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 [Search a list of Patent Appplications for class 454]   CLASS 454,VENTILATION
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SECTION I - CLASS DEFINITION

This is the parent class for apparatus and processes for supplying air to and removing it from enclosures, for distributing and circulating the air therein, or for preventing its contamination.

SECTION II - REFERENCES TO OTHER CLASSES

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2, Apparel,   subclasses 171+ for head coverings (e.g., hats) which may include ventilation.
4, Baths, Closets, Sinks, and Spittoons,   appropriate subclasses for ventilation of devices forming the subject matter of that class, particularly, subclasses 209+ and 306 for ventilation of urinals; subclasses 347+ for ventilation of flush closets; and subclasses 472, 475, 477, and 482 for ventilation of dry closets.
5, Beds,   subclasses 706+ for ventilation of a mattress.
34, Drying and Gas or Vapor Contact With Solids,   appropriate subclasses for ventilation processes and apparatus combined with added steps or means to cause drying or gas or vapor contact with solids.
36, Boots, Shoes, and Leggings,   subclass 3 for ventilation of boots or shoes.
52, Static Structures (e.g., Buildings),   subclasses 198+ for structure forming an enclosure for or a cover over a room or compartment and having a fluid guiding port in an outer barrier communicating between the space and ambient, subclass 200 for an enclosure located on and within the periphery of a roof and having an open bottom or passage communicating with the space beneath the roof (e.g., cupola), subclasses 204.5+ for passageways which traverse a barrier and which allow passage of air, subclass 218 for a flue with gaseous fluid directing features, and subclass 219 for a flue connection to building structures.
62, Refrigeration,   appropriate subclasses for ventilated rooms or chambers in combination with cooling or refrigeration means specialized to refrigeration. The mere inclusion of a cooler for the air or means subjecting the air to air-liquid contact is not considered a means specialized to refrigeration.
95, Gas Separation: Processes,   for processes of gas separation, per se, in which dust or other contaminants are removed from air.
96, Gas Separation: Apparatus,   for apparatus for gas separation, per se, in which dust or other contaminants are removed from air.
105, Railway Rolling Stock,   subclasses 350+ for passenger car constructions tending to lessen the dust contents of the air in the vicinity of car doors and windows.
114, Ships,   subclass 187 for steamboat stacks and chimneys specially adapted to use on vessels and subclasses 211+ for ventilating devices specific to ships and involving the structure of the ship.
126, Stoves and Furnaces,   appropriate subclasses for the combination of ventilating and heating wherein significant heating structure (i.e., more than a nominal recitation such as a broadly recited "heating means") is claimed. See specifically subclasses 21+ for ventilated ovens, subclasses 67+ for heating stoves provided with means for heating and circulating a current of air, subclass 80 for heating stoves provided with special ventilating attachments or features, subclasses 99+ for furnaces which heat air in an enclosing case or jacket to be distributed to points remote from the furnace, subclass 113 for the combination of an air moistener with a hot air furnace, subclass 198 for oven doors provided with means for ingress and egress of air, subclass 279 for ventilating platforms for stoves and furnaces, subclass 287.5 for fusible release-type stove or furnace dampers, subclass 293 for the combination of a smoke-controlling damper and a ventilating damper which are interconnected so that the movement of one operates to move the other, subclasses 299+ for stove hoods designed to carry off odors from kitchen ranges, subclass 312 for stovepipe ventilation, subclass 313 for air moistening attachments to stovepipes, subclass 316 for a combined stove pipe thimble and ventilator, and subclass 508 for a fireplace with a room humidifier.
128, Surgery,   subclass 205.26 for ventilating chambers usable by a patient such as oxygen tents and hyperbaric chambers.
135, Tent, Canopy, Umbrella, and Cane,   subclasses 93+ for ventilation of a portable structure (e.g., tent).
137, Fluid Handling,   subclass 216 for vents in fluid lines to prevent backflow (e.g., antisyphon devices).
160, Flexible or Portable Closure, Partition, or Panel,   for ventilating devices (1) in the form of panels in which a flexible fabric or other flexible sheet material forms the panel portions; (2) in the form of panel units formed of plural strips, slats, or panels interconnected for relative motion (excluding those connected only by a common operator or mounted on a common support); (3) panels in the form of portable partitions, and (4) parts (1) - (3) combined with each other or with rigid closures or other rigid panels. Ventilators, as above, combined with additional means (as pumps, valves, baffles, etc.) to cause, control, or direct the flow of air are in Class 454, Ventilation. Closures and panel units in the form of grilles, shutters, or registers, whether of the stationary or noninterconnnected pivoted-vane type, have been treated as rigid panels.
165, Heat Exchange,   subclasses 59 , 234+, and 248+, for the combination of air distribution means with specific heat exchange means adapted to heat or cool the air and subclass 60 for the combination of an air moistening device with a specific heat exchange means adapted to heat or cool a chamber.
210, Liquid Purification or Separation,   subclasses 163+ for a grated fluid inlet.
217, Wooden Receptacles,   subclass 42 for ventilated crates and subclass 74 for ventilated barrels.
236, Automatic Temperature and Humidity Regulation,   for automatically operating mechanisms for controlling temperature or humidity, per se. Class 236 does not include claims to the devices or systems controlled.
237, Heating Systems,   appropriate subclasses and particularly subclasses 46+ for the combination of ventilating and heating wherein significant heating structure (i.e., more than a nominal recitation such as a broadly recited "heating means") is claimed.
239, Fluid Sprinkling, Spraying, and Diffusing,   subclasses 34+ for slow diffusers, per se, and subclass 270 for a nozzle having an air supply means to the operator.
261, Gas and Liquid Contact Apparatus,   appropriate subclasses for air moistening devices, per se, and subclasses 127+ for heating and cooling devices combined with moisteners for the air. Devices including significant ventilating structure and excluding specific heating or cooling structure will be found in Class 454.
280, Land Vehicles,   subclasses 847+ for devices for protecting the occupants of a vehicle or the vehicle itself from dust and mud incident to the use of that vehicle.
296, Land Vehicles: Bodies and Tops,   subclasses 84.1+ for vehicle windshields.
399, Electrophotography,   subclasses 92+ for internal machine environment having a forced air circulation and subclasses 246+ for sprayed liquid developer applications.
404, Road Structure, Process, or Apparatus,   subclasses 25+ for a pavement with a load bearing vault cover-closure which may include openings or vents.
415, Rotary Kinetic Fluid Motors or Pumps,   for a blower, per se.
416, Fluid Reaction Surfaces (i.e., Impellers),   for a fan, per se.
417, Pumps,   for a motor driven blower, per se.

SUBCLASSES

[List of Patents for class 454 subclass 1]    1CHIMNEY OR STACK:
 This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Subject matter relating to a generally vertical, projecting, conduit section having an uppermost portion which opens to a surrounding environment, whereby air or products of combustion can flow between a ventilated space and the surrounding environment.
(1) Note. This and indented subclasses provide a residual location for chimney or stack structure not properly classified in other classes.
(2) Note. A mere opening, for example in a roof, is not considered to be a vertical conduit section.
(3) Note. The vertical conduit section usually projects above a roof such as that of a building.
(4) Note. This subclass does not include attic ventilators nor ceiling outlets ducted directly through the roof since they lack a "substantially vertically extending conduit section."

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52, Static Structures (e.g., Buildings),   subclass 218 for building structure with a flue having a gaseous fluid-directing feature which is not located in the chimney stacktop structure or cowl, subclass 219 for a connection between a flue and building structure, subclasses 245+ for a static structure including a barrier (e.g., wall, etc.) which has its opposite faces both curvilinear and substantially parallel.
110, Furnaces,   subclass 184 for a metal smokestack combined with particular solid material combustion apparatus in a locomotive or portable boiler.
114, Ships,   subclass 187 for steamboat stacks or chimneys adapted for use on vessels and having particular ship structure.
126, Stoves and Furnaces,   subclasses 285+ for chimney or stack dampers, per se, not incorporated in chimneytop or stacktop structure and subclasses 307+ for miscellaneous smoke flues combined with particular stove or furnace apparatus provided for the application of heat.
285, Pipe Joints or Couplings,   subclasses 42+ for a pipe with a roof junction which includes flashing.
  
[List of Patents for class 454 subclass 2]    2Vehicle:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 1.  Subject matter wherein the ventilated space is in a device for transporting passengers, goods, or equipment.
(1) Note. This subclass provides a residual location for vehicle chimney or stack structure not properly classified in other classes.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

110, Furnaces,   subclass 184 for a metal smokestack combined with particular solid material combustion apparatus in a locomotive or portable boiler.
114, Ships,   subclass 187 for steamboat stacks or chimneys adapted for use on vessels and having particular ship structure.
  
[List of Patents for class 454 subclass 3]    3Chimneytop or stacktop structure (e.g., cowl):
 This subclass is indented under subclass 1.  Subject matter comprising structure at an uppermost end of the vertical conduit section.
(1) Note. Cowl structure is included in this subclass.

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339+,for structure at the end of an outlet conduit section. See, in particular, subclass 368.

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52, Static Structures (e.g., Buildings),   subclass 200 for cupolas, subclass 218 for flues with gas inlets and internal gas directing features (see the notes to that subclass), and subclass 244 for a cap which is mounted on and covers the exposed terminal edge of a barrier which encloses a space, e.g., chimney top guards.
  
[List of Patents for class 454 subclass 4]    4Cap closure:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 3.  Subject matter comprising a cover which can be positioned over the opening in the vertical conduit"s uppermost section to stop flow therethrough of air or products of combustion.

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94,for a railcar, bus, or trailer having an exterior cap closure for a vent.
275,for an inlet airway having a specific cover or shield for an exterior vent opening.
347+,for an outlet airway having an air pump and which may include a readily moveable cover.
355,for an outlet airway having an air pump and including a moveable access cover.
356,for an outlet airway having an air pump and including an exterior neck with an enlarged, weather resistant cover.
358+,for other outlet airways which may include a readily moveable cover.
368+,for other outlet airways with a specific cover or shield for an exterior vent opening.

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138, Pipes and Tubular Conduits,   subclasses 89+ for pipes and tubular conduits with closures and plugs.
  
[List of Patents for class 454 subclass 5]    5Pivoted:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 4.  Subject matter wherein the cover rotates about an axis.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

30,for a pivoted outlet air current regulator used in a chimney or stacktop.
363,for a pivoted damper panel or cover used in an outlet airway.
  
[List of Patents for class 454 subclass 6]    6Plural, separately pivoted portions:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 5.  Subject matter wherein the cover comprises at least two parts, each part rotating independently about the same or different fixed axes.

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31,for plural pivoted air current regulating means in a chimney or stacktop structure.
351,and 352, for plural damper panels in an outlet airway
  
[List of Patents for class 454 subclass 7]    7Having remote control:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 5.  Subject matter comprising means for rotating the cover about the fixed axis from a location distant from the cover.
(1) Note. Pressure of air or products of combustion within the vertical conduit section, which directly acts on the cover to rotate it open and closed, does not constitute remote cap pivoting means for the purposes of this subclass.

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236, Automatic Temperature and Humidity Regulation,   appropriate subclasses for an automatically operated mechanism for controlling temperature or humidity which does not include the device or system controlled.
  
[List of Patents for class 454 subclass 8]    8Inlet and outlet:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 3.  Subject matter comprising separate passages for directing air or products of combustion to and from the ventilated space.

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103+,for a railcar, bus, or trailer having both inlet and outlet airways.
141+,for other vehicles having both inlet and outlet airways.
237+,for static structures (e.g., buildings) having both inlet and outlet airways, particularly, subclass 242, for a rooftop, unitary inlet and outlet housing having both inlet and outlet airways, which housing is not associated with a chimney or stack.
  
[List of Patents for class 454 subclass 9]    9Having air current responsive adjustment means (e.g., wind vane, etc.):
 This subclass is indented under subclass 8.  Subject matter comprising a means which alters a position or operation of the structure in reaction to a change in (1) flow of natural air (i.e., wind) or (2) flow of air or products of combustion through the vertical conduit section.

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11,for an air current responsive adjustment means associated with chimney or stacktop structure which includes an inlet only (no claimed outlet) to a ventilated space.
17,for an air current responsive adjustment means associated with chimney or stacktop structure which includes a rotary means in the air current (e.g., fan etc.).
20,for an air current responsive adjustment means associated with chimney or stacktop structure which includes an outlet only (no claimed inlet) to a ventilated space.
  
[List of Patents for class 454 subclass 10]    10Inlet:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 3.  Subject matter comprising a passage for directing air to the ventilated space.

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107,for railcars, buses, or trailers having inlet airways.
143+,for other vehicles having inlet airways.
254+,for static structures (e.g., buildings) having inlet airways.
  
[List of Patents for class 454 subclass 11]    11Having air current responsive adjustment means (e.g., wind vane, etc.):
 This subclass is indented under subclass 10.  Subject matter comprising a means which alters a position or operation of the structure in reaction to a change in (1) flow of natural air (i.e., wind) or (2) flow of air or products of combustion through the vertical conduit section.

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9,for an air current responsive adjustment means associated with chimney or stacktop structure which includes both an inlet and outlet to a ventilated space.
17,for an air current responsive adjustment means associated with chimney or stacktop structure which includes a rotary means in the air current (e.g., fan etc.).
20,for an air current responsive adjustment means associated with chimney or stacktop structure which includes an outlet only (no claimed inlet) to a ventilated space.
  
[List of Patents for class 454 subclass 12]    12With means for mounting on brick-type chimney:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 3.  Subject matter comprising means uniting the structure to an uppermost end of a brick or ceramic vertical conduit section (i.e., chimney).
  
[List of Patents for class 454 subclass 13]    13Chimneytop structure extends within chimney:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 12.  Subject matter wherein a portion of the structure is located in an interior portion of the brick or ceramic conduit section.
  
[List of Patents for class 454 subclass 14]    14Means for mounting to inner wall:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 13.  Subject matter wherein the uniting means fastens the structure to an interior surface of the brick or ceramic conduit section.
  
[List of Patents for class 454 subclass 15]    15With rotary means in air current (e.g., fan, etc.):
 This subclass is indented under subclass 3.  Subject matter comprising a unidirectionally rotating member which acts on or is acted on by (1) flow of natural air (i.e., wind) or (2) flow of air or products of combustion through the vertical conduit section.
(1) Note. The member may be referred to as a rotor, wheel, bucket wheel, rotary fan, etc.

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101,for a wind-operated recirculating fan associated with a railcar, bus, or trailer.
106,for other railcar, bus, or trailer wind-operated fans associated with an inlet and outlet airway.
113,for other railcar, bus, or trailer wind-operated fans associated with an inlet airway only.
117,for a railcar, bus, or trailer having a wind-operated fan associated with an outlet airway.
240,for a wind-operated air pump associated with a building having both an inlet and an outlet airway.
  
[List of Patents for class 454 subclass 16]    16Driven by external power source:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 15.  Subject matter wherein the member is unidirectionally rotated by a means other than (1) flow of natural air (i.e., wind) or (2) flow of air or products of combustion through the vertical conduit section.
(1) Note. The means to unidirectionally rotate the member is commonly an electric or pneumatic motor.
  
[List of Patents for class 454 subclass 17]    17Having air current responsive adjustment means (e.g., wind vane, etc.):
 This subclass is indented under subclass 15.  Subject matter comprising a means which alters the position or operation of the structure or a part thereof in reaction to a change in (1) flow of natural air (i.e., wind) or (2) flow of air or products of combustion through the vertical conduit section.

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9,for an air current responsive adjustment means associated with chimney or stacktop structure which includes both an inlet and outlet to a ventilated space.
11,for an air current responsive adjustment means associated with chimney or stacktop structure which includes an inlet only (no claimed outlet) to a ventilated space.
  
[List of Patents for class 454 subclass 18]    18Cage-type blade set:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 15.  Subject matter wherein the unidirectionally rotating member comprises a hollow cylinder with two or more strip-like (blade) structures extending along the periphery thereof, which structures act on or are acted on by (1) flow of natural air (i.e., wind) or (2) flow of air or products of combustion through the vertical conduit section.
(1) Note. A cage-type blade set is often referred to as a turbine.
  
[List of Patents for class 454 subclass 19]    19Including additional blade set:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 18.  Subject matter further comprising a different group of rotating member (blade) structures acting on or being acted upon by (1) flow of natural air (i.e., wind) or (2) flow of air or products of combustion through the vertical conduit.
  
[List of Patents for class 454 subclass 20]    20Having air current responsive adjustment means:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 3.  Subject matter comprising a means which alters the position or operation of the structure or a part thereof in reaction to a change in (1) flow of natural air (i.e., wind) or (2) flow of air or products of combustion through the vertical conduit section.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

9,for an air current responsive adjustment means associated with chimney or stacktop structure which includes both an inlet and outlet to a ventilated space.
11,for an air current responsive adjustment means associated with chimney or stacktop structure which includes an inlet only (no claimed outlet) to a ventilated space.
17,for an air current responsive adjustment means associated with chimney or stacktop structure which includes a rotary means in the air current (e.g., fan etc.).
  
[List of Patents for class 454 subclass 21]    21Wind vane:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 20.  Subject matter wherein the structure or a portion thereof rotates to maintain a particular orientation relative to changing natural air (i.e., wind) flow direction.
(1) Note. The structure usually rotates about a vertical axis.
  
[List of Patents for class 454 subclass 22]    22With air current inducing jet:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 21.  Subject matter comprising a nozzle which ejects a high velocity flow stream to cause air or products of combustion to flow through the vertical conduit section.
(1) Note. The high velocity flow stream is usually diverted natural air current (i.e., wind).

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

39+,for other chimney or stacktop structures which use current inducing jets to induce flow in the outlet airway.
116,for a railcar, bus, or trailer which uses a current inducing jet (often wind caused by the movement of the vehicle) to induce flow in the outlet airway.
163,for other vehicles which use a current inducing jet (often wind caused by the movement of the vehicle) to induce flow in the outlet airway.
  
[List of Patents for class 454 subclass 23]    23Centered within induced air current:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 22.  Subject matter wherein the nozzle and its ejected flow stream lie in the middle of the air or products of combustion being caused to flow.
  
[List of Patents for class 454 subclass 24]    24Shield:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 21.  Subject matter wherein the rotating structure is a generally vertical deflector which shelters the vertical conduit section"s uppermost portion from direct exposure to the natural air current (i.e., wind).
(1) Note. A generally horizontal, angled deflector which lies directly over an upwardly facing opening of the vertical conduit is not included in this subclass.
  
[List of Patents for class 454 subclass 25]    25Hood having outlet opening perpendicular to wind:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 21.  Subject matter wherein the structure comprises a cover means over the opening in the vertical conduit"s uppermost section, the cover means rotating to maintain an air or products of combustion exhaust opening therein facing at a right angle to the natural air flow direction.
  
[List of Patents for class 454 subclass 26]    26Current regulator:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 20.  Subject matter wherein the means varies flow of air or products of combustion through the vertical conduit section.

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27,for a current regulator which is not air current responsive.

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126, Stoves and Furnaces,   subclasses 285+ for a flow regulating damper, per se.
  
[List of Patents for class 454 subclass 27]    27Having readily movable air current regulating means:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 3.  Subject matter wherein the structure comprises a means which is easily shiftable to alter flow of air or products of combustion through the vertical conduit section.
(1) Note. A means held in a single fixed position by a separate movable screw or bolt or other permanent-type tool actuated fastener is not considered "readily movable."

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26,for a chimneytop or stacktop structure having air current regulating means which is air current responsive.
347+,and 358, for other types of outlet ventilators with a readily movable louver, damper, or cover.
355,for an air pump outlet airway with a movable access cover which also may affect the flow of air.

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126, Stoves and Furnaces,   subclasses 285+ for chimney or stack dampers, per se, not incorporated in chimneytop or stacktop structure.
  
[List of Patents for class 454 subclass 28]    28With temperature sensitive release:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 27.  Subject matter wherein the shiftable means moves in reaction to temperature.

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257,for a building inlet airway including an emergency smoke or fire responsive valve.
342,for a building outlet airway including an air pump and having means for controlling or dealing with smoke.
357,for other building outlet airways having means for controlling or dealing with smoke.
369,for fusible release controlled fire dampers.

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126, Stoves and Furnaces,   subclass 287.5 for fusible release dampers for stoves or furnaces.
169, Fire Extinguishers,   particularly subclasses 42 and 56+ for fire extinguishing apparatus responsive to smoke or fire.
236, Automatic Temperature and Humidity Regulation,   various subclasses for an automatic mechanism for controlling temperature which does not include the device or system controlled.
  
[List of Patents for class 454 subclass 29]    29Continuously horizontal panel:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 27.  Subject matter wherein the shiftable means comprises a multiposition plate which is maintained parallel to the horizon while in use and while motion is being imparted to it.

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348,and 362, for continuously horizontal damper panels used with outlet airways.
  
[List of Patents for class 454 subclass 30]    30Pivoted:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 27.  Subject matter wherein the shiftable means rotates about a fixed axis.

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5,for pivoted chimney or stacktop cap closures.
363,for a pivoted damper panel in an outlet airway.
  
[List of Patents for class 454 subclass 31]    31Plural:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 30.  Subject matter having two such shiftable means which rotate about the same or different fixed axes.

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6,for plural pivoted chimney or stacktop closures.
351,and 352, for plural damper panels in an outlet airway.
  
[List of Patents for class 454 subclass 32]    32T-top:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 3.  Subject matter wherein the structure comprises two arms which, with the vertical conduit section, form a T-shape.
  
[List of Patents for class 454 subclass 33]    33Spiral or plural stacked rings:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 3.  Subject matter wherein the structure comprises (1) spaced-apart, helically-arranged strips or (2) rings spaced apart and positioned one above another.
  
[List of Patents for class 454 subclass 34]    34Four-side outlets with shield:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 3.  Subject matter wherein the structure comprises exhaust openings 90 degrees apart with a deflector across each opening to prevent back draft.
  
[List of Patents for class 454 subclass 35]    35Spaced cap:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 3.  Subject matter comprising a cover above and at a distance from the uppermost portion of the vertical pipe or conduit section.
  
[List of Patents for class 454 subclass 36]    36And spaced shield:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 35.  Subject matter comprising a structure which surrounds, is located at a distance from, and which shelters an area immediately above the uppermost portion of the vertical conduit section.
(1) Note. The structure usually protects the uppermost portion of the conduit section from direct exposure to natural air currents (i.e., wind).
  
[List of Patents for class 454 subclass 37]    37And skirt deflector extending outwardly from chimney or stack:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 36.  Subject matter wherein the vertical conduit section has a flange surrounding and stretching away therefrom for guiding air, products of combustion, or water.

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38,for other skirt deflectors in combination with a spaced cap.
  
[List of Patents for class 454 subclass 38]    38And skirt deflector extending outwardly from chimney or stack:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 35.  Subject matter wherein the vertical conduit section has a flange surrounding and stretching away therefrom for guiding air, products of combustion, or water.

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37,for a structure comprising a spaced shield and a skirt deflector extending outwardly from a chimney or stack.
  
[List of Patents for class 454 subclass 39]    39Having air current inducing jet:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 3.  Subject matter comprising a nozzle for ejecting a high velocity fluid stream which causes flow of air or products of combustion through the vertical conduit section.

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22+,for a chimney or stacktop which uses a diverted natural air current to induce flow in the outlet airway.
116,for a railcar, bus, or trailer which uses a current inducing jet (often wind caused by movement of the vehicle) to induce flow in the outlet airway.
163,for other vehicles which use a current inducing jet (often wind caused by the movement of the vehicle) to induce flow in the outlet airway.
  
[List of Patents for class 454 subclass 40]    40Plural, in-series jets:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 39.  Subject matter comprising two such nozzles, the high velocity fluid streams issuing from the nozzles acting on the air or products of combustion one after another in sequence.
  
[List of Patents for class 454 subclass 41]    41Having liquid drain:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 1.  Subject matter comprising means to remove liquid from the vertical conduit section.
  
[List of Patents for class 454 subclass 42]    42Having internal air current guide:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 1.  Subject matter comprising a surface within the vertical conduit section which straightens or diverts flow of air or products of combustion through the conduit.
(1) Note. A mere vertical conduit wall is not considered to be an internal current guide. Particular flow guiding wall structure must be claimed for inclusion in this subclass.

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126, Stoves and Furnaces,   subclasses 285+ for chimney or stack dampers, per se, not incorporated in chimneytop or stacktop structure.
  
[List of Patents for class 454 subclass 43]    43Having flue heater:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 1.  Subject matter comprising means to heat the air or products of combustion to increase their flow rate through the vertical conduit section.
  
[List of Patents for class 454 subclass 44]    44Having lining or sleeve:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 1.  Subject matter comprising (1) an interior covering or coating for the vertical conduit section or (2) a member which encases the vertical conduit section.

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285, Pipe Joints or Couplings,   subclasses 47+ for a joint or coupling with an insulated casing, lining, or protector.
  
[List of Patents for class 454 subclass 45]    45Including breech opening:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 44.  Subject matter comprising a side opening in a lower part of the vertical conduit section for entrance of air or products of combustion.

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126, Stoves and Furnaces,   subclasses 500+ for an open recess fireplace in a chimney.
  
[List of Patents for class 454 subclass 46]    46Pressurized air lining:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 44.  Subject matter comprising a layer of air which encases the vertical conduit section, the layer of air having a pressure above ambient.
  
[List of Patents for class 454 subclass 47]    47Axially connected chimney or stack sections:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 44.  Subject matter comprising at least two parts which are attached together end-to-end to form the vertical conduit section.

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285, Pipe Joints or Couplings,   subclasses 47+ for a joint or coupling with an insulated casing, lining, or protector.
  
[List of Patents for class 454 subclass 48]    48EXTERIOR VAULT OR MANHOLE COVER:
 This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Subject matter comprising a means positioned over an outdoor aperture through which a person may enter a sewer, boiler, pipe, conduit, drain, or underground or burial chamber.
(1) Note. The means usually acts to prevent outside debris from entering the aperture.

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404, Road Structure, Process, or Apparatus,   subclasses 25+ for a pavement with a load bearing vault cover-closure which may include openings or vents.
  
[List of Patents for class 454 subclass 49]    49WORKSTATION VENTILATOR (E.G., HOOD, OFFTAKE, ETC.):
 This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Subject matter particularly adapted to exhausting fumes, vapors, steam, dust, or other undesirable air pollutants from a task area where such pollutants have been generated.
(1) Note. The task area may be a welding, painting, industrial process, or other area where a pollutant generating job is performed.
(2) Note. Subject matter comprising specific details of the pollutant generating device beyond those relating to ventilation structures are properly classified with the device.
(3) Note. Means for conducting away naturally occurring, normally present particles from an area so as to render the area particle free (e.g., clean room, etc.) is not included in this subclass.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

168+,for a mine ventilator.
197,for a window related, bed or couch ventilator.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

4, Baths, Closets, Sinks, and Spittoons,   particularly subclasses 209+ for bathroom ventilators.
15, Brushing, Scrubbing, and General Cleaning,   particularly subclass 300.1 for a cleaning machine using air blast or suction devices.
30, Cutlery,   particularly subclasses 41.5 , 124+, and 133 for a cutlery device combined with various types of material disposal means.
83, Cutting,   particularly subclasses 98+ for cutting devices having fluid current product handling means.
96, Gas Separation: Apparatus,   for gas separation apparatus.
104, Railways,   particularly subclass 52 for a smoke remover for use in roundhouses and train sheds over locomotive smoke stacks.
126, Stoves and Furnaces,   particularly subclasses 299+ for a stove hood.
144, Woodworking,   particularly subclasses 252.1+ for a device for catching and confining the flying shavings and sawdust from a cutting machine and for conveying them away from the machine.
266, Metallurgical Apparatus,   particularly subclasses 158 and 159 for metallurgical apparatus with hood or offtake means for handling gases exhausted by treating means.
451, Abrading,   subclasses 453 and 456 for a particle collector or a dust hood with air exhausting means for drawing off dust developed in a grinding operation.
  
[List of Patents for class 454 subclass 50]    50Spray booth:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 49.  Subject matter wherein the task area is particularly adapted to coating an object with an atomized material such as paint or electrostatic particles.
(1) Note. A workstation ventilator in combination with specific coating means is properly classified elsewhere. See the Search Class Note below.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

339+,for a ventilation outlet airway.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

55, Gas Separation,   particularly Digest 46 for spray booths in which a gas is separated from a mixture.
118, Coating Apparatus,   particularly subclass 326 for a hood or offtake for waste material, and see the Search Class note of subclass 326 for a further discussion of class lines between this class and Class 118 (see (1) Note above); also see digest 7 for a hood.
399, Electrophotography,   subclasses 246+ for sprayed liquid developer applications.
  
[List of Patents for class 454 subclass 51]    51Having air inlet separate from access opening:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 50.  Subject matter comprising an inlet passage for admitting air to the task area which passage is distinct from an aperture allowing admittance to the area by personnel or by the object to be coated.
(1) Note. A mere doorway or window is not considered to be an inlet passage.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

57+,for a covered workbench chamber having an air inlet separate from an access opening.
66,for a workstation ventilator, in general, which has an inlet airway.
  
[List of Patents for class 454 subclass 52]    52Ceiling inlet:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 51.  Subject matter wherein the inlet passage admits air to the task area through a structural barrier above the area.
  
[List of Patents for class 454 subclass 53]    53With outlet air treatment means:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 50.  Subject matter comprising means to change a characteristic of the air being exhausted from the task area.
(1) Note. For example, this subclass includes means for removing noxious spray particles such as paint from the air being exhausted.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

96, Gas Separation: Apparatus,   appropriate subclasses for means for removing dust and other contaminants from air, per se.
  
[List of Patents for class 454 subclass 54]    54With means for liquid contact:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 53.  Subject matter comprising means directly exposing the air being exhausted to a liquid.
  
[List of Patents for class 454 subclass 55]    55Spraying nozzle:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 54.  Subject matter comprising an aperture through which the liquid is forcibly ejected as a fine jet of dispersed droplets to be directly exposed to the exhausting air.
  
[List of Patents for class 454 subclass 56]    56Covered workbench chamber (e.g., fume hood, etc.):
 This subclass is indented under subclass 49.  Subject matter wherein the task area is within a cabinet-like enclosure which allows admittance by an operator to work on a task.
(1) Note. The enclosure need not enclose the task area on all sides, but if it does, it must provide an entryway for the work arms of an operator to work on a task.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

126, Stoves and Furnaces,   particularly subclasses 299+ for a stove hood.
422, Chemical Apparatus and Process Disinfecting, Deodorizing, Preserving, or Sterilizing,   subclasses 565 and 567 for a laboratory housing or hood, per se.
  
[List of Patents for class 454 subclass 57]    57Having air inlet separate from access opening:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 56.  Subject matter comprising an inlet passage for admitting air to the task area, which passage is distinct from an aperture which allows admittance to the area by the operator.
(1) Note. A device having an inlet passage which is adjacent the aperture is included in this subclass provided the airway is physically separated from the aperture.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

51+,for a spray booth having an air inlet separate from an access opening.
66,for a workstation ventilator, in general, which has an inlet airway.
  
[List of Patents for class 454 subclass 58]    58Including flow adjustment means:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 57.  Subject matter comprising means to alter direction or rate of air flow through the inlet passage.
  
[List of Patents for class 454 subclass 59]    59Responsive to position of access door:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 58.  Subject matter wherein the means alters the direction or rate of air flow dependent upon positioning of a closure for the aperture which allows admittance to the task area by the operator.
  
[List of Patents for class 454 subclass 60]    60And air outlet through access opening:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 57.  Subject matter wherein air is exhausted from the task area by way of the aperture which allows admittance to the task area by the operator.
  
[List of Patents for class 454 subclass 61]    61Having outlet airway flow adjustment means:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 56.  Subject matter comprising a passage for exhausting air from the task area and further comprising means to alter direction or rate of flow of air flowing through the passage.
  
[List of Patents for class 454 subclass 62]    62Plural airways with adjustable distribution means:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 61.  Subject matter comprising two or more passages for exhausting air from the task area and further comprising means to alter amounts of the air exhausting through one of the passages relative to another of the passages.
(1) Note. The two or more passages may connect to a common outlet or suction pipe.
  
[List of Patents for class 454 subclass 63]    63Movable:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 49.  Subject matter comprising means for relocating the exhausting means or an air collecting portion thereof from one position to another during use.
(1) Note. While retractable or pivotable hoods are considered proper for this subclass, generally movable planar doors for a stationary hood are not proper.
  
[List of Patents for class 454 subclass 64]    64Having sliding, communicating, airway duct sections:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 63.  Subject matter comprising two or more connected air carrying conduit sections which move relative to one another by a smooth, gliding motion.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

137, Fluid Handling,   subclass 580 for a fluid handling system with a sliding joint between moveable parts of the system.
285, Pipe Joints or Couplings,   subclass 298 for sliding, communicating pipe sections.
  
[List of Patents for class 454 subclass 65]    65Having canopy exhaust hood:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 63.  Subject matter comprising a cover-like structure above the task area which includes means to collect and exhaust air from the area.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

67,for a workstation ventilator having a nonmoveable canopy exhaust hood.
  
[List of Patents for class 454 subclass 66]    66Having inlet airway:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 49.  Subject matter comprising an inlet passage for admitting air to the task area.
(1) Note. Subject matter which merely recirculates air within the task area is not included in this subclass.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

51+,for a spray booth having an air inlet separate from an access opening.
57+,for a covered workbench chamber having an air inlet separate from an access opening.
  
[List of Patents for class 454 subclass 67]    67Having canopy exhaust hood:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 49.  Subject matter comprising a cover-like structure above the task area which includes means to collect and exhaust air from the area.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

65,for a workstation ventilator having a moveable, canopy exhaust hood.
  
[List of Patents for class 454 subclass 68]    68ELEVATOR:
 This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Subject matter comprising features peculiar to admitting air to, exhausting air from, or circulating air about a (ventilated) space in a device vertically raised and lowered to transport passengers, goods, or equipment.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

187, Elevator, Industrial Lift Truck, or Stationary Lift for Vehicle,   appropriate subclasses for particular elevator structure.
  
[List of Patents for class 454 subclass 69]    69VEHICLE (E.G., AUTOMOBILE, ETC.):
 This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Subject matter comprising features peculiar to admitting air to, exhausting air from, or circulating air about a (ventilated) space in a device for transporting passengers, goods, or equipment.
(1) Note. Subject matter relating to a mobile home which is essentially stationary is not included in this and indented subclasses. However, subject matter relating to a self-propelled or towed recreational vehicle which is essentially mobile is included in this subclass.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

2,for a chimney which admits air to or exhausts air from a ventilated space in a vehicle.
68,for elevator ventilation structure.
  
[List of Patents for class 454 subclass 70]    70Pressure regulation:
 This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Apparatus including means responsive to air conditions either in or outside of an enclosure or the air condition in the supply system for the enclosure to maintain a predetermined pressure in said enclosure and/or a difference in pressure between said enclosure and the outside atmosphere.
(1) Note. Systems which maintain enclosures under air pressure but having no air condition responsive automatic controls are in other appropriate subclasses of this class, e.g., those having differential air input and discharge.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

238,for pressure regulation of a structure which includes both inlet and outlet airways.
255,for pressure regulation of a structure which includes an inlet airway.
340,for pressure regulation of a structure which includes an outlet airway.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

34, Drying and Gas or Vapor Contact With Solids,   subclasses 92 , 287, 402, and 558 for processes and apparatus for maintaining pressure and/or vacuum peculiar to that class and subclass 242 for chamber seals there provided for.
128, Surgery,   subclass 205.26 for pressure chambers for therapeutic treatment, including hyperbaric and decompression chambers.
137, Fluid Handling,   subclasses 494+ , particularly subclasses 505+, for regulating valves of general utility.
165, Heat Exchange,   subclasses 234+ for pressure control of a heated and/or cooled aircraft cabin where specific heating or cooling means are included.
244, Aeronautics and Astronautics,   subclass 59 for aircraft cabin pressure control combined with aircraft engine supercharging or with specific aircraft structure.
405, Hydraulic and Earth Engineering,   subclasses 8+ and 11+ for caissons.
417, Pumps,   for pumps and pump regulators responsive to pump effect including such devices where the enclosure is defined by name and no specific relationship between the enclosure and the pump or fan is claimed.
418, Rotary Expansible Chamber Devices,   for rotary expansible chamber devices, per se.
  
[List of Patents for class 454 subclass 71]    71Ventilation of aircraft cabin:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 70.  Subject matter wherein the ventilated area is the interior, or compartment thereof, of an aircraft.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

165, Heat Exchange,   subclasses 234+ for pressure control of a heated and/or cooled aircraft cabin where specific heating or cooling means are included.
  
[List of Patents for class 454 subclass 72]    72Auxiliary control system:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 71.  Subject matter wherein a secondary control system is utilized in the event of failure of the primary control system.
(1) Note. Included in this subclass are auxiliary pressure relief systems.
  
[List of Patents for class 454 subclass 73]    73Mechanical operation of control system (e.g., by bellows or diaphragm, etc.):
 This subclass is indented under subclass 71.  Subject matter wherein the operation of the control system, including the responsive means, is by primarily mechanical devices (e.g., bellows, diaphragm, piston, valve, etc.).
  
[List of Patents for class 454 subclass 74]    74Control system having electrical or electronic component:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 71.  Subject matter including an electrical or electronic component which is essential to the operation, or activation thereof, of the automatic control system.
  
[List of Patents for class 454 subclass 75]    75Having automatic control means:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 69.  Subject matter comprising (1) means to sense a condition or change of a condition and (2) means responsive to the sensing means to effect a change in flow of the air.
(1) Note. The condition or change of condition may be related to air temperature or moisture content, for example.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

70+,for automatic pressure regulation of a vehicle ventilating system.
229,for automatic control of a forced recirculation ventilating system.
238,for automatic pressure regulation of a ventilating system having both inlet and outlet airways.
239,for automatic control of a ventilating system having both inlet and outlet airways.
255,for automatic pressure regulation of a ventilating system having an inlet airway.
256,for automatic control of a ventilating system having an inlet airway.
340,for automatic pressure regulation of a ventilating system having an outlet airway.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

236, Automatic Temperature and Humidity Regulation,   for such systems, per se.
  
[List of Patents for class 454 subclass 76]    76Aircraft:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 69.  Subject matter wherein the transporting device is particularly adapted to atmospheric flight.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

71+,for automatic pressure regulation of an aircraft cabin.
  
[List of Patents for class 454 subclass 77]    77Freight:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 76.  Subject matter wherein the ventilated space is particularly adapted for transporting goods, equipment, or livestock.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

79,for ventilated cargo holds on-board a ship.
88,for ventilation of a freight-carrying railcar or trailer.
118,for ventilation of other freight-carrying vehicles.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

217, Wooden Receptacles,   subclass 42 for ventilated crates and subclass 74 for ventilated barrels, per se.
220, Receptacles,   subclasses 1.5+ for freight containers, per se.
  
[List of Patents for class 454 subclass 78]    78Waterborne:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 69.  Subject matter wherein the transporting device is particularly adapted to navigation on or in a body of water.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

114, Ships,   subclasses 211+ for ventilating devices specific to ships and involving the structure of the ship.
  
[List of Patents for class 454 subclass 79]    79Freight:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 78.  Subject matter wherein the ventilated space is particularly adapted for transporting goods, equipment, or livestock.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

77,for ventilated aircraft cargo cabins.
88,for ventilation of a freight-carrying railcar or trailer.
118,for ventilation of other freight-carrying vehicles.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

217, Wooden Receptacles,   subclass 42 for ventilated crates and subclass 74 for ventilated barrels, per se.
220, Receptacles,   subclasses 1.5+ for freight containers, per se.
  
[List of Patents for class 454 subclass 80]    80Nonperishable bulk foodstuff (e.g., grain ship):
 This subclass is indented under subclass 79.  Subject matter wherein the ventilated space is particularly adapted for transporting grain or other unpackaged and unrefrigerated foodstuffs.
  
[List of Patents for class 454 subclass 81]    81Porthole ventilator:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 78.  Subject matter wherein the ventilating means is, or is used in conjunction with, an embrasure in the side of a vessel.
  
[List of Patents for class 454 subclass 82]    82With moisture deflector or drain:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 78.  Subject matter comprising means to divert, channel, or convey liquid away from the air admitting, exhausting, or circulating means.
(1) Note. Means to dehumidify the air is not included in this subclass.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

146,for an exterior cowl ventilator with a moisture deflector or drain.
156+,for means to dehumidify air admitted to a ventilated space in a vehicle.
  
[List of Patents for class 454 subclass 83]    83Railcar, bus, or trailer:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 69.  Subject matter wherein the transporting device is particularly adapted to (1) run on a rail, (2) carry a large number of people, or (3) be drawn by a propelling vehicle.
(1) Note. Subject matter relating to a mobile home which is essentially stationary is not included in this and indented subclasses. However, subject matter relating to a self-propelled or towed recreational vehicle which is essentially mobile is included in this subclass.
  
[List of Patents for class 454 subclass 84]    84Locomotive cab:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 83.  Subject matter wherein the transporting device is particularly adapted for self-propulsion on a rail and wherein the ventilated space is a compartment for a driver of the device.
  
[List of Patents for class 454 subclass 85]    85Condensation preventer (e.g., defroster, etc.):
 This subclass is indented under subclass 84.  Subject matter comprising means for preventing water, in either solid or liquid form, which has been removed from the air, from accumulating on a surface.
(1) Note. The condensate is usually prevented from accumulating on a window.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

93,for a condensation preventer specific to a railcar, bus, or trailer, in general, and not restricted to a locomotive cab.
121,for a condensation preventer specific to a vehicle, in general.
198,for a condensation preventer for a window in a static structure, (e.g., building).
  
[List of Patents for class 454 subclass 86]    86Including dust guard for cab window opening:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 83.  Subject matter comprising means for deflecting cinders, grit, or other particles from an air and light admitting aperture in a barrier of the driver compartment (i.e., a cab window).

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

96,for dust guards for windows in railcars, buses, and trailers, generally, and not specific to locomotive cabs.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

280, Land Vehicles,   subclasses 847+ for devices for protecting the occupants of a vehicle or the vehicle itself from dust and mud incident to the use of that vehicle.
  
[List of Patents for class 454 subclass 87]    87Sleeping car:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 83.  Subject matter wherein the transporting device is particularly adapted to ride on a rail and wherein the ventilated space comprises sleeping accommodations for human passengers.
  
[List of Patents for class 454 subclass 88]    88Freight:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 83.  Subject matter wherein the ventilated space is particularly adapted for transporting goods, equipment, or livestock.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

77,for ventilated aircraft cargo cabins.
79,for ventilated cargo holds on-board a ship.
118,for ventilation of other freight-carrying vehicles.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

217, Wooden Receptacles,   subclass 42 for ventilated crates and subclass 74 for ventilated barrels, per se.
220, Receptacles,   subclasses 1.5+ for freight containers, per se.
  
[List of Patents for class 454 subclass 89]    89Ice-bunker closure (e.g., for refrigerated railcar):
 This subclass is indented under subclass 88.  Subject matter comprising a selectively movable or removable cover for a hatch of an ice-carrying bin in the transporting device, which closing includes means for admitting air.
(1) Note. Ice is usually placed through the hatch and into the bin to cool a space in the transporting device.
  
[List of Patents for class 454 subclass 90]    90Refrigerated or heated:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 88.  Subject matter wherein the ventilated space is cooled below or warmed above ambient temperature.
(1) Note. See the "Search Class" notes in the class definition for a discussion of the lines between this class and the various heating and refrigerating classes.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

91,for an ice-bunker closure.
  
[List of Patents for class 454 subclass 91]    91With air pump:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 90.  Subject matter comprising an apparatus for adding energy to and moving the air.
(1) Note. The air moving apparatus is usually a fan.
  
[List of Patents for class 454 subclass 92]    92With air pump:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 88.  Subject matter comprising an apparatus for adding energy to and moving the air.
(1) Note. The air moving apparatus is usually a fan.
  
[List of Patents for class 454 subclass 93]    93Condensation preventer (e.g., defroster, etc.):
 This subclass is indented under subclass 84.  Subject matter comprising means for preventing water, in either solid or liquid form, which has been removed from the air, from accumulating on a surface.
(1) Note. The condensate is usually prevented from accumulating on a window.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

85,for a condensation preventer specific to a locomotive cab.
121,for a condensation preventer specific to a vehicle, in general.
198,for a condensation preventer for a window in a static structure.
  
[List of Patents for class 454 subclass 94]    94Having exterior cap closure for vent:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 83.  Subject matter comprising an outside aperture which leads to the ventilated space and further comprising a structure which swings, slides, rotates, or otherwise moves between a first position permitting airflow through the aperture and a second position covering the aperture and preventing airflow therethrough.
(1) Note. Pivoting and sliding roof vents are included in this subclass.
(2) Note. A damper door placed within an air passage connecting the ventilated space with atmosphere is not included in this subclass.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

4+,for a cap closure for a chimney or stacktop.
129,for a vehicle sunroof.
275,for an inlet airway having a specific cover or shield for an exterior vent opening.
347+,for an outlet airway having an air pump and which may include a readily moveable cover.
355,for an outlet airway having an air pump and including a moveable access cover.
356,for an outlet airway having an air pump and including an exterior neck with an enlarged, weather resistant cover.
358+,for other outlet airways which may include a readily moveable cover.
367+,for other outlet airways with a specific cover or shield for an exterior vent opening.
  
[List of Patents for class 454 subclass 95]    95Having window or entry-door ventilation structure:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 83.  Subject matter comprising means to admit air to, exhaust air from, or circulate air about the ventilated space combined with (1) a light admitting structure in a barrier of the ventilated space (i.e., window) or (2) a structure which swings, slides, rotates, or otherwise moves between two positions, one closing a passenger entrance to the ventilated space and the other allowing such entrance (i.e., door).

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

128+,for window ventilation in other types of vehicles.
195,for ventilation combined with a door in a static structure (e.g., building).
196+,for ventilation combined with a window in a static structure (e.g., building).
  
[List of Patents for class 454 subclass 96]    96Including dust guard for window opening:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 95.  Subject matter comprising means for deflecting dust, cinders, or other material from an air and light admitting aperture (i.e., a window opening) in a barrier of the ventilated space.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

86,for dust guards for locomotive cab windows.
96,for dust guards for windows in railcars, buses, and trailers, generally, and not specific to locomotive cabs.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

280, Land Vehicles,   subclasses 847+ for devices for protecting the occupants of a vehicle or the vehicle itself from dust and mud incident to the use of that vehicle.
  
[List of Patents for class 454 subclass 97]    97Inside of window:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 96.  Subject matter wherein the deflecting means is positioned on the ventilated space side of the air and light admitting aperture.
  
[List of Patents for class 454 subclass 98]    98Outside of window:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 96.  Subject matter wherein the deflecting means is positioned outside the ventilated space.
  
[List of Patents for class 454 subclass 99]    99Having forced recirculation:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 83.  Subject matter comprising an air moving apparatus which contacts and directly forces air from one location within the ventilated space to another separate location within the space.
(1) Note. Recirculating flow must directly contact and be driven by an air moving apparatus to be included in this and indented subclasses. Subject matter wherein recirculating flow is merely "induced" by a separate forced flow is not included in this and indented subclasses.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

139+,for forced recirculation in other types of vehicles.
205,for recirculation combined with window features.
228+,for forced recirculation within a static structure, (e.g., building).
  
[List of Patents for class 454 subclass 100]    100Having forced recirculation means alone:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 99.  Subject matter wherein the air moving apparatus contacts and directly moves only existing air within the ventilated space.
(1) Note. Subject matter including means for also introducing air from outside of the ventilated space into the space is excluded from this subclass.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

140,for other types of vehicles having forced recirculation of vehicle air alone.
230+,for a static structure (e.g., building) having forced recirculation of ventilating air alone.
  
[List of Patents for class 454 subclass 101]    101Wind-operated fan:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 100.  Subject matter comprising a device for adding energy to and moving the air, which device is driven by moving air.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

15,for a wind-operated fan associated with chimney or stacktop structure.
106,for other railcar, bus, or trailer wind-operated fans associated with an inlet and outlet airway.
113,for other railcar, bus, or trailer wind-operated fans associated with an inlet airway only.
117,for a railcar, bus, or trailer having a wind-operated fan associated with an outlet airway.
240,for a wind-operated air pump associated with a building having both an inlet and an outlet airway.
  
[List of Patents for class 454 subclass 102]    102Wheel-axle operated fan:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 100.  Subject matter comprising a device for adding energy to and moving the air, which device is driven by a rotating shaft which supports a wheel of the transporting device.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

106,for a railcar, bus, or trailer having both an inlet and an outlet airway and including wheel-axle operated fans.
114,for a railcar, bus, or trailer having a wheel-axle operated fan associated with an inlet airway.
117,for a railcar, bus, or trailer having a wheel-axle operated fan associated with an outlet airway.
  
[List of Patents for class 454 subclass 103]    103Having both inlet and outlet airways:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 83.  Subject matter comprising a means for admitting air to the ventilated space and a separate means for exhausting air from the space.
(1) Note. The air admitting and exhausting means must be separate and distinct from one another. A single means which admits air to the space under one condition and exhausts air from the space under another condition is not included in this and indented subclasses.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

8+,for a chimney or stack having both inlet and outlet airways.
100+,for an apparatus for positively moving air present in a ventilated space in a transporting device from one position to another within the space without adding fresh air (i.e., recirculation alone).
103+,for a railcar, bus, or trailer having both inlet and outlet airways.
141+,for other vehicles having both inlet and outlet airways.
237+,for static structures (e.g., buildings) having both inlet and outlet airways.
  
[List of Patents for class 454 subclass 104]    104Including unitary inlet and outlet housing:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 103.  Subject matter comprising a single structure containing portions of the air admitting and air exhausting means.
(1) Note. This subclass is intended to include subject matter in which the air admitting and air exhausting means are integral.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

142,for other vehicles which have a unitary inlet and outlet housing.
234+,for static structures having forced recirculation and which use a unitary inlet and outlet housing.
241+,for static structures (e.g., buildings) which have a unitary inlet and outlet housing.
  
[List of Patents for class 454 subclass 105]    105With air pump:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 103.  Subject matter comprising an apparatus for adding energy to and moving the air.
(1) Note. The air moving apparatus is often a fan.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

249,for a static structure (e.g., building) including both inlet and outlet airways and an air pump.
  
[List of Patents for class 454 subclass 106]    106Wind or wheel-axle operated:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 105.  Subject matter wherein the air moving apparatus is driven by moving air or by a rotating shaft which supports a wheel of the transporting device.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

15,for a wind-operated fan associated with chimney or stacktop structure.
101,for a wind-operated fan in a railcar, bus, or trailer used for forced recirculation.
102,for a wheel-axle operated fan in a railcar, bus, or trailer used in a forced recirculation system.
113,for a railcar, bus, or trailer wind-operated fan associated with an inlet airway.
114,for a railcar, bus, or trailer having a wheel-axle operated fan associated with an inlet airway.
117,for a railcar, bus, or trailer having a wind-operated fan or a wheel-axle operated fan associated with an outlet airway.
240,for a wind-operated air pump associated with a building having both an inlet and an outlet airway.
  
[List of Patents for class 454 subclass 107]    107Having inlet airway:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 83.  Subject matter comprising means for admitting air to the ventilated space.
(1) Note. Subject matter disclosing an airway which can function either as an inlet or an outlet is classified in this and indented subclasses.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

10+,for chimneys or stacks having inlet airways.
143+,for other vehicles having inlet airways.
254+,for static structures (e.g., buildings) having inlet airways.
  
[List of Patents for class 454 subclass 108]    108Including specific air distributor:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 107.  Subject matter comprising particular means for directing the air as it enters the ventilated space.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

152+,for other types of vehicles having specific air distributors.
185+,for hollow partitions which may disclose specific air distributors.
284+,for static structures having specific air distributors.
  
[List of Patents for class 454 subclass 109]    109Having adjustable deflector:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 108.  Subject matter wherein the aperture structure comprises an air guiding means readily moveable to different positions to direct the air along different paths into the ventilated space.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

155,for a specific distributor having an adjustable deflector used in other types of vehicles.
  
[List of Patents for class 454 subclass 110]    110Liquid contact:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 107.  Subject matter comprising means for the air to be directly exposed to water or another liquid.
(1) Note. Liquid contact is usually for air humidification, cooling, or purification.
(2) Note. Dehumidifying means are not included under this subclass definition.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

157,for other vehicles in which the inlet air is exposed to a liquid.
223,for a window ventilator having an air passage between the sill and the bottom of the sash in which the air is exposed to a liquid.
291,for a floor-type register in a building where the inlet air is exposed to a liquid.
328,for other types of registers in a building where the inlet air is exposed to a liquid.
337,for inlet airways for static structures, in general, (e.g., buildings) where the inlet air is exposed to a liquid.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

126, Stoves and Furnaces,   subclass 313 for air moistening attachments for stovepipes and subclass 508 for a fireplace with a room humidifier.
159, Concentrating Evaporators,   subclass 5 for concentrating evaporators designed to evaporate a liquid in film or thin layer form.
237, Heating Systems,   subclasses 78+ for air moistening devices used in heating systems.
239, Fluid Sprinkling, Spraying, and Diffusing,   for slow diffusers.
261, Gas and Liquid Contact Apparatus,   appropriate subclasses for air moistening devices, per se, and subclasses 127+ for heating and cooling devices combined with moisteners for the air. Devices including significant ventilating structure and excluding specific heating or cooling structure will be found in this Class 454.
312, Supports: Cabinet Structure,   subclasses 31+ for gas or vapor treatment of material contained within a cabinet structure.
  
[List of Patents for class 454 subclass 111]    111With deflecting separator-type filter:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 107.  Subject matter comprising means for separating particles from the air by use of properties of momentum.
  
[List of Patents for class 454 subclass 112]    112With air pump:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 107.  Subject matter comprising an apparatus for adding energy to and moving the air.
(1) Note. The air moving apparatus is usually a fan.
  
[List of Patents for class 454 subclass 113]    113Wind operated:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 112.  Subject matter wherein the air moving apparatus is driven by moving air.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

15,for a wind-operated fan associated with chimney or stacktop structure.
101,for a wind-operated fan in a railcar, bus, or trailer used for forced recirculation.
106,for other railcar, bus, or trailer wind-operated fans associated with an inlet and outlet airway.
240,for a wind-operated air pump associated with a building having both an inlet and an outlet airway.
  
[List of Patents for class 454 subclass 114]    114Wheel-axle operated:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 112.  Subject matter wherein the air moving apparatus is driven by a rotating shaft which supports a wheel of the transporting device.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

102,for a wheel-axle operated fan in a railcar, bus, or trailer used in a forced recirculation system.
106,for a railcar, bus, or trailer having both an inlet and an outlet airway and including wheel-axle operated fans.
117,for a railcar, bus, or trailer having a wheel-axle operated fan associated with an outlet airway.
  
[List of Patents for class 454 subclass 115]    115Having outlet airway:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 83.  Subject matter comprising means for exhausting air from the ventilated space.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

162+,for other types of vehicles having an outlet airway.
339+,for static structures (e.g., buildings) having an outlet airway.
  
[List of Patents for class 454 subclass 116]    116With current inducing jet:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 115.  Subject matter comprising a nozzle which ejects a high velocity flow stream to draw the exhausting air from the ventilated space.
(1) Note. The high velocity flow stream is usually diverted natural air current (i.e., wind) resulting from movement of the vehicle.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

22+,for a chimney or stacktop which uses a diverted natural air current to induce flow in the outlet airway.
39+,for other chimney or stacktop structures which use current inducing jets to induce flow in the outlet airway.
163,for other vehicles which use a current inducing jet (often wind caused by the movement of the vehicle) to induce flow in the outlet airway.
  
[List of Patents for class 454 subclass 117]    117With air pump (e.g., wind or wheel-axle operated, etc.):
 This subclass is indented under subclass 115.  Subject matter comprising an apparatus for adding energy to and moving the air.
(1) Note. The air moving apparatus is usually a fan which may be driven by various means such as moving air or a rotating shaft which supports a wheel of the transporting device.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

15,for a wind-operated fan associated with chimney or stacktop structure.
101,for a wind-operated fan in a railcar, bus, or trailer used in a forced recirculation system.
102,for a wheel-axle operated fan in a railcar, bus, or trailer used in a forced recirculation system.
106,for a railcar, bus, or trailer having both an inlet and an outlet airway and including wheel-axle operated fans.
113,for a railcar, bus, or trailer wind-operated fan associated with an inlet airway.
114,for a railcar, bus, or trailer having a wheel-axle operated fan associated with an inlet airway.
  
[List of Patents for class 454 subclass 118]    118Freight:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 69.  Subject matter wherein the ventilated space is particularly adapted for transporting goods, equipment, or livestock.
(1) Note. This subclass includes a means to admit air to, exhaust air from, or circulate air about a space in a nonspecific freight transport container.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

77,for ventilated aircraft cargo cabins.
79,for ventilated cargo holds on-board a ship.
88,for ventilation of a freight-carrying railcar or trailer.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

217, Wooden Receptacles,   subclass 42 for ventilated crates and subclass 74 for ventilated barrels, per se.
220, Receptacles,   subclasses 1.5+ for freight containers, per se.
  
[List of Patents for class 454 subclass 119]    119Having external connection:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 69.  Subject matter comprising a means separate and distinct from the transporting device which attaches to the device to admit air to, exhaust air from, or circulate air about the ventilated space.
(1) Note. The external connection is usually used when the vehicle is stationary or parked for an extended period of time.
  
[List of Patents for class 454 subclass 120]    120Seat structure:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 69.  Subject matter wherein an occupant seating means contains particular structure for admitting air to, exhausting air from, or circulating air about the ventilated space.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

907,for a cross-reference art collection of ventilating devices combined with seats.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

297, Chairs and Seats,   subclasses 180.1+ for means to transfer heat primarily to or from the seat or means to subject the seat to fume smoke or the like.
  
[List of Patents for class 454 subclass 121]    121Condensation preventer (e.g., defroster, etc.):
 This subclass is indented under subclass 84.  Subject matter comprising means for preventing water, in either solid or liquid form, which has been removed from the air, from accumulating on a surface.
(1) Note. The condensate is usually prevented from accumulating on a window.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

85,for a condensation preventer specific to a locomotive cab.
93,for a condensation preventer specific to a railcar, bus, or trailer, in general, and not restricted to a locomotive cab.
198,for a condensation preventer for a window in a static structure, (e.g., building).
  
[List of Patents for class 454 subclass 122]    122Air directed between double paned window:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 121.  Subject matter comprising two adjacent and parallel light admitting panels which together form a light admitting structure and wherein air is guided intermediate the two panels to prevent congealed material from accumulating on the panels.
  
[List of Patents for class 454 subclass 123]    123Air directed at window exterior:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 121.  Subject matter comprising a light admitting structure and wherein the air is guided at an outside surface of the structure to prevent congealed material from accumulating thereon.
  
[List of Patents for class 454 subclass 124]    124Side or rear window:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 121.  Subject matter wherein the congealed material is prevented from accumulating on a light admitting structure in a barrier of the ventilated space which light admitting structure is predominantly parallel to or facing away from a direction of forward movement of the transporting device.
  
[List of Patents for class 454 subclass 125]    125Having sweeping air distributor:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 121.  Subject matter comprising means for guiding air along a regularly changing directional path.
(1) Note. A continually oscillating or rotating air distributor is included in this subclass.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

153,for a sweeping-type ventilating air distributor in a vehicle.
285,for a sweeping-type ventilating air distributor in a static structure (e.g., building).
  
[List of Patents for class 454 subclass 126]    126Having means for combining heated and unheated air:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 121.  Subject matter comprising means for mixing separate warmed and unwarmed air portions together prior to admittance of the portions to the ventilated space.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

160,for a vehicle heating system which combines heated and unheated air.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

237, Heating Systems,   appropriate subclasses for a means for ventilating a space in combination with specific heating structure.
  
[List of Patents for class 454 subclass 127]    127Having dashboard air distributor (e.g., for windshield, etc.):
 This subclass is indented under subclass 121.  Subject matter comprising an aperture means in the ventilated space which is in or supported directly by a panel immediately below a forward facing, light admitting, and wind protecting structure of the transporting device, which aperture directs air into the ventilated space.
(1) Note. The air is usually directed at the wind protecting structure to prevent congealed material from accumulating thereupon.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

296, Land Vehicles: Bodies and Tops,   subclasses 84.1+ for vehicle windshields.
  
[List of Patents for class 454 subclass 128]    128Means for open window (e.g., deflector, etc.):
 This subclass is indented under subclass 69.  Subject matter comprising a light admitting structure in a barrier of the ventilated space (i.e., a window) and further comprising air guiding or directing means adapted for use with the light admitting structure when the structure is in an open position allowing free passage of air therethrough to or from the ventilated space.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

95+,for window or entry-door ventilation in a railcar, bus, or trailer.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

296, Land Vehicles: Bodies and Tops,   subclass 152 for vehicle windows which include an accessory (e.g., visor, shield, etc.) with no ventilation features. If particular structure is present on the closure or in or about the opening to cause air to flow into or out of the ventilated space, the subject matter is proper for this class (454).
  
[List of Patents for class 454 subclass 129]    129Sunroof:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 128.  Subject matter wherein the open window is in a top surface bounding the ventilated space.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

94,for a railcar, bus, or trailer roof vent closure.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

296, Land Vehicles: Bodies and Tops,   subclasses 180.1+ for fins or air deflectors associated with the roof of a land vehicle to affect the movement of a slip stream of air over the vehicle and subclasses 210+ for a roof for a vehicle body having an opening in said roof and a closure for said opening in said roof which, when in the open position, permits free communication of light or air between the interior of the body and the atmosphere, but having no particular structure, either on the closure or in or about the opening, to cause air to flow into or out of the body. However, see subclass 217, in particular, for roof structure having air deflectors actively associated with the closure, so that upon movement of the closure toward an open position, the deflector is caused to move from a retracted position to a position in which it is operative to act upon the vehicle"s slipstream. If particular structure is present on the closure or in or about the opening to cause air to flow into or out of the ventilated space, the subject matter is proper for Class 454.
  
[List of Patents for class 454 subclass 130]    130Windshield or rear window:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 128.  Subject matter wherein the open window faces forward or rearward of the direction of travel of the transporting device.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

146+,for an air admitting aperture in a vehicle cowl.
150,for an air admitting aperture adjacent to a windshield.
151,for an air admitting aperture in an exterior side or rear side of a vehicle.
  
[List of Patents for class 454 subclass 131]    131At upper edge of sliding window:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 128.  Subject matter wherein the window opens by gliding along its surface and wherein the air guiding or directing means is positioned at a top portion of the structure"s perimeter.
(1) Note. This subclass does not include an air guiding or directing means which is at an upper edge of a vertically sliding window only when the window is in its fully retracted position.
  
[List of Patents for class 454 subclass 132]    132Having means to selectively adjust airflow:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 131.  Subject matter comprising means which may be moved as desired to different positions to vary the direction or amount of air passing through the air guiding or directing means.
(1) Note. A device wherein airflow is adjusted by mere opening or closing of the window is not included in this subclass.
  
[List of Patents for class 454 subclass 133]    133Having plural air passages:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 131.  Subject matter wherein the air guiding or directing means includes two or more physically separate air paths.
  
[List of Patents for class 454 subclass 134]    134Pivoted window:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 128.  Subject matter wherein the air guiding or directing means is adapted for use with a window which opens by rotation about a fixed axis.
(1) Note. Deflectors for pivoted vent windows are included in this subclass.
  
[List of Patents for class 454 subclass 135]    135Adjacent front edge of window:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 128.  Subject matter wherein the air guiding or directing means is positioned next to a forward portion of the perimeter of the window.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

134,for a pivoted window having a ventilating means or deflector adjacent its front edge.
  
[List of Patents for class 454 subclass 136]    136Roof structure:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 69.  Subject matter comprising air guiding or directing means integral with a barrier above the ventilated space of the transporting device (i.e., roof).

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

94,for a railcar, bus, or trailer roof vent closure.
130+,for air admitting, exhausting, or circulating means used with a windshield which opens.
146+,for an air admitting aperture in a vehicle cowl.
150,for an air admitting aperture adjacent to a windshield.
151,for an air admitting aperture in an exterior side or rear side of a vehicle.
  
[List of Patents for class 454 subclass 137]    137Including duct extending along roof:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 136.  Subject matter comprising an air carrying conduit stretching within or immediately adjacent the roof.
  
[List of Patents for class 454 subclass 138]    138Having exterior inlet opening over windshield:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 137.  Subject matter wherein the conduit comprises an aperture means above and generally adjacent a forward facing light admitting and wind protecting structure (i.e., windshield), the aperture means admitting air to the conduit from atmosphere.
  
[List of Patents for class 454 subclass 139]    139Having Forced Recirculation:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 69.  Subject matter comprising an air moving apparatus which contacts and directly forces air from one location within the ventilated space to another separate location within the space.
(1) Note. Recirculating flow must directly contact and be driven by an air moving apparatus to be included in this and indented subclasses. Subject matter wherein recirculating flow is merely "induced" by a separate forced flow is not included in this and indented subclasses.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

99+,for forced recirculation within a railcar, bus, or trailer type of vehicle.
205,for recirculation combined with window features.
228+,for forced recirculation within a static structure, (e.g., building).
  
[List of Patents for class 454 subclass 140]    140Forced recirculation alone or agitating fan:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 139.  Subject matter wherein the air moving apparatus contacts and directly moves only existing air within the ventilated space.
(1) Note. Subject matter including means for also introducing air from outside of the ventilated space into the space is excluded from this subclass.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

100+,for a railcar, bus, or trailer having forced recirculation of vehicle air alone.
230+,for a static structure (e.g., building) having forced recirculation of ventilating air alone.
  
[List of Patents for class 454 subclass 141]    141Having both inlet and outlet airways:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 69.  Subject matter comprising a means for admitting air to the ventilated space and a separate means for exhausting air from the space.
(1) Note. The air admitting and exhausting means must be separate and distinct from one another. A single means which admits air to the space under one condition and exhausts air from the space under another condition is not included in this and indented subclasses.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

8+,for a chimney or stack having both inlet and outlet airways.
100+,for an apparatus for positively moving air present in a ventilated space in a transporting device from one position to another within the space without adding fresh air (i.e., recirculation alone).
103+,for railcars, buses, or trailers having both inlet and outlet airways.
145,for a means combined with a closure which acts alternatively to admit air to and exhaust air from a ventilated space.
237+,for static structures (e.g., buildings) having both inlet and outlet airways.
  
[List of Patents for class 454 subclass 142]    142Including unitary inlet and outlet housing:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 141.  Subject matter comprising a single structure containing portions of the air admitting and air exhausting means.
(1) Note. This subclass is intended to include subject matter in which the air admitting and air exhausting means are integral.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

104,for railcars, buses, or trailers which have a unitary inlet and outlet housing.
234+,for static structures having forced recirculation and which use a unitary inlet and outlet housing.
241+,for static structures (e.g., buildings) which have a unitary inlet and outlet housing.
  
[List of Patents for class 454 subclass 143]    143Having inlet airway:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 69.  Subject matter comprising means for admitting air to the ventilated space.
(1) Note. Subject matter disclosing an airway which can function either as an inlet or an outlet is classified in this and indented subclasses.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

10+,for chimneys or stacks having an inlet airway.
107,for railcars, buses, or trailers having inlet airways.
254+,for static structures (e.g., buildings) having inlet airways.
  
[List of Patents for class 454 subclass 144]    144Including duct extending along floor:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 143.  Subject matter comprising an air carrying conduit stretching parallel to and within or adjacent a lower, supporting surface of the ventilated space (i.e., floor).
(1) Note. An air carrying conduit which merely passes perpendicularly through the supporting surface is not included in this subclass.
  
[List of Patents for class 454 subclass 145]    145Selective inlet, outlet, and closure:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 143.  Subject matter comprising means which can be positioned at will to admit air to the ventilated space, to exhaust air from the ventilated space, or to prevent airflow to and from the ventilated space.
  
[List of Patents for class 454 subclass 146]    146Including exterior cowl inlet:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 143.  Subject matter comprising an aperture through which air is admitted from atmosphere to the ventilated space, which aperture is on a top or outer side portion of the vehicle transporting device forward of a forward facing, light passing, and wind protecting structure (i.e., windshield).
(1) Note. The top or outer side portion of the vehicle transporting device forward of the windshield is commonly called a cowl.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

130+,for air admitting, exhausting, or circulating means used with a windshield which opens.
136+,for an air admitting aperture incorporated in vehicle roof structure.
150,for an air admitting aperture adjacent to a windshield.
151,for an air admitting aperture in an exterior side or rear side of a vehicle.
  
[List of Patents for class 454 subclass 147]    147With moisture deflector or drain:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 146.  Subject matter comprising means to divert, channel, or convey liquid away from the air admitting means.
(1) Note. Means to dehumidify the air is not included in this subclass.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

156,for means to dehumidify vehicle inlet air.
  
[List of Patents for class 454 subclass 148]    148Ducting to heat exchanger:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 146.  Subject matter comprising means for directing air from the aperture to a nonspecific heat transferring structure for warming or cooling the air prior to admittance of the air to the ventilated space.
(1) Note. See the class definition for what constitutes a nonspecific heat transferring structure such as is appropriate for this class. Recitation of an "air conditioning unit" or a "heater" does not exclude a patent from this class.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

62, Refrigeration,   various subclasses for a means for ventilating a space in combination with specific cooling or refrigerating structure.
237, Heating Systems,   various subclasses for a means for ventilating a space in combination with specific heating structure.
  
[List of Patents for class 454 subclass 149]    149Having exterior door:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 146.  Subject matter comprising a structure exposed to atmosphere which swings, slides, rotates, or otherwise moves between two positions, one exposing the (cowl) aperture to atmosphere to admit air therethrough and a second covering the aperture to prevent admittance of air therethrough.
  
[List of Patents for class 454 subclass 150]    150Including exterior windshield inlet:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 143.  Subject matter comprising an aperture exposed to atmosphere through which the air is admitted to the ventilated space, which aperture is adjacent a forward facing, light passing, and wind protecting structure (i.e., windshield) of the transporting device.
(1) Note. The aperture is usually above or below and in the plane of the windshield.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

130+,for air admitting, exhausting, or circulating means used with a windshield which opens.
136+,for an air admitting aperture incorporated in vehicle roof structure.
146+,for an air admitting aperture in a vehicle cowl.
151,for an air admitting aperture in an exterior side or rear side of a vehicle.
  
[List of Patents for class 454 subclass 151]    151Including exterior rear or rear side inlet:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 143.  Subject matter comprising an aperture through which the air is admitted from atmosphere to the ventilated space, which aperture is (1) in a rearwardly facing outer boundary portion of the transporting device or (2) in an outer boundary portion of the transporting device facing horizontally and transverse to a direction of forward movement of the device and which portion lies rearward of a light admitting, wind protecting structure (i.e., windshield).

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

130+,for air admitting, exhausting, or circulating means used with a windshield which opens.
136+,for an air admitting aperture incorporated in vehicle roof structure.
146+,for an air admitting aperture in a vehicle cowl (forward of windshield).
150,for an air admitting aperture adjacent to a windshield.
  
[List of Patents for class 454 subclass 152]    152Including specific air distributor:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 143.  Subject matter comprising particular means for directing the air as it enters the ventilated space.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

108+,for railcars, buses, or trailers having specific air distributors.
185+,for hollow partitions which may disclose specific air distributors.
284+,for static structures having specific air distributors.
  
[List of Patents for class 454 subclass 153]    153Sweeping type:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 152.  Subject matter comprising means for guiding the air along a regularly changing directional path.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

125,for a sweeping-type vehicle window defroster.
285,for a sweeping-type ventilating air distributor in a static structure (e.g., building).
  
[List of Patents for class 454 subclass 154]    154Having swiveling nozzle:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 152.  Subject matter comprising an air-enveloping passage which rotates to different positions to direct air along different paths into the ventilated space.
(1) Note. Dashboard ball or spherical outlets are included in this subclass.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

286,for a building air distributor having an airway joint with ball or cylinder rotatable in a socket.
  
[List of Patents for class 454 subclass 155]    155Having adjustable deflector:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 152.  Subject matter comprising an air guiding means readily moveable to different positions to direct the air along different paths into the ventilated space.
(1) Note. Damper means which distribute inlet air between two or more aperture structures are not included in this subclass.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

109,for a specific distributor having an adjustable deflector used in a railcar, bus, or trailer.
143,for a damper means which distributes inlet air between two or more aperture containing structures.
  
[List of Patents for class 454 subclass 156]    156With air treatment means:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 143.  Subject matter comprising means to change a naturally occurring state of the air.
(1) Note. A device which removes dust or grit from inlet air is included in this subclass.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

201+,for window ventilation having means for lowering the temperature of the air combined with filtering means.
207,for a filtering means combined with window ventilation.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

96, Gas Separation: Apparatus,   appropriate subclasses for means for removing dust and other contaminants from air, per se.
  
[List of Patents for class 454 subclass 157]    157Liquid contact:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 156.  Subject matter comprising means for the air to be directly exposed to water or another liquid.
(1) Note. Liquid contact is usually for air humidification, cooling, or purification.
(2) Note. Dehumidifying means are not included under this subclass definition.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

110,for a railcar, bus, or trailer in which the inlet air is exposed to a liquid.
223,for a window ventilator having an air passage between the sill and the bottom of the sash in which the air is exposed to a liquid.
291,for a floor-type register in a building where the inlet air is exposed to a liquid.
328,for other types of registers in a building where the inlet air is exposed to a liquid.
337,for inlet airways for static structures, in general, (e.g., buildings) where the inlet air is exposed to a liquid.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

126, Stoves and Furnaces,   subclass 313 for air moistening attachments for stovepipes and subclass 508 for a fireplace with a room humidifier.
159, Concentrating Evaporators,   subclass 5 for concentrating evaporators designed to evaporate a liquid in film or thin layer form.
237, Heating Systems,   subclasses 78+ for air moistening devices used in heating systems.
239, Fluid Sprinkling, Spraying, and Diffusing,   for slow diffusers.
261, Gas and Liquid Contact Apparatus,   appropriate subclasses for air moistening devices, per se, and subclasses 127+ for heating and cooling devices combined with moisteners for the air. Devices including significant ventilating structure and excluding specific heating or cooling structure will be found in this Class 454.
312, Supports: Cabinet Structure,   subclasses 31+ for gas or vapor treatment of material contained within a cabinet structure.
  
[List of Patents for class 454 subclass 158]    158Porous filter:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 156.  Subject matter comprising a means containing a multitude of orifices which permit the passage therethrough of air but which resist the passage therethrough of solids or other impurities.
  
[List of Patents for class 454 subclass 159]    159Heating:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 156.  Subject matter comprising nonspecific means for warming the air.
(1) Note. See the class definition for what constitutes a nonspecific means for warming the air such as is appropriate for this class. Recitation of an "air conditioning unit" or a "heater" does not exclude a patent from this class.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

62, Refrigeration,   appropriate subclasses for a means for ventilating a space in combination with specific cooling or refrigerating structure.
237, Heating Systems,   appropriate subclasses for a means for ventilating a space in combination with specific heating structure.
  
[List of Patents for class 454 subclass 160]    160Having means for combining heated and unheated air:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 159.  Subject matter comprising means for mixing separate warmed and unwarmed air portions together prior to admittance to the ventilated space.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

125,for a vehicle window defroster which combines heated and unheated air.
  
[List of Patents for class 454 subclass 161]    161Having heat exchange core:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 159.  Subject matter wherein the nonspecific unit for warming the air receives its heat from a cooling liquid of a propulsion plant of the transporting device.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

165, Heat Exchange,   subclasses 59 , 234+, and 248+, for the combination of air distribution means with specific heat exchange means adapted to heat or cool the air and subclass 60 for the combination of an air moistening device with a specific heat exchange means adapted to heat or cool a chamber.
  
[List of Patents for class 454 subclass 162]    162Having outlet airway:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 69.  Subject matter comprising means for exhausting air from the ventilated space.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

115+,for a railcar, bus, or trailer having an outlet airway.
339+,for static structures (e.g., buildings) having an outlet airway.
  
[List of Patents for class 454 subclass 163]    163With current inducing jet:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 162.  Subject matter comprising a nozzle which ejects a high velocity flow stream to draw air from the ventilated space to atmosphere.
(1) Note. The high velocity flow stream is usually diverted natural air current (i.e., wind) resulting from movement of the vehicle.

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22+,for a chimney or stacktop which uses a diverted natural air current to induce flow in the outlet airway.
39+,for other chimney or stacktop structures which use current inducing jets to induce flow in the outlet airway.
116,for a railcar, bus, or trailer which uses a current inducing jet (often wind caused by the movement of the vehicle) to induce flow in the outlet airway.
  
[List of Patents for class 454 subclass 164]    164Exterior side outlet:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 162.  Subject matter comprising an aperture through which the air is exhausted from the outlet passage to atmosphere, which aperture is in an outer boundary portion of the transporting device, which boundary portion faces horizontally and transverse to a direction of forward movement of the device.
(1) Note. An outlet through a vehicle side door or side pillar (e.g., C-pillar, etc.) is included in this subclass.
(2) Note. The outer boundary portion through which the air is exhausted usually forms a barrier of the ventilated space.
  
[List of Patents for class 454 subclass 165]    165Exterior rear outlet:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 162.  Subject matter comprising an aperture through which the air is exhausted from the outlet passage to atmosphere, which aperture is in a rearwardly facing, outer boundary portion of the transporting device.
(1) Note. An outlet through a rear deck of a vehicle is included in this subclass.
  
[List of Patents for class 454 subclass 166]    166VEHICULAR TUNNEL:
 This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Subject matter wherein an enclosed passageway for a passenger transporting, goods transporting, or equipment transporting device is ventilated.
(1) Note. The enclosed passageway is often underground.

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104, Railways,   subclass 52 for smoke removers in roundhouses and train sheds over locomotive smoke stacks which may be provided with means for producing an artificial draft.
  
[List of Patents for class 454 subclass 167]    167With air pump:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 166.  Subject matter comprising an air moving apparatus for forcing fresh air to or stale air from the enclosed passageway.
  
[List of Patents for class 454 subclass 168]    168MINE:
 This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Subject matter wherein an earth excavation for extracting ore or minerals is ventilated.
  
[List of Patents for class 454 subclass 169]    169With partition means (e.g., brattice, etc.):
 This subclass is indented under subclass 168.  Subject matter comprising a barrier means for resisting flow of air from one part of the earth excavation to another part of the excavation.
(1) Note. This subclass includes brattice walls, mine safety doors, etc.
(2) Note. A mere wall of a duct which carries air to, from, or along an excavation or gallery is not included in this subclass.
(3) Note. The partition means often acts as a safety device for protection from fire or explosion or is erected to deflect air toward a particular location in the excavation.

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299, Mining or In Situ Disintegration of Hard Material,   subclass 12 for processes in which a step is included for preventing injury to a human working in a mine or mining operation.
  
[List of Patents for class 454 subclass 170]    170Flexible sheet:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 169.  Subject matter wherein the flow resisting means comprises a pliable fabric or material.
(1) Note. The pliable fabric or material may be cloth, canvas, a synthetic sheeting, etc.
  
[List of Patents for class 454 subclass 171]    171Having inlet and outlet ductwork:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 168.  Subject matter comprising conduit structure for admitting fresh ventilating air to the ventilated space and for exhausting stale air from the space.
(1) Note. The conduit structure (ductwork) must be distinct from the walls defining the mine excavation or gallery.
  
[List of Patents for class 454 subclass 172]    172Having inlet ductwork:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 168.  Subject matter comprising conduit structure for admitting fresh ventilating air to the ventilated space.
(1) Note. The conduit structure (ductwork) must be distinct from the walls defining the mine excavation or gallery.
  
[List of Patents for class 454 subclass 173]    173STORAGE AREA FOR PERISHABLES:
 This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Subject matter comprising means to ventilate a space used for the safekeeping of a good subject to decay or spoilage.
(1) Note. Perishables include grain, hay, ears of corn, seeds, fruit, vegetables, etc.

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34, Drying and Gas or Vapor Contact With Solids,   subclasses 201+ for drying houses, kilns, or containers, particularly subclasses 232+ for plural gas or vapor inlets and/or outlets.
62, Refrigeration,   appropriate subclasses for ventilated rooms or chambers in combination with cooling or refrigeration means specialized to refrigeration.
  
[List of Patents for class 454 subclass 174]    174Harvested crop ventilation:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 173.  Subject matter wherein the goods comprise a newly obtained product of the soil.
  
[List of Patents for class 454 subclass 175]    175Having perforated or slotted duct contacting crop:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 174.  Subject matter comprising a conduit having a series of holes or elongated openings therealong for admitting or exhausting air from the ventilated space, the conduit being positioned so as to touch the product of the soil associated with the ventilated space.
(1) Note. The conduit is usually placed inside a pile made up of the product of the soil.
  
[List of Patents for class 454 subclass 176]    176Including insertion means:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 175.  Subject matter comprising means to facilitate placement of the conduit into the product of the soil.
(1) Note. The placement facilitating means usually comprises a pointed conduit end which allows the conduit to be forced inside a pile of the product of the soil.

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239, Fluid Sprinkling, Spraying, and Diffusing,   subclasses 271+ for apparatus including a sharpened or tapered element supported on or connected to either (1) a terminal outlet member or (2) a supply conduit means in order to adapt the apparatus to be forced through a wall, object, or mass to make the latter more accessible for spraying.
  
[List of Patents for class 454 subclass 177]    177Horizontal and vertical perforated or slotted ducts:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 175.  Subject matter comprising two or more such conduits having a series of holes or elongated openings therealong for admitting fresh air into the ventilated space, one of the conduits extending parallel to and another perpendicular to the force of gravity.
(1) Note. A floor duct is considered to be horizontal and a vertically extending wall duct is considered to be vertical.
  
[List of Patents for class 454 subclass 178]    178With air pump:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 177.  Subject matter comprising an air moving apparatus which forces the air into or withdraws it from the ventilated space.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

180,for a horizontal perforated or slotted harvested crop ventilating duct with an air pump.
181,for other perforated or slotted harvested crop ventilating ducts with an air pump.
  
[List of Patents for class 454 subclass 179]    179Horizontal duct:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 175.  Subject matter wherein the conduit extends parallel to the force of gravity.
(1) Note. A perforated, ventilating floor duct is included in this subclass.
  
[List of Patents for class 454 subclass 180]    180With air pump:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 179.  Subject matter comprising an air moving apparatus which forces the air into or withdraws it from the ventilated space.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

178,for horizontal and vertical perforated or slotted harvested crop ventilating ducts with an air pump.
181,for other perforated or slotted harvested crop ventilating ducts with an air pump.
  
[List of Patents for class 454 subclass 181]    181With air pump:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 175.  Subject matter comprising an air moving apparatus which forces the air into or withdraws it from the ventilated space.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

178,for horizontal and vertical perforated or slotted harvested crop ventilating ducts with an air pump.
180,for a horizontal perforated or slotted harvested crop ventilating duct with an air pump.
  
[List of Patents for class 454 subclass 182]    182Granular crop or corn ears:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 174.  Subject matter wherein the product of the soil in the ventilated space comprises a plurality of particle or pellet sized elements or corn ears.
(1) Note. Granular crops include grain in the kernel, malt, seeds, corn kernels, etc.
(2) Note. Potatoes and vegetables, in general, are not considered to be granular crops.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

80,for a waterborne vehicle adapted to carrying a granular crop.
175+,for a perforated or slotted duct contacting and ventilating a granular crop.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

34, Drying and Gas or Vapor Contact With Solids,   appropriate subclasses, particularly subclasses 174 , 224, 225, and 232 for means for directing air relative to means for handling or supporting material.
52, Static Structures (e.g., Buildings),   appropriate subclasses, particularly 192+, 198+, 204.1+, 218, 219, 220.1+, and 302.1+ for an enclosure or building component having no means for positively causing or directing air flow other than a port, perforation, door or window.
  
[List of Patents for class 454 subclass 183]    183Provision safe:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 173.  Subject matter comprising means to ventilate a space used for safekeeping of food or supplies ready for use or consumption.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

34, Drying and Gas or Vapor Contact With Solids,   subclasses 72 , 76, and 84 for apparatus for treating a gas or vapor that contacts solids and includes forced circulation of the gas or vapor.
187, Elevator, Industrial Lift Truck, or Stationary Lift for Vehicle,   subclasses 401+ for particular elevator load support structure or arrangement.
312, Supports: Cabinet Structure,   subclasses 31.01+ for provision safes having liquid wetted means continuously exposed to a chamber and to an unconfined gas and subclass 213 for provision safes having a perforated exterior wall.
  
[List of Patents for class 454 subclass 184]    184ELECTRONIC CABINET:
 This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Subject matter wherein the ventilated space is a nonspecific repository with shelves, drawers, or compartments for the safekeeping of electrical or electronic circuitry.
(1) Note. Ventilating systems for the interior of television cabinets or personal computer cabinets are included.
(2) Note. This subclass is meant to include on the board recitation of electric or electronic circuitry. Any details of the electric or electronic circuitry are beyond the scope of this class.

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312, Supports: Cabinet Structure,   subclasses 7.1+ for radio-type cabinets, per se, and subclasses 8+ for phonograph cabinets, per se. Cabinets in combination with apparatus such as loud-speakers, dials, tuning handles or shafts, chassis, etc., are classified with the apparatus.
455, Telecommunications,   subclass 217 for means to protect a receiver circuit or elements thereof from damage due to outside electrical influences.
  
[List of Patents for class 454 subclass 185]    185HOLLOW PARTITION:
 This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Subject matter wherein a barrier of a structure (e.g., wall, floor, roof, etc.) is made hollow for the passage of air to effect ventilation of said structure.
(1) Note. Patents wherein the ventilating transfer means is a duct or conduit within the partition are not to be placed in this subclass.

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52, Static Structures (e.g., Buildings),   subclass 302.1 for a mere vent communicating with the interior of a partition.
249, Static Molds,   subclasses 22 and 36+ for molds for forming a partition having a ventilating shaft.
  
[List of Patents for class 454 subclass 186]    186Having blower:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 185.  Subject matter wherein the ventilating air movement is forced by means such as a fan, air pump, etc.
  
[List of Patents for class 454 subclass 187]    187CLEAN ROOM:
 This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Subject matter comprising means specifically for conducting naturally occurring, normally present particles away from a work enclosure.
  
[List of Patents for class 454 subclass 188]    188HAVING PROTECTING AIR CURRENT:
 This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Subject matter comprising an air jet or air sheet forced across an opening to a (ventilated) space to prevent entrance of dust, flies, or other debris into the space.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

60,for a covered workbench chamber having an access opening which acts as an air outlet from the chamber.
  
[List of Patents for class 454 subclass 189]    189Surrounding protected area:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 188.  Subject matter wherein the air current jet or sheet substantially bounds the space being protected from dust, flies, or other debris.
(1) Note. An air jet or sheet which forms the boundary of one half or more of a space being protected is included in this subclass.
  
[List of Patents for class 454 subclass 190]    190Including plural, layered currents:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 188.  Subject matter comprising two or more distinct air jets or sheets which are positioned one outside of the other relative to the space being protected.
  
[List of Patents for class 454 subclass 191]    191Including suction outlet:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 188.  Subject matter comprising a passageway for attracting and exhausting the jet or sheet of air after it has passed across the opening.
  
[List of Patents for class 454 subclass 192]    192Including current adjusting means:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 188.  Subject matter comprising means for varying the direction, rate of flow, or character of the air jet or sheet.
  
[List of Patents for class 454 subclass 193]    193Cabinet enclosure (e.g., display case, etc.):
 This subclass is indented under subclass 188.  Subject matter wherein the ventilated space is a nonspecific repository with shelves, drawers, or compartments for the safekeeping or display of a collection of objects or materials.
(1) Note. A display case having a protecting air current is included in this subclass.
  
[List of Patents for class 454 subclass 194]    194BLAST OR SHOCK WAVE PREVENTION:
 This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Subject matter comprising a means which senses a change in pressure or air flow resulting from an explosion or a high intensity air pressure disturbance and said means acting either to allow or to obstruct air flow based upon such sensing.
(1) Note. The devices of this subclass are commonly used in association with bomb shelters, or to allow venting of a ventilated space based upon a severe atmospheric pressure drop (e.g., tornados).
(2) Note. The means usually permits flow in one direction along a conduit while blocking flow in an opposite direction.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

3+,for a backdraft preventer incorporated in chimneytop or stacktop structure, particularly subclass 26.
70+,for condition responsive pressure maintenance inside a vehicle which may include a valve.
227,for a backdraft preventer combined with a window.
238,for pressure regulation of a ventilation system which includes both inlet and outlet airways.
255,for pressure regulation of a ventilation system which includes an inlet airway.
259,for a backdraft preventer and an inlet airway.
340,for pressure regulation of a ventilation system which includes an outlet airway.
353,for a backdraft preventer and fan for an outlet airway.
359+,for a backdraft preventer for an outlet airway.
  
[List of Patents for class 454 subclass 195]    195MEANS COMBINED WITH DOOR:
 This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Subject matter comprising means to admit air to, exhaust air from, or circulate air about a (ventilated) space in combination with a moveable structure which closes off an entranceway to the space.
(1) Note. The entranceway must be for the passage of something other than mere air, for example, a human or good.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

95+,for entry-door ventilation structure in a railcar, bus, or trailer.
  
[List of Patents for class 454 subclass 196]    196MEANS COMBINED WITH WINDOW:
 This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Subject matter comprising means to admit air to, exhaust air from, or circulate air about a (ventilated) space in combination with a structure for admitting light into the space through a barrier of the space.
(1) Note. For references to the lines between Class 454 and other classes, see the search notes below.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

95+,for window ventilation structure in a railcar, bus, or trailer
128+,for window ventilation for other types of vehicles.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

49, Movable or Removable Closures,   appropriate subclasses for a mere through passage in a wall combined with a closure, e.g., a window for the passage of air. See, in particular, subclass 71 for distinct side wings movable with a closure. Also see the class definition of Class 49, Lines with Other Classes, for the lines between Class 49, Class 52, and this class (454).
52, Static Structures (e.g., Buildings),   appropriate subclasses for static structures having windows therein. See the Search Notes to the class definition of Class 52 for the lines between Class 52 and this class (454).
160, Flexible or Portable Closure, Partition, or Panel,   appropriate subclasses for screens and other flexible and portable panel type closures.
  
[List of Patents for class 454 subclass 197]    197For bed or couch:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 196.  Subject matter adapted for use with (1) a piece of furniture for reclining or sleeping or (2) a person supported on such a piece of furniture.
(1) Note. Typically, air is supplied to or removed from a person"s head by way of a window connection while the person is lying on the piece of furniture.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

5, Beds,   subclass 10.1 for a bed modified to project partly through a window or having some modification adapting them for use in connection with or relation to a window, subclasses 652.1+ for the ventilating of a cushion, and subclasses 724+ for the ventilating of a mattress.
160, Closures, Partitions and Panels, Flexible and Portable,   appropriate subclasses, particularly subclasses 45+ , for outrigged flexible and portable panels without additional means to control, direct, or cause ventilation.
  
[List of Patents for class 454 subclass 198]    198Condensation preventer:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 84.  Subject matter comprising means for preventing water, in either solid or liquid form, which has been removed from the air, from accumulating on a surface.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

85,for a condensation preventer specific to a locomotive cab.
93,for a condensation preventer specific to a railcar, bus, or trailer, in general, and not restricted to a locomotive cab.
121,for a condensation preventer specific to a vehicle, in general.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

15, Brushing, Scrubbing, and General Cleaning,   subclass 250.01 for window cleaning attachments combined with means for applying air.
52, Static Structures (e.g., Buildings),   subclasses 171.3+ for residual transparent panel with treating means and see notes.
  
[List of Patents for class 454 subclass 199]    199Skylight:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 196.  Subject matter wherein the structure for admitting light is located on a top covering portion (i.e., roof) of the ventilated space.
(1) Note. See the Search Notes below for references to lines between Class 454 and other classes.
(2) Note. Exterior vault or manhole covers are not included in this subclass.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

48,for an exterior vault or manhole cover which may also admit light.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

49, Movable or Removable Closures,   appropriate subclasses for a mere through passage in a barrier combined with a closure for the passage of air. And see Lines With Other Classes of the Class 49 class definition for the line between Class 49 and Class 454.
52, Static Structures (e.g., Buildings),   subclasses 18 , 80, 198+, and 200 for skylight-type fixtures. And see the Class 454 search notes in the Class definition of Class 52 for the line between the two classes.
  
[List of Patents for class 454 subclass 200]    200With air pump:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 196.  Subject matter comprising an apparatus for adding energy to and moving the air.
(1) Note. The air is usually moved from one side to an opposite side of the window.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

160, Flexible or Portable Closure, Partition, or Panel,   appropriate subclasses for flexible and portable window panels.
415, Rotary Kinetic Fluid Motors or Pumps,   appropriate subclasses for a blower, per se.
416, Fluid Reaction Surfaces (i.e., Impellers),   appropriate subclasses for a fan, per se.
417, Pumps,   appropriate subclasses for a motor driven blower, per se.
  
[List of Patents for class 454 subclass 201]    201Cooling air conditioner:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 200.  Subject matter wherein the air moving apparatus comprises a nominal means for lowering air temperature.
(1) Note. The mere naming of an air cooling air conditioner in the claims will allow for a document to be placed in this subclass; however, if the document claims any specific details beyond a broad fan or housing of an air conditioner, e.g., a condenser or an evaporator, it should be classified elsewhere. See the Search Class notes below.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

62, Refrigeration,   particularly subclass 262 for a window connected or mounted air conditioner, or subclasses 426+ for a cooling air conditioner with gas forcing means wherein specific details of the cooling air conditioner are claimed. See the (1) Note above.
248, Supports,   particularly subclasses 208+ for specially mounted or attached window brackets.
312, Supports: Cabinet Structure,   particularly subclass 236 for a specific air conditioner housing.
  
[List of Patents for class 454 subclass 202]    202Having readily moveable flow control means:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 201.  Subject matter comprising easily shiftable means for altering a direction or rate of flow of the air.
  
[List of Patents for class 454 subclass 203]    203With extensible side panel:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 201.  Subject matter comprising a partition or screening element attached to the apparatus and moved laterally to close or block a window opening between a window frame member and the apparatus.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

62, Refrigeration,   subclass 262 for an air conditioner (including specific details of the cooling means) mounting in a window.
  
[List of Patents for class 454 subclass 204]    204With mounting or support means:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 201.  Subject matter comprising means for holding or uniting the air moving apparatus to the window.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

62, Refrigeration,   subclass 262 for an air conditioner (including specific details of the cooling means) mounting in a window.
  
[List of Patents for class 454 subclass 205]    205Recirculation means:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 200.  Subject matter comprising means for circulating or moving a portion of air from one position in the ventilated space to another position within the space.
(1) Note. Subject matter comprising forced, "partial recirculation", wherein fresh air and recirculating air contact and are directly forced into the space by an air moving apparatus are included in this and indented subclasses unless otherwise indicated.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

99+,for forced recirculation in a railcar, bus, or trailer-type vehicle.
139+,for forced recirculation in other types of vehicles.
228+,for recirculation in a static structure (e.g., building).
261+,for inlet airways which induce recirculatory air flow.
  
[List of Patents for class 454 subclass 206]    206With specific noise inhibiting structure:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 200.  Subject matter wherein particular significance is attributed to a configuration which prevents or reduces unwanted sound.
(1) Note. See the Search Class notes below for references to the line between Class 454 and other classes.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

262,for an inlet airway, including structure for mixing plural airstreams together, which has specific noise inhibiting structure.
346,for an outlet airway having vibration absorbing or preventing structure.
906,for a cross-reference art collection of ventilating structure combined with noise inhibiting means.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

181, Acoustics,   appropriate subclasses. Note particularly subclasses 212+ for a fluid conducting-type sound muffler of a general nature, and see subclass 212, (1) Note, for the line between Class 181 and this class (454); and subclass 224 for a sound absorbing ventilating duct.
  
[List of Patents for class 454 subclass 207]    207With specific filtering means:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 200.  Subject matter wherein particular significance is attributed to a means for removing solids or other impurities from the air.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

156+,particularly subclass 158 for porous filters used to filter out solid particles in a vehicle inlet airway.
201+,for window ventilation having means for lowering the temperature of the air combined with filtering means.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

96, Gas Separation: Apparatus,   appropriate subclasses for means for removing dust and other contaminants from air, per se.
  
[List of Patents for class 454 subclass 208]    208Propeller fan having rotary axis perpendicular to window:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 200.  Subject matter comprising an air moving element which rotates about an axis lying at right angles to a plane which generally defines the window.
  
[List of Patents for class 454 subclass 209]    209With mounting means for pump reversal:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 208.  Subject matter comprising means for holding or uniting the air moving apparatus to the window and wherein the holding means permits selectively facing of the air moving apparatus in either of two opposing directions.
(1) Note. The opposing directions are usually to allow the fan to selectively introduce air to or exhaust air from the ventilated space.
(2) Note. A mounting means which must be reversed with the air pump to face the pump in an opposite direction is not included in this subclass.
  
[List of Patents for class 454 subclass 210]    210With extensible side panel:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 208.  Subject matter comprising a partition or screening element attached to the apparatus and moved laterally to close or block a window opening between a window frame and the air pump.
  
[List of Patents for class 454 subclass 211]