derivatives thereof. (1) Note. Heparin is a substance which can be found in various tissues of mammals, especially the lung, spleen, liver and muscle, and has been used medicinally for coagulation of blood and metabolism of lipids.

57	Cellulose or derivative:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 54.  Subject matter wherein the polysaccharide consists of repeating glucose units having the following structure:

58	Dextrin or derivative:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 54.  Subject matter wherein the polysaccharide consists of various gummy polysaccharides produced by thermal or acid degradation of starch, and derivatives of such compounds. (1) Note. Dextrins are carbohydrates, intermediate between starch and sugars. Degradation of dextrins yields maltose and glucose. (2) Note. Derivatives of dextrins which remain gummy polysaccharides are classified herein.

59	Dextran or derivative:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 54.  wherein the polysaccharide is composed of D-glucose units which are linked by 1, 6 glucosidic bonds. (1) Note. Dextrin and dextrine are not variant spelling of "Dextran", instead they are respectively a starch hydrolysis product and a variant spelling of dextrin. (2) Note. Controlled hydrolysis of native dextran yields clinical dextran of lower molecular weight which is useful as a blood plasma substitute.

60	Starch or derivative:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 54.  Subject matter wherein the polysaccharide has amylose and amylopectin as their main components. (1) Note. Starches are heterogeneous in that the amylose and amylopectin occur in different ratios to each other. (2) Note. Starches yield dextrins upon extensive thermal of acid degradation and yield glucose upon completed hydrolysis.

61	Tri- or tetrasaccharide:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 23.  Subject matter wherein a glucose moiety is substituted with one or more amino groups, or derivative thereof.

62	Silicon containing DOAI:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 23.  Subject matter wherein a glucose moiety is substituted with one or more amino groups, or derivative thereof.

63	Silicon containing DOAI:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 1.  Subject matter in which the organic active ingredient contains silicon.

64	Boron containing DOAI:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 1.  in which the organic active ingredient contains boron.

65	Pyrethrum plant derived material or plant derive rotenone compound containing DOAI:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 1.  Subject matter which contains pyrethrum plant derived material or plant derived rotenone compound containing material, e.g., ground pyrethrum flowers or extract of cube root or derris root, etc. (1) Note. This subclass does not contain chemically identified derivatives of naturally occurring pyrethrum plant derived material or plant derived rotenone containing material since such derivatives are classified on the basis of the chemical structure. (2) Note. Synthetically produced active compounds which would be identical with the active constituents of pyrethrum or rotenone containing plant such as derris root, cube root are not classified herein but are classified of the chemical structure of the synthetically produced compound. See, for example, subclass 531 for allethrins. (3) Note. The active constituents of pyrethrum includes pyrethrins I and II, cinerins I and II and jasmolins I and II.

66	With heterocyclic compound:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 65.  Subject matter which contains a heterocyclic compound in addition to the pyrethrum derived material or plant derived rotenone compound.

67	Methlenedioxyphenyl group containing (e.g., piperonyl butoxide, etc.):
	This subclass is indented under subclass 66.  Subject matter which contains methylenedioxyphenyl group, e.g., , etc.

68	With carboxylic acid ester:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 65.  Subject matter which contains a carboxylic acid ester in addition to the pyrethrum derived material or plant derived rotenone compound.

69	With carboxylic acid metal salt:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 65.  Subject matter which contains a carboxylic acid metal salt in addition to the pyrethrum derived material or plant derived rotenone compound.

70	With organic nitrogen containing compound:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 65.  Subject matter which contains a nitrogen containing organic compound in addition to the pyrethrum derived material or plant derived rotenone compound.

71	Sulfur containing organic nitrogen compound:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 70.  Subject matter wherein the nitrogen containing organic compound contains sulfur.

72	With organic oxygen containing compound:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 65.  Subject matter which contains oxygen containing organic compound in addition to the pyrethrum derived material or plant derived rotenone compound.

73	Phosphorus or halogen containing organic oxygen compound:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 72.  Subject matter wherein the oxygen containing organic compound contains phosphorus or halogen.

74	With hydrocarbon or halohydrocarbon:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 65.  Subject matter which contains hydrocarbon or halohydrocarbon in addition to the pyrethrum derived material or plant derived rotenone compound.

75	Phosphorus containing other than solely as part of an inorganic ion in an addition salt DOAI:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 1.  Subject matter wherein the organic active ingredient contains a phosphorus atom. (1) Note. Inorganic phosphorus salts of the organic active ingredient are excluded herefrom and classified with the active moiety.

76	Amine addition salt of organic phosphorus containing acid:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 75.  Subject matter wherein the organic active ingredient is an amine addition salt of the phosphorus compound, wherein said salt forming group is the nitrogen atom of said amine, e.g., , etc.

77	Inner salt (e.g., betaine, etc.):
	This subclass is indented under subclass 75.  Subject matter wherein the organic active ingredient is an inner salt, e.g., , etc.

78	Lecithins:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 77.  Subject matter wherein the inner salt contains the following structurewherein R is an organic radical. , etc.

79	Nitrogen containing hetero ring:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 75.  Subject matter in which the organo-phosphorus compound contains a heterocyclic ring containing nitrogen as a hetero atom.

80	Polycyclo ring system having a ring nitrogen in the system:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 79.  Subject matter in which the organo-phosphorus compound contains a polycyclo ring system (bridged or fused), e.g., , etc.

81	Nonshared hetero atoms in at least two rings of the polycyclo ring system:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 80.  Subject matter in which the organo-phosphorus compound contains a polycyclo ring system which contains nonshared hetero atoms in at least two rings of the polycyclo ring systems, e.g., , etc.

82	Quinolinyl or isoquinolinyl (including hydrogenated):
	This subclass is indented under subclass 80.  Subject matter in which the organo-phosphorus compound contains a quinolinyl or isoquinolinyl group, (including hydrogenated).

83	Hetero ring is three-membered consisting of one nitrogen and two carbons:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 79.  Subject matter in which the organo-phosphorus compound contains a three-membered heterocyclic ring which contains one nitrogen and two carbons.

84	Hetero ring is six-membered consisting of three nitrogens and three carbons:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 79.  Subject matter in which the organo-phosphorus compound contains a six-membered heterocyclic ring which consists of three nitrogens and three carbons.

85	Hetero ring is six-membered consisting of two nitrogens and four carbons:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 79.  Subject matter in which the organo-phosphorus compound contains a six-membered heterocyclic ring which consists of two nitrogens and four carbons.

86	Nitrogen atoms occupy 1 and 3- positions:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 85.  Subject matter wherein the nitrogen atoms are at the 1- and 3- position of the six member ring, i.e., 1, 3-diazines.

87	PX- bonded directly to 1, 3-diazine at 2-position (X is chalcogen):
	This subclass is indented under subclass 86.  Subject matter in which a PX- is bonded directly to the 1,3-diazine at the 2-position. (X is chalcogen), e.g., , etc.

88	Two or more PX- groups attached to the same 1,3-diazine (X is chalcogen):
	This subclass is indented under subclass 86.  in which at least two PX"s are bonded directly to the 1,3-diazine moiety, e.g., , etc.

89	Hetero ring is six-membered and includes only one ring nitrogen:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 79.  Subject matter in which the organo-phosphorus compound contains a heterocyclic ring which has six members and includes only one therein, e.g., , etc.

90	Chalcogen in the six-membered hetero ring:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 89.  Subject matter in which the organo-phosphorus compound contains a six-membered heterocyclic ring which also contains a chalcogen atom as well as the nitrogen, e.g., , etc.

91	Hetero ring is five-membered:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 79.  Subject matter in which the organo-phosphorus compound contains a heterocyclic moiety which has five members.

92	Two or more hetero atoms in the five-membered ring:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 91.  Subject matter in which the organo-phosphorus compound contains a five-membered heterocyclic moiety which contains two or more hetero atoms.

93	Triazoles (including hydrogenated):
	This subclass is indented under subclass 92.  Subject matter in which the organo-phosphorus compound contains a five-membered heterocyclic moiety which consists of three nitrogens and two carbons.

94	Diazoles (including hydrogenated):
	This subclass is indented under subclass 92.  Subject matter in which the organo-phosphorus compound contains a five-membered heterocyclic moiety which contains two nitrogens and three carbons.

95	Sulfur containing hetero ring:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 75.  Subject matter in which the organo-phosphorus compound contains a heterocyclic ring which contains at least one sulfur atom as a ring member.

96	Polycyclo ring system having the hetero ring as one of the cyclos:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 95.  Subject matter in which the organo-phosphorus compound contains a bridged or fused ring system which has a heterocyclic sulfur containing ring as one of the cyclos.

97	Two or more sulfurs in the hetero ring:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 95.  Subject matter in which the organo-phosphorus compound contains at least two sulfur atoms as ring members.

98	Oxygen in the hetero ring:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 95.  Subject matter in which the organo-phosphorus compound contains a heterocyclic ring which contains at least one sulfur atom and at least one oxygen atom as ring members.

99	Oxygen containing hetero ring:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 75.  Subject matter in which the organo-phosphorus compound contains at least one oxygen atom as a ring member.

100	Polycyclo ring system having the hetero ring as one of the cyclos:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 99.  Subject matter in which the organo-phosphorus compound contains a fused or bridged ring system which contains a heterocyclic oxygen-containing ring as one of the cyclos.

101	Two or more oxygen in the hetero ring:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 99.  Subject matter in which the organo-phosphorus compound contains a heterocyclic ring which contains at least two oxygen atoms as ring members.

102	Two or more phosphorus atoms directly or indirectly bonded together by only covalent bonds:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 75.  Subject matter in which the organo-phosphorus compound contains at least two nonionically bonded phosphorus atoms. (1) Note. Organic phosphorus salts and complexes of a phosphorus containing compound and other compounds are excluded unless the phosphorus containing moiety has at least two nonionically bonded phosphorus atoms, e.g., , etc.

103	Phosphorus acid ester of polyhydric alcohol or thioalcohol(e.g., P-X-R-X-P group, etc., wherein X is chalcogen and R is the residue of the polyhydric alcohol or thioalcohol):
	This subclass is indented under subclass 102.  Subject matter in which the organo-phosphorus compound is a phosphorus acid ester of a polyhydric alcohol or thioalcohol, e.g., P-X-(R) XP group, etc., wherein X is chalcogen and R is the residue of a polyhydric alcohol.

104	Benzene ring in the alcohol moiety:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 103.  Subject matter in which the polyphosphorus compound corresponds to the structure -P-X-(R)-X-P-, wherein R is the residue of a polyhydric alcohol which is aromatic in nature (i.e., contains a benzene ring and wherein X is chalcogen).

105	Phosphorus is part of a ring:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 102.  Subject matter in which a phosphorus atom is part of a ring, e.g., , etc.

106	P-O-P or P-S-P containing (e.g., anhydrides, etc.):
	This subclass is indented under subclass 102.  Subject matter which contains a polyphosphorus compound wherein two phosphorus atoms are linked to each other through a single oxygen or sulfur (i.e., P-O-P OR P-S-P).

107	Benzene ring containing:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 102.  Subject matter in which the phosphorus compound contains a benzene ring.

108	Acyclic and contains at least one carbon atom between the phosphorus atoms:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 102.  Subject matter in which the phosphorus compound is acyclic and contains at least one carbon between the phosphorus atoms.

109	P-X-X containing (X is chalcogen):
	This subclass is indented under subclass 75.  Subject matter in which the organo-phosphorus compound has a single phosphorus atom linked directly to a chalcogen atom which in turn is linked directly to another chalcogen atom, e.g., as illustrated below, wherein X is chalcogen. , etc.

110	Phosphorus is part of a ring:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 75.  Subject matter in which the organo-phosphorus compound contains the phosphorus atom as part of a ring, e.g., , etc.

111	Polycyclo ring system having the phosphorus containing ring as one of the cyclos:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 110.  Subject matter in which the organo-phosphorus compound contains a fused ring system or bridged ring system of which the phosphorus containing ring is a part, e.g., , etc.

112	Cyano or isocyano containing:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 75.  Subject matter in which the organo-phosphorus compound contains at least one nitrile or isonitrile radical bonded to a carbon.

113	Cyano or isocyano bonded directly to a benzene ring:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 1.  Subject matter in which the nitrile or isonitrile radical bonded to a benzene ring.

114	Nitrogen, other than nitro or nitroso, bonded indirectly to phosphorus:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 75.  Subject matter in which the organo-phosphorus compound contains a nitrogen, other than nitro or nitroso, which is not directly bonded to the phosphorus atom, e.g., , etc.

115	N-C(=X)-N containing (S is chalcogen):
	This subclass is indented under subclass 114.  Subject matter in which the organo-phosphorus compound contains the radical NN wherein X is chalcogen.

116	Sulfur single bonded directly to nitrogen:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 114.  Subject matter in which the organo-phosphorus compound contains a sulfur atom which is directly bonded to a nitrogen by a single bond.

117	N-(=O)S(=O) containing (i.e., sulfonamides):
	This subclass is indented under subclass 116.  Subject matter in which the organo-phosphorus compound contains the sulfonamido group, e.g., , etc.

118	Phosphorus single bonded directly to nitrogen:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 114.  Subject matter in which the organo-phosphorus compound contains a nitrogen which is directly bonded to a phosphorus atom by a single bond, e.g., , etc.

119	C(=O)N containing:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 114.  Subject matter in which the organo-phosphorus compound contains an amido group, e.g., , etc.

120	C=O other than as ketone or aldehyde, attached directly or indirectly to phosphorus:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 75.  Subject matter in which the organo-phosphorus compound contains a carbonyl group, other than as ketone or aldehyde, e.g., , etc.

121	Plural C=O groups, other than as ketone or aldehyde:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 120.  Subject matter wherein the organo-phosphorus compound contains two C=O groups which are other than a ketone or aldehyde, e.g., , etc.

122	Malathion:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 121.  Subject matter wherein the organo-phosphorus compound is malathion, i.e., , etc.

123	With N-C(=O)-O containing compound:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 122.  Subject matter wherein another compound is present, along with malathion, which has the N(C=O)-O group therein, e.g., , etc.

124	C=O, other than as ketone or aldehyde, attached to a benzene ring:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 120.  Subject Matter wherein the organo-phosphorus compound contains a C=O group other than as ketone or aldehyde attached directly to a benzene ring, e.g., , etc.

125	Ketone or aldehyde containing:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 75.  Subject matter wherein the organo-phosphorus compound contains at least one carbonyl group in the form of an aldehyde or ketone.

126	Sulfur not bonded directly to phosphorus:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 126.  Subject matter in which the organo-phosphorus compound contains sulfur and wherein said sulfur is not bonded directly to the phosphorus atom.

127	Thioether, sulfoxide or sulfone:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 126.  Subject matter in which the organo-phosphorus compound contains sulfur in the form of a thioether, sulfoxide or sulfone group. (1) Note. This subclass contains the groups: C-S-C; C- C, and C- C

128	Sulfur bonded directly to a benzene ring:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 127.  Subject matter wherein the sulfur is directly bonded to a carbon of a benzene ring.

129	Oxygen bonded directly to a carbon or hydrogen and wherein the oxygen is not bonded directly to phosphorus:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 75.  Subject matter wherein the organo-phosphorus compound contains an oxygen which is bonded directly to a carbon or hydrogen and wherein the oxygen is not bonded to phosphorus, e.g ., , etc.

130	The oxygen is bonded directly to a benzene ring:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 129.  Subject matter wherein the oxygen therein is directly bonded to a benzene ring.

131	Nitro group bonded to a carbon:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 75.  Subject matter wherein the organo-phosphorus compound contains at least one nitro substituent bonded to a carbon.

132	Nitro group is directly bonded to a benzene ring which benzene ring is either bonded directly bonded to phosphorus or indirectly bonded to phosphorus through a chalcogen:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 131.  Subject matter wherein the nitro is directly attached to a benzene ring which is directly bonded to phosphorus, or indirectly bonded to phosphorus through a chalcogen, e.g., , etc.

133	Two or more such benzene rings:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 132.  Subject matter wherein two or more such nitro substituted benzene rings are present.

134	Acyclic carbon to carbon unsaturation:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 75.  Subject matter wherein the organo-phosphorus compound has at least one unsaturated group between adjacent carbon atoms and wherein said unsaturation is present other than as an aromatic compound, e.g., , etc.

135	Alkyne
	This subclass is indented under subclass 134.  Subject matter wherein the unsaturation is in the form of a triple bond, e.g., , etc.

136	Phosphate ester having three ester groups (e.g., DDVP, etc.):
	This subclass is indented under subclass 134.  Subject matter wherein the organo-phosphorus compound is a triester of otho-phosphoric acid, e.g., as illustrated below, or sulfur analog thereof, etc.

137	Nitrogen bonded directly to phosphorus:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 75.  Subject matter wherein the organo-phosphorus compound has at least one phosphorus to nitrogen bond. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 118, when another nitrogen atom other than nitro or nitroso is present in the molecule which nitrogen is not directly bonded to phosphorus.

138	N-P-N or N-N-P containing:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 137.  Subject matter wherein the organo-phosphorus compound has a N-P-N or N-N-P chain therein.

139	Phosphorus bonded directly to halogen:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 75.  Subject matter wherein the organo-phosphorus compound has at least one phosphorus to halogen bond.

140	(C)(R)P=X(-XC) containing (i.e., phosphinate) (X is chalcogen; R is C or H):
	This subclass is indented under subclass 75.  Subject matter in which the organo-phosphorus compound is an ester of phosphinic acid, illustrated below, wherein R and R" are organic radicals and X is chalcogen.

141	(CX-) (C) P=X (XH) OR (CX-) (R) P=X (XC) containing (e.g., phosphonate, etc.):
	This subclass is indented under subclass 75.  Subject matter in which the organo-phosphorus compound is an ester of phosphonic acid, illustrated below, wherein R is an organic radical and X is chalcogen.

142	(CX-)(C)P(C),(CX-)(RX-)P (C), (CX-) P (XH)(XH or (CX-)P(-XR) containing (X is chalcogen: R is C or H) (e.g., phosphinite, phosphonite, phosphite, etc.):
	This subclass is indented under subclass 75.  Subject matter in which the organo-phosphorus compound is (a) an ester or phosphinous acid (i.e., first illustration below), (b) an ester of phosphonous acid, as in the second illustration, below, or (c) an ester of phosphorus acid, as in the third illustration, below, wherein R or R in any of the above formulas is an organic radical and X is chalcogen.

143	Ester or (HX) P=X (XH) (XH) (X is chalcogen) (e.g., phosphate, etc.):
	This subclass is indented under subclass 775.  Subject matter in which the organo-phosphorus compound is an ester of an acid whose structural formula is, as illustrated below, wherein X is chalcogen.

144	Triester:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 143.  Subject matter which the organo-phosphorus compound is a triester of orthophosphoric acid, illustrated below, wherein X is chalcogen.

145	Three benzene rings bonded directly to chalcogen:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 144.  Subject matter wherein the organo-phosphorus compound has three benzene rings attached directly to chalcogens which are bonded directly to a single phosphorus atom. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 146, for the compound, illustrated below, which is considered to have only two benzene rings attached to chalcogens which are bonded directly to phosphorus.

146	Two benzene rings bonded directly to chalcogen:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 144.  Subject matter wherein the organo-phosphorus compound has at least two benzene rings attached directly to chalcogens which are bonded to a single phosphorus atom. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 147, for the compound, illustrated below, which is considered to have only one benzene ring bonded to chalcogen which is bonded directly to phosphorus.

147	One benzene ring bonded directly to chalcogen:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 144.  Subject matter wherein the organo-phosphorus compound has one benzene ring attached directly to a chalcogen which is directly bonded to a phosphorus atom.

148	Diester:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 143.  Subject matter wherein the organo-phosphorus compound has the formula, illustrated below, wherein R is an organic radical and X is chalcogen.

149	Azoxy DOAI:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 1.  Subject matter wherein the active DOAI contains the azoxy group, i.e., -N(O)=N-, wherein each nitrogen is bonded directly to carbon. (1) Note. Subject matter containing a -N=N- groups as part of a ring is classified in subclass 183. (2) Note. The azoxy group may also be represented as shown below.

150	Acyclic nitrogen double bonded to acyclic nitrogen, acyclic nitrogen triple bonded to acyclic nitrogen or azide DOAI:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 1.  Subject matter wherein the active DOAI contains an acyclic nitrogen which is double or triple bonded to another acyclic nitrogen, i.e., -N=N- or --ANION, as illustrated below, (diazonium) or azide, etc. e.g., SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 183, for a -N=N- group as part of a hetero ring.

151	Acyclic C-N=N-N containing:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 150.  Subject matter wherein the active ingredient contains the C-N=N-N grouping e.g., ,etc. (1) Note. Subject matter which contains -N=N-N- as part of a ring is classified in subclass 183.

152	3,10-dihydroxy-2-naphthacene carboxamide or derivative (e.g., tetracycline, etc.) DOAI:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 1.  Subject matter which contains an active DOAI which has the 3,10 dihydroxy-2-naphthacenecarboxamide nucleus, e.g., (tetracycline), ,etc.

153	With stabilizer or preservative:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 152.  Subject matter wherein an additional agent is present which is disclosedas a stabilizer or preservative for the 3,10-dihydroxy-2-naphthacenecarboxamide compound.

154	With an additional active ingredient (excludes reaction product or complex):
	This subclass is indented under subclass 152.  Subject matter which contain a compound and an additional active ingredient. (1) Note. Reaction products, complexes and mixtures comprising two or moreactive compounds which havethe 3,10-dihydroxy-2-naphthacenecarboxamide nucleus are included herein.

155	Para-N-benzene - sulfoxy-N containing DOAI, and said benzene ring is not part of a polycyclo ring system:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 1.  Subject matter which contains a DOAI which has the structural group, as illustrated below and no ring of any type is fused onto the benzene nucleus, e.g., sulfanilamide, p-nitrobenzenesulfonylhydrazone, etc. Or

156	Hetero ring containing:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 155.  Subject matter wherein the active ingredient having at least one group, shown in the first illustration below, also contains a heterocyclic group, e.g., sulfapyridine, shown in the second illustration, below. ,etc.

157	The hetero ring is six-membered and includes at least two nitrogens and no other hetero atoms:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 156.  Subject matter wherein the heterocyclic ring has six members and includes at least two nitrogen and no other hetero atoms.

158	The hetero ring is five-membered:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 156.  Subject matter wherein the heterocyclic group has five members, e.g., sulfamoxole, ,etc.

159	Ortho-hydroxybenzoic acid (i.e., salicylic acid) or derivative DOAI:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 1.  Subject matter wherein the organic active ingredient contains salicylic acid as shown in the first illustration, below, or a derivative thereof which contains the moiety, as shown in the second illustration, below, said derivative being other than another ring fused onto the benzoic acid moiety or the ortho-hydroxybenzoic acid salts of a bioactive organic compound. (1) Note. This subclass includes ring structures derived from the carboxy and hydroxyl moieties. (2) Note. The ortho-hydroxybenzoic acid salts of organic compounds are excluded herefrom and are classified in the appropriate subclasses below based on the bioactive compound.

160	With additional ortho-hydroxybenzoic acid compound:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 159.  Subject matter wherein two or more bioactive organic compounds each having the moiety are present. (1) Note. The combination of salicylic acid and a salt thereof is in this subclass.

161	With heterocyclic compound:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 159.  Subject matter wherein a heterocyclic compound is present in addition to the salicylic acid compound.

162	With organic nitrogen containing compound:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 159.  Subject matter wherein an organic nitrogen compound is present in addition to the salicylic acid compound.

163	With carboxylic acid, ester or metal salt thereof:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 159.  Subject matter wherein a carboxylic acid, ester or metal salt thereof is present in addition to the salicylic acid compound.

164	With organic oxygen containing compound:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 159.  Subject matter wherein an organic oxygen compound is present in addition to the salicylic acid compound.

165	Aspirin, per se, (i.e., 2-(acetyloxy) benzoic acid):
	This subclass is indented under subclass 159.  Subject matter wherein the organic active ingredient is 2-(acetyloxy benzoic acid):

166	Nitrogen containing (e.g., anilides, etc.):
	This subclass is indented under subclass 159.  Subject matter wherein the salicylic acid compound contains nitrogen, e.g., anilides, etc.

167	9,10-seco cyclopentanohydrophenanthrene ring system (e.g., vitamin D, etc.) DOAI:
	Subject matter under subclass wherein the organic active ingredient contains a 9, 10-seco-cyclopentanohydrophenanthrene nucleus, i.e., (1) Note. Such terms as "activated ergosterol", vitamin D, ergocalciferol, cholecalciferol and antirachitic vitamin will suffice for classification of an active ingredient in this subclass.

168	With a vitamin type active ingredient:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 167.  Subject matter wherein an additional vitamin type active compound is present in addition to the 9, 10 seco-cyclopentanohydrophenanthrene compound, e.g., vitamin A, etc.

169	Cyclopentanohydrophenanthrene ring system DOAI:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 1.  Subject matter wherein the organic active ingredient has the cyclopentanohydrophenanthrene nucleus, illustrated below, and may contain double bond between its members. (1) Note. Included herein is lanolin as the active ingredient.

170	Plural compounds containing cyclopentanohydrophenanthrene ring systems:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 169.  Subject matter wherein two or more bioactive compounds are present each of which contains the cyclopentanohydrophenanthrene ring system.

171	With additional active ingredient:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 169.  Subject matter wherein an organic bioactive ingredient is present in addition to the cyclopentanohydrophenanthrene ring containing compound.

172	Hetero ring containing:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 169.  Subject matter wherein the cyclopentanohydrophenanthrene ring containing compound contains a heterocyclic ring. Included herein are: and , etc.

173	Spiro ring system:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 172.  Subject matter wherein a spiro ring is attached directly or indirectly to a carbon of the cyclopentanohydrophenanthrene nucleus.

174	-O-C-O- is part of a hetero ring (e.g., acetonide, etc.):
	This subclass is indented under subclass 172.  Subject matter wherein an -O-C-O- containing hetero ring is attached or fused to the cyclopentanohydrophenanthrene nucleus.

175	-C(=O)-O- is part of a hetero ring (e.g., lactone, etc.):
	This subclass is indented under subclass 172.  Subject matter wherein -O-C(=O)- is part of the hetero ring attached or fused to the cyclopentanohydrophenanthrene nucleus.

176	Nitrogen containing hetero ring:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 172.  Subject matter wherein the hetero ring contains at least one nitrogen atom.

177	Oxygen double bonded to a ring carbon or the cyclopentanohydrophenanthrene ring system:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 169.  Subject matter wherein a nuclear carbon of the cyclopentanohydrophenanthrene nucleus is bonded to an oxygen atom through a double bond (C=O).

178	Oxygen single bonded to a ring carbon of the cyclopentanohydrophenanthrene ring system:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 177.  Subject matter wherein one nuclear carbon of the cyclopentanohydrophenanthrene nucleus is bonded to an oxygen through a double bond and wherein another nuclear carbon atom of said cyclopentanohydrophenanthrene is bonded to at least one other oxygen through a single bond as, e.g., ether, hydroxy or alcoholate, etc.

179	Modified C-ring (except methyl in 13-position) (e.g., double bond containing substituted, etc.):
	This subclass is indented under subclass 178.  Subject matter wherein the C-ring of the cyclopentanohydrophenanthrene ring system contains a double bond or is substituted, other than -CH3 in 13-position, i.e., 18-methyl. (1) Note. For the purpose of this classification, the C-ring is defined as including positions 8, 9, 11, 12, 13, and 14. (2) Note. See subclass 169 for the numbering system of a cyclopentanohydrophenanthrene nucleus. (3) Note. This subclass contains for example: ,etc.

180	9-position substituted:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 179.  Subject matter wherein the cyclopentanohydrophenanthrene is substituted.

181	21-position substituted:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 178.  Subject matter wherein the carbon in the 21 position is directly bonded to an atom other than carbon or hydrogen. (1) Note. This subclass contains, for example: , etc.

182	Oxygen singly bonded to a ring carbon of the cyclopentanohydrophenanthrene ring system:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 169.  Subject matter wherein a nuclear carbon of the cyclopentanohydrophenanthrene nucleus is bonded to an oxygen through a single bond Cholestrol.

183	Heterocyclic carbon compounds containing a hetero ring having chalcogen (i.e., O, S, Se, or Te) or nitrogen as the only ring hetero atoms DOAI:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 1.  Subject matter which includes a compound containing a ring composed of carbon and at least one element from the group consisting of nitrogen, sulfur, selenium, tellurium and oxygen as DOAI. (1) Note. Excluded herefrom are those carbon compounds wherein the only heterocyclic nucleus present is produced by salt formation between amino and acid groups, e.g., betaines, which are placed with the corresponding open chain compounds, particularly subclass 556.

184	Heavy metal-containing (including salts):
	This subclass is indented under subclass 183.  Subject matter in which the heterocyclic compound includes a heavy metal. (1) Note. This subclass includes salts.

185	Polycyclo ring system:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 184.  Subject matter wherein the heterocyclic compound which includes a heavy metal is a part of a fused ring or bridged ring system.

186	Bicyclo ring system:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 185.  Subject matter wherein the polycyclo system comprises only two rings.

187	Quinolines or isoquinolines (including hydrogenated):
	This subclass is indented under subclass 186.  Subject matter in which the bicyclo forms a quinoline or isoquinoline ring or hydrogenated forms thereof, e.g., ,etc.

188	Hetero ring is six-membered consisting of one nitrogen and five carbons:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 184.  Subject matter wherein the heterocyclic ring consists of five carbons and one nitrogen.

189	Tin:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 184.  Subject matter wherein the heavy metal is tin.

190	Mercury:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 184.  Subject matter wherein the heavy metal is mercury.

191	Aluminum (including salts):
	This subclass is indented under subclass 184.  Subject matter in which the heterocyclic compound includes aluminum. (1) Note. This subclass includes salts.

192	1-thia-4-aza-bicyclo (3.2.0.) heptane ring containing (including dehydrogenated) e.g., penicillins, etc.):
	This subclass is indented under subclass 183.  Subject matter wherein the heterocyclic compound contains a 1-thia- 4- aza-bicyclo (3.2.0) heptane ring system having the following structure, and may contain a double bond between ring members, e.g., penicillins, etc. (1) Note. The Ring Index uses a different system for numbering the ring members. However, in the indents hereunder which refer to positions, the numbers shown in the definition are employed. (2) Note. Patents reciting broadly "penicillins," "penicillin type," or "penicillin drugs" are placed herein. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 435,  Chemistry: Molecular Biology and Microbiology,   subclass 43 for processes of producing penicillin by microbial fermentation. 540,  Organic Compounds,   subclasses 304+ for a penicillin compound, per se.

193	Spiro or addition polycyclo ring system:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 192.  Subject matter which contains a spiro ring system, or an additional polycyclo ring system.

194	6,6-di-substituted:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 192.  Subject matter wherein the bicyclo heptane ring system contains two substituents other than hydrogen in 6-position.

195	3-position substituent contains -COOC- group:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 192.  Subject matter wherein a substituent in 3-position of the bicyclo heptane ring system contains a -COOC- group, e.g., ester, etc.

196	6-position substituent contains hetero ring:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 192.  Subject matter wherein a substituent in 6-position of the bicyclo heptane ring system contains a hetero ring.

197	6-position substituent contains carbocyclic ring:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 192.  Subject matter wherein a substituent in 6-position of the bicyclo heptane ring system contains a carbocyclic ring.

198	Ampicillin, per se, or salt thereof:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 197.  Subject matter wherein the heterocyclic compound is ampicillin having the following structure, illustrated below, or salt thereof.

199	Penicillin G, per se, or salt thereof (e.g., procaine penicillin G, etc.):
	This subclass is indented under subclass 197.  Subject matter wherein the heterocyclic compound is penicillin G or salt thereof, e.g., ,etc.

200	1-thia-5-aza-bicyclo (4.2.0) octane ring containing (including dehydrogenated) (e.g., cephalosporins, etc.):
	This subclass is indented under subclass 183.  Subject matter wherein the heterocyclic compound contains a 1-thia-5-aza-bicyclo (4.2.0.) octane ring system having the following structure, illustrated below, and may contain double bond between ring members, e.g., cephalosporin, etc. (1) Note. The Ring Index uses a different system for numbering the ring members. However, in the indents hereunder which refer to positions, the numbers shown in the definition are employed.

201	7,7-di-substituted:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 200.  Subject matter wherein the bicyclo octane ring system contains two substituents other than hydrogen in 7-position.

202	Addition hetero ring:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 200.  Subject matter wherein the bicyclo octane ring system contains an additional hetero ring.

203	3-Position substituent contains pyridine ring:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 202.  Subject matter wherein a substituent in 3-position of the bicyclo octane ring system contains a pyridine ring.

204	3-position substituent contains sulfur:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 202.  Subject matter wherein a substituent in 3-position of the bicyclo octane ring system contains sulfur, e.g., etc.

205	The additional hetero ring is part of a polycyclo ring system:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 204.  Subject matter wherein the additional hetero ring is part of a polycyclo ring system.

206	7-position substituent contains hetero ring:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 204.  Subject matter wherein a substituent in 7-position contains a hetero ring.

207	Alkyl, hydroxyalkyl, alkoxyalkyl, or alkanoloxyalkyl bonded directly to 3-position:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 202.  Subject matter wherein alkyl, alkyl-OH, alkyl-O-alkyl, or alkyl-C(=O)-O-alkyl is bonded directly to 3-position of the bicyclo octane ring system.

208	Sulfur containing substituent:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 200.  Subject matter wherein the bicyclo octane ring system contains sulfur.

209	Alkyl, hydroxyalkyl, alkoxyalkyl, or alkanoloxyalkyl bonded directly to 3-position:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 200.  Subject matter wherein alkyl, alkyl-OH, alkyl-O-alkyl, alkyl-C(=O)-O-alkyl is bonded directly to 3-position of the bicyclo octane ring system.

210.01	Hetero ring is four-membered and includes at least one ring nitrogen:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 183.  Subject matter which contains a heterocyclic ring consisting of four atoms, at least one of which is nitrogen. (1) Note. The heterocyclic ring may include other hetero atoms of the group set forth in the definition of subclass 183 and the relative positions of the hetero atoms may vary. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 540,  Chemistry, Carbon Compounds, Part of the Class 532-570 Series,   subclasses 200 through 364for a compound which includes a four-membered lactam ring. 548,  Carbon Compounds, Part of the 532-570 Series,   subclasses 950 through 953,for a compound which includes a non-lactam four-membered hetero ring containing nitrogen.

210.02	Chalcogen double bonded directly to a ring carbon of the four-membered hetero ring which is adjacent to the ring nitrogen:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 210.01.  Subject matter wherein chalcogen (i.e., oxygen, sulfur, selenium or tellurium) is double bonded directly to one of the carbons of the four-membered hetero ring which is adjacent to the ring nitrogen.

210.03	Polycyclo ring system having the four-membered hetero ring as one of the cyclos:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 210.02.  Subject matter wherein the four-membered hetero ring is one of the cyclos of a polycyclo ring system. (1) Note. An example of an active ingredient provided for herein is,

210.04	Bicyclo ring system having the four-membered hetero ring as one of the cyclos:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 210.03.  Subject matter in which the polycyclo ring system consists of exactly two rings.

210.05	Plural ring hetero atoms in the bicyclo ring system:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 210.04.  Subject matter wherein the bicyclo ring system contains an additional hetero atom (i.e. nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, selenium, or tellurium). (1) Note. An example of an active ingredient provided for herein is, SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 192, for when the additional hetero atom is sulfur, and the bicyclo ring system is 1-thia-4-aza-bicyclo (3.2.0) heptane. 200, for when the hetero atom is sulfur, and the bicyclo ring system is 1-thia-5-aza- bicyclo (4.2.0) octane.

210.06	Ring oxygen in the bicyclo ring system:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 210.05.  Subject matter wherein the additional hetero atom is oxygen

210.07	The other cyclo of the bicyclo ring system is six-membered:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 210.06.  Subject matter wherein a six membered ring is the other cyclo of the bicyclo ring system.

210.08	1-Oxa-5-aza-bicyclo(4.2.0)octanes (including unsaturated ):
	This subclass is indented under subclass 210.07.  Subject matter in which the bicyclo ring system has the following basic structure, wherein X is chalcogen (i.e., oxygen, sulfur, selenium, or tellurium) and the structure may contain double bonds between ring members:

210.09	The other cyclo of the bicyclo ring system is five-membered:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 210.04.  Subject matter wherein the other cyclo in the bicyclo ring system consists of five members.

210.1	Sulfur bonded directly to the five-membered cyclo of the bicyclo ring system (e.g., thienamycin, etc.):
	This subclass is indented under subclass 210.09.  Subject matter wherein the five-membered cyclo of of the bicyclo ring system is bonded directly to sulfur. (1) Note. An example of an active ingredient provided for herein is,

210.11	Additional hetero ring attached directly to the sulfur by nonionic bonding:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 210.1.  Subject matter wherein the sulfur is attached directly by nonionic bonding to an additional hetero ring (i.e. a ring consisting of carbon and at least one ring member selected from nitrogen and chalcogen).

210.12	The additional hetero ring contains ring nitrogen:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 210.11.  Subject matter wherein nitrogen is a ring member of the additional hetero ring.

210.13	Having C(=X)- , wherein X is chalcogen, bonded directly to the additional hetero ring:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 210.12.  Subject matter wherein the additional hetero ring is bonded directly to a C(=X)- group, wherein X is chalcogen (i.e. oxygen, sulfur, selenium or tellurium).

210.14	Polycyclo ring system bonded to the five-membered cyclo of the bicyclo ring system:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 210.09.  Subject matter wherein the five-membered cyclo of the bicyclo ring system is bonded directly to a polycyclo ring system (1) Note. The polycyclo ring system may include a nitrogen- or chalcogen-containing hetero ring.

210.15	Chalcogen bonded directly to the ring nitrogen of the four-membered ring by nonionic bonding
	This subclass is indented under subclass 210.02.  Subject matter wherein a chalcogen (i.e. oxygen, sulfur, selenium, or tellurium) is bonded directly to the ring nitrogen of the four-membered ring by nonionic bonding.

210.16	Polycyclo ring system having the four- membered hetero ring as one of the cyclos:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 210.01.  Subject matter wherein the four-membered hetero ring is one of the cyclos in a polycyclo ring system.

210.17	Having -C(=X)-, wherein X is chalcogen, bonded directly to the four membered hetero ring:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 210.01.  Subject matter wherein a -C(=X)- group, wherein X is chalcogen (i.e. oxygen, sulfur, selenium or tellurium), is attached directly to the four membered hetero ring. (1) Note. An example of an active ingredient provided for herein is,

210.18	Additional hetero ring attached directly or indirectly to the four-membered heteroby nonionic bonding:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 210.17.  Subject matter wherein the four-membered hetero ring is attached directly or indirectly by nonionic bonding to an additional hetero ring.

210.19	Additional hetero ring attached directly or indirectly to the four-membered hetero ring by nonionic bonding:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 210.01.  Subject matter wherein the four-membered hetero ring is attached directly or indirectly by nonionic bonding.to an additional hetero ring.

210.20	The additional hetero ring contains ring nitrogen:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 210.19.  Subject matter wherein the additional hetero ring contains at least one nitrogen as a ring hetero atom.

210.21	Polycyclo ring system having the additional hetero ring as one of the cyclos:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 210.20.  Subject matter wherein the additional hetero ring is part of a polycyclo ring system.

211.01	Hetero ring contains seven members including nitrogen, carbon, and chalcogen:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 183.  Subject matter which contains a hetero ring having exactly seven members consisting of carbon, nitrogen and chalcogen (i.e., oxygen, sulfur, selenium, or tellurium as its only ring members). SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 540,  Chemistry, Carbon Compounds, Part of the 532-570 Series,   subclasses 488 through 491for seven-membered lactams containing a chalcogen ring atom in the lactam ring, subclasses 544 through 552 for non-lactam seven-membered hetero ring compounds which include nitrogen and chalcogen as ring atoms of the seven-membered hereto ring.

211.02	Monocyclic cyclopentyl ring bonded directly to the seven-membered hetero ring (e.g., prostaglandins, etc.):
	This subclass is indented under subclass 211.01.  Subject matter wherein the seven-membered hetero ring is bonded directly to a monocyclic cyclopentyl ring

211.03	Chalcogen double bonded directly to a ring carbon which is adjacent to the ring nitrogen:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 211.01.  Subject matter wherein a chalcogen (i. oxygen, sulfur, selenium, or tellurium) is double bonded directly to a ring carbon which is adjacent to the ring nitrogen of the seven-membered hetero ring.

211.04	Polycyclo ring system which contains the seven-membered hetero ring as of the cyclos:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 211.03.  Subject matter wherein the seven-membered hetero ring is one of the cyclos of a polycyclo ring system. (1) Note. An example of an active ingredient provided for herein is,

211.05	Bicyclo ring system having the seven-membered hetero ring as one of the cyclos:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 211.04.  Subject matter wherein the polycyclo ring system consists of exactly two rings.

211.06	Ring chalcogen and ring nitrogen are in the 1,5 positions of the seven-membered hetero ring
	This subclass is indented under subclass 211.05.  Subject matter wherein chalcogen and nitrogen are in the 1- and 5-positions, respectively, of the seven-membered hetero ring . (1) Note. An example of an active ingredient provided for herein is,

211.07	Nitrogen attached directly or indirectly to the ring nitrogen of the seven-membered hetero ring by acyclc nonionic bonding ( e.g. Diltiazem, etc.):
	This subclass is indented under subclass 211.06.  Subject matter wherein the ring nitrogen of the seven-membered hetero ring is attached directly or indirectly to nitrogen by nonionic bonding. (1) Note. Diltiazem is 2-(p-methoxyphenyl)-3-acetoxy- 5-N,N-dimethylaminoethyl-1,5-benzothiazepin-4-one, of the following formula:

211.08	Plural ring nitrogens in the seven-membered hetero ring:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 211.01.  Subject matter wherein the seven-membered hetero ring contains at least two ring nitrogens. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 540,  Chemistry, Carbon Compounds, Part of the 532-570 Series,   subclass 545 , for compounds which contain chalcogen and at least two ring nitrogens in a seven-membered hetero ring.

211.09	Polycyclo ring system which contains the seven-membered hetero ring as one of the cyclos:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 211.01.  Subject matter wherein the seven-membered hetero ring is one of the cyclos of a polycyclo ring system.

211.1	Three ring hetero atoms in the polycyclo ring system:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 211.09.  Subject matter wherein the polycyclo ring system contains at least three ring hetero atoms. (1) Note. An example of an active ingredient provided for herein is,

211.11	Tricyclo ring system having the seven-membered hetero ring as one of the cyclos:
	Subject matter under 211.09 wherein the polycyclo ring system consists of exactly three rings.

211.12	Ring nitrogen is shared by plural cyclos of the tricyclo ring system:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 211.11.  Subject matter wherein plural cyclos of the tricyclo ring system share ring nitrogen.

211.13	Nitrogen bonded directly to ring carbon of the seven-membered hetero ring:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 211.11.  Subject matter wherein a ring carbon of the seven-membered hetero ring is bonded directly to nitrogen. (1) Note. Examples of active ingredients provided for herein are,