While theoretically all abrading (or grinding) may be said
to involve a cutting action, the cutting instrument being a natural
one, for example, the sharp edges of randomly oriented crystals,
as opposed to the teeth of a file, milling tool, or the like, nevertheless
there is a practical distinction between an abrading (or grinding)
device on the one hand, and a cutting device on the other, as means of
working various materials, which is sufficiently well understood
throughout the industrial world to permit this distinction to be
made in the classification of inventions relating to such devices.
The present classification therefore excludes any and every form
of cutting, milling, or filing if the abrading is done with materials
of sufficiently fine grain to produce a light-reflecting surface
or polish. The term "abrading" may include a polishing
device that acts by removal of an integral portion of the material
acted upon, but not such as depends upon the application of a coating
capable of taking a polish by friction or upon a compression, consolidation,
or swaging of the material, for which see Lines With Other Classes
and Within This Class, below.
Every invention relating to abrading must have to do either
with an abrading element; a tool consisting of an abrading element
or material and a holder by which it may be put to use; a machine
embodying an abrading material or tool and means for moving it or
the work, or an action equivalent to that of a tool; a holder for
the work; a method or process of abrading; an attachment or accessory
to a tool, machine, or process; or a plurality of these features.
An abrasive tool distinguished solely by the abrasive material or
composition will be found elsewhere. See References to Other Classes,
below.
Abrading machines are herein broadly classed under either
of two headings, viz., an abrading machine using a tool or material
of definite shape or character or an abrading machine having no
such tool or material. The known types of tool are an endless band
of abrasive material, a nonrotary block or pad, and a rotary cylinder or
disk. Machines using a tool are differentiated from one another,
first, by the character of the tool as to the motion given thereto
or by the absence of such motion, its function being accomplished
by movement of the work, and, second, by the manner of handling
the work.
A moving tool has either a continuous longitudinal motion
in one direction, a reciprocating motion, a rotary motion, or a
combination of two or more of these motions. In the present classification,
no patents are placed under the title "Machine, Reciprocating
Tool" in which the tool has other than a reciprocating
movement, nor any under the title "Rotary Tool" in
which it has other than a rotary motion. Those combining these motions
are placed under the title "Machine, Rotary Reciprocating
Tool." As to the second differentiation for machine, it
is to be noted that there is scarcely a type of work-handling means
which has not been applied to and used with each and every type
of tool.
In the case of a machine using a rotary tool, a further differentiation
is based upon whether the abrading is done by the peripheral or
curved face or by the radial or diametrical plane face of the tool
or by a combination of abrading surfaces (for example, a cup-shaped
tool), and upon the pluralization of tools with opposed working faces,
between which the work is treated.
In the case of a stationary tool machine, reciprocating tool
machine, or tool, per se, differentiation is based upon the flexible
or rigid characteristics of the tool.
An abrading machine is included which depends upon the use
of an amorphous or loose granular mass of abrading material in which
the work is immersed or through which it is passed or which is forcibly
carried in contact with the work. This will be found under the title "By
use of plural work holders, without tool" and the subclasses
indented thereunder, and under the titles, "Machine"; "Machine,
Rotary Tool"; "Sandblast"; or "Tumbling
device" and the subclasses indented thereunder.
A machine which uses abrading instruments of more than one
of the types recognized in this classification is placed under the
title "Machine, combined"; and those in which
an abrading means is inseparably organized with means for subjecting
the material handled to other treatment are placed under the title "Machine,
combined, with nonabrading operations."
With two exceptions (for which see Lines With Other Classes
and Within This Class, below), apparatus in which the abrading operation
is in the nature of cleaning by removal of foreign or extraneous
material from the surface of the work rather than of an integral
portion of the work itself is classified in this class.
A shot-peening machine and process for removing material from
a workpiece, as opposed to that for deforming or burnishing a workpiece
surface, are found in this class.
SECTION II - LINES WITH OTHER CLASSES AND WITHIN THIS CLASS
The present classification of abrading excludes any and every
form of cutting, milling, or filing if the abrading is done with
materials of sufficiently fine grain to produce a light-reflecting
surface or polish. Abrading may include a polishing device that
acts by removal of an integral portion of the material acted upon,
but not such as depends upon the application of a coating capable
of taking a polish by friction or upon a compression, consolidation,
or swaging of the material, such as is involved in the method or
a device classified in Class 29, Metal Working, subclasses 90.01+ and
Class 144, Woodworking, subclass 49.
CLASS 15 EXCEPTIONS
Shotting apparatus for bottle cleaning is classified in Class
15, Brushing, Scrubbing, and General Cleaning and a machine or system
for cleaning the inside of tubular work by passing a solid (sometimes
abradant) cleaning instrumentality through such work in a fluid
stream is also classified in Class 15. A device for cleaning by the
use of brushes only, without an abradant and with or without a liquid,
are excluded from this class (451) and will be found in Class 15.
Brushing, Scrubbing, and General Cleaning,
subclass 3.5 for a machine or system for cleaning the inside
of tubular work by passing a solid (sometimes abradant) cleaning
instrumentality through such work in a fluid stream (and see also
the search note under subclass 3.5 for a further statement of the
line); subclass 95 for for shotting apparatus for bottle cleaning.
(See Lines With Other Classes, above, above.)
Metal Working,
subclass 28 for a lathe with a grinding attachment; subclass
89.5 for burning-in, wearing-in, and oil burnishing; and subclasses
90.01+ for a burnishing process or apparatus. (See Lines
With Other Classes, above)
Cutlery,
subclasses 35+ for a razor with a sharpening feature, subclasses
138+ for a knife with a sharpening feature, or subclasses
329+ for a holder for a detachable blade with a sharpening
feature, which sharpening feature may be used during normal use
of the knife or may be used during sharpening of the blade. See
the line expressed in the (2) Note after the definition of Class
30, subclasses 451+, for a pencil-sharpening implement
including a statically related tool and work holder or work guide.
Abrasive Tool Making Process, Material, or Composition, for an abrasive tool distinguished solely by the
abrasive material or composition is to be found in Class 51. A nominal
recitation of an abrasive tool with a specific composition will
be found in Class 51. (Also see the Class Definition, above.)
Abrasive Tool Making Process, Material, or Composition, for the process or method of making an abrading
tool or material to be used in the device or process of Class 451.
Metal Tools and Implements, Making,
subclasses 82+ for a process or apparatus relating to tool sharpening
by the removal of stock adjacent to the edge of same by a cutting
or filing action as distinguished from an abrading action.
Foods and Beverages: Apparatus, particularly
subclasses 518+ , 560+, and 623+ for apparatus for
abrading vegetable material for the purpose of hulling or removing
the peeling.
Woodworking, (see the Class Definition for Woodworking),
subclass 38 for planing combined with polishing of wood; subclass
47 for turning combined with polishing; and subclasses 28.1+ for
a pencil-sharpening machine which may include an abrasive tool.
Wheelwright Machines,
subclass 13 for apparatus and process for treating the outer
periphery of a rubber tire casing by a slitting, or another machine
operation other than abrading, which (in the absence of this subclass)
would ordinarily be classified in accord with the particular operation.
(The treating of a rubber casing by abrading is classified elsewhere.)
Tool Driving or Impacting, for subject matter directed to driving or impacting
a tool, when such subject matter includes combined features peculiar
to tool driving, but which does not include features limiting the
subject matter to a specific tool art, such as specific shape of
the work contacting portion of a tool, related tools, or an opposed
work support.
Electrolysis: Processes, Compositions Used Therein,
and Methods of Preparing the Compositions,
subclass 93 for electrolytic coating in which a solid material
or member other than an electrode contacts the coating as it is
formed, subclass 222 for electrolytic coating combined with subsequent
contacting of a coated layer with a solid member or material (e.g.,
buffing, burnishing, polishing, etc.), and subclasses 640+ for
electrolytic erosion to change the shape or surface configuration
of an object, especially subclasses 661 and 662+ for electrolytic
erosion combined with mechanical abrasion.
Classifying, Separating, and Assorting Solids,
subclasses 67 and 191 for a mercury adhesion or gravity-type
separator combined with means for rubbing the solids.
Solid Material Comminution or Disintegration, for a comminuting process or apparatus which may
involve an abrading action. See Lines With Other Classes and Within
This Class in Class 241 for the line.
Food or Edible Material: Processes, Compositions,
and Products, particularly
subclass 483 for a process of removing the outer covering of plant
material by abrading.
Manufacturing Container or Tube From Paper; or
Other Manufacturing From a Sheet or Web,
subclass 271 for a tube-making machine which burnishes to minutely
change the size of the tube.
Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers,
subclasses 149+ for a composition containing a synthetic resin
having utility as a friction element or to a process of preparation
thereof.
PRECISION DEVICE OR PROCESS - OR WITH CONDITION RESPONSIVE
CONTROL:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Process or apparatus comprising use of means for regulating
and limiting the depth of cut of the grinder by controlling the
feed of the grinder toward the work or of the work toward the grinder.
(1)
Note. Means for regulating and limiting the depth of cut
of the grinder are often referred to as "sizing" devices.
(2)
Note. The above definition is as it has been for a long time
(except that it now includes processes) and under which the indented
subclasses (except subclasses 2 and 76) are defined. It is intended
that the "condition responsive" art will be collected
in this and the indented subclasses, to be defined in the future,
as follows: WITH CONDITION RESPONSIVE CONTROL: Abrading (or grinding)
under the class definition including the process of or means for:
(1) detecting any of the following characteristics: (a) a state
or a property; (b) a change in a state or property or an occurrence
of a predetermined event in any of the following: (i) a workpiece
being abraded; (ii) the abraded product; (iii) the abrading machine
or tool; or (iv) the environment of the machine or tool affecting
the operation thereof; and (2) initiating or modifying (as a direct
result of such detection) a force or impulse other than that generated
or transmitted by the detecting means; and, (3) regulating or modifying
(as a direct result of such initiation) the operation.
(3)
Note. This definition requires that a patent claim at least
four instrumentalities or use of same, for original placement herein.
One of these is an abrading device. The other three are: (a) a sensor (e.g.,
a photocell system, trip lever, pressure diaphragm, etc.) to detect
a condition stated in (a) of the definition; (b) an activator (e.g.,
an element to make or break an electric circuit, a clutch, a valve,
etc.) to cause a release of energy more than or different from that accounted
by mere change in condition (e.g., position, movement, etc.) of
the sensor while it is functioning; and, (c) a controller (e.g.,
a motor or driver for said apparatus) to change or cause the operation
of said apparatus. Therefore, a cam follower (or sensor) directly
linked to a controller, whereby follower movement directly effects
controller movement, is not proper subject matter for this subclass
due to lack of an activator as defined. However, the same claimed structure
is included herein if, for example, a claimed cam follower is disclosed as
breaking an electrical circuit that energizes a motor.
(4)
Note. A voluntary act of the person operating the machine
(the "operative") is not proper subject matter
for this subclass; e.g., disclosure of an abrading machine having
an on/off switch adapted to be manipulated by the operative
to start or stop the machine (even though the switch initiates a
release of energy) is not included under the limitations of this definition.
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter as set forth in the (2) Note, including use
of means to propel a stream of fluent abrasive material to effect
the abrading operation.
(1)
Note. The stream may be propelled either by a compressed
fluid (i.e., a gas or a liquid), a magnetic field, or a mechanical
centrifugal device.
(2)
Note. The fluent abrasive material herein may be sand or
any other particulate material that will perform in like manner
when propelled against a workpiece.
This subclass is indented under subclass 2. Subject matter including use of means having the capacity
to program or regulate a sequence of operations and capable of programming
or regulating this sequence of operations so that once the means
is initiated, no manual intervention is required for the machine
to perform the sequence of operations.
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter in which the operation is regulated by an
electronic device capable of performing calculations, or compiling,
correlating, or selecting data.
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter in which a light responsive means regulates
the abrading operation.
(1)
Note. Included herein is a device in which a beam of light
is reflected from the workpiece or an index mark thereon to the
light sensitive means; a micrometer operably connected to a light
source; or a device in which a tool or a workpiece covers or uncovers
the light sensitive means for sensing a condition of the tool or
the workpiece.
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter using or having means which regulate the
thermal level of the abrading machine or of the workpiece.
This subclass is indented under subclass 8. Subject matter using or including means to show the location
of an abrading tool or workpiece gripping means.
This subclass is indented under subclass 8. Subject matter combined with the use of means to relatively
move an abrading tool and workpiece gripping means.
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter combined with use of means to relatively
move an abrading tool and workpiece gripping means.
This subclass is indented under subclass 11. Subject matter combined with use of means which shifts the
position of a movement blocking member relative to the tool or work
holder.
This subclass is indented under subclass 12. Subject matter in which the position of the blocking member
is changed by engagement of an eccentric surface of a rotary member.
This subclass is indented under subclass 11. Subject matter wherein the abrading tool is caused to move
with respect to the work holder by a member adapted to turn about
an axis, the member having a helical thread adapted to engage a
relatively movable second member and force relative displacement
of the second member upon rotation of the helically threaded member.
This subclass is indented under subclass 14. Subject matter including use of a circular toothed wheel
(i.e., ratchet wheel) which is held in position or propelled by
a feather (i.e., pawl), which wheel serves to turn the screw.
This subclass is indented under subclass 16. Subject matter including use of a selected removable member
of a physical configuration to regulate the operation.
This subclass is indented under subclass 16. Subject matter wherein the ratchet is caused to move by
engagement of an eccentric surface of a rotary member.
This subclass is indented under subclass 11. Subject matter comprising means to make allowance for the
deterioration or impairment of the tool caused by wear.
This subclass is indented under subclass 21. Subject matter including use of a selected removable member
of a physical configuration to regulate the operation.
This subclass is indented under subclass 11. Subject matter wherein the feeding means is caused to move
by engagement of an eccentric surface of a rotary member.
This subclass is indented under subclass 24. Subject matter including use of a selected removable member
of a physical configuration to regulate the operation.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Method of performing a grinding operation falling within
the main ... or method of performing an ancillary operation not
elsewhere provided for.
(1)
Note. For a process of making an article or blank wherein
abrading is included in addition to metal working, see the appropriate
metal working class.
Cleaning and Liquid Contact With Solids, for a process of cleaning and liquid contact with solids
not involving (a) the use of an abradant or (b) the causing of plural
workpieces to tumble or rub against each other, particularly
subclass 7 for a process involving the use of particulate
or comminuted solid treating agents.
Electrolysis: Processes, Compositions Used Therein,
and Methods of Preparing the Compositions,
subclasses 640+ for electrolytic erosion to change the shape or
surface configuration of an object, especially subclasses 661 and
662+ for electrolytic erosion combined with mechanical abrasion.
Food or Edible Material: Processes, Compositions,
and Products,
subclass 483 for a process of removing the outer covering of
plant material by abrading.
This subclass is indented under subclass 28. Method wherein an abradant-resist is relied on to define
the work area and to protect underlying portions of the workpiece.
(1)
Note. Included in this and indented subclasses is a process
including application, formation, or modification of the resist
on the work surface.
This subclass is indented under subclass 29. Method wherein, preliminary to erosion of the defined work
area, a non-abrasion-protective portion of the shield member is
removed from a position overlying the work area.
(1)
Note. Included herein is the method wherein an abradant in
its initial function cuts through a nonresist portion.
This subclass is indented under subclass 28. Method wherein abrading of one or more workpieces is accomplished
during a series of free fall movements, or propulsions, resulting from
forces imparted thereon by a work receptacle in motion (generally
rotational), and wherein the abrading contact may be: (a) that of
mutual attrition between similarly freely moving work bodies; and/or
(b) that between a work body and the receptacle wall structure; and/or
(c) that exercised by an encompassing fluent particulate mass.
Solid Material Comminution or Disintegration,
subclasses 5 , 22, and 26 for a related process including mutual attrition
and having the function of comminuting.
This subclass is indented under subclass 32. Method auxiliary to the abrading operation and including,
relative to work or tool, a step of heating, cooling, or maintaining
a constant temperature condition.
This subclass is indented under subclass 32. Method including (a) a nonabrading step of altering the
state or shape of work to facilitate the tumbling operation; or
(b) tumbling in a particularly defined fluid medium, abradant carrier,
or atmosphere; or (c) any defined altering of state or shape of
work or product by a claimed fluid medium, abradant carrier, or atmosphere
in which the tumbling operation is accomplished.
This subclass is indented under subclass 28. Method utilizing an unbonded particulate mass through or
across which work is carried, or which accomplishes its cutting
function during motion as a fluid body.
for a method of abrading in which an unbonded particulate
film is dependent for cutting contact upon frictional forces thereon
developed by a backup plate having motion relative to and paralleling
the work surface.
This subclass is indented under subclass 36. Method including plural grinding operations one of which
is performed on a single workpiece by a fluent abradant and occurs
either concurrently with, but over a separately defined work surface,
or sequentially with another grinding operation.
This subclass is indented under subclass 36. Method wherein cutting is accomplished by forceful propulsion
of the particulate mass, as free flung bodies, against the work
surface.
the subclass from which this subclass depends, especially
subclass 37, for "liquid honing," a nonblasting
scouring operation by a stream having motion substantially parallel
to the work surface.
This subclass is indented under subclass 38. Method of blasting wherein the abradant or at least a component
of an abradant mixture is in character other than a sand (i.e.,
silica) bearing material.
Glass Manufacturing,
subclass 37 for a process of lens making involving fusion bonding
of glass and grinding, subclass 61 for a process of glassworking
combined with grinding, and subclass 181 for glassworking or treating
apparatus combined with grinding means.
This subclass is indented under subclass 28. Method for sharpening the cutting edge of cutlery comprising
a razor, knife, or a blade of a pair of scissors by an abrading
operation.
This subclass is indented under subclass 28. Method for grinding a drill, a thread, a thread die or cutter,
a reamer, or a rotary cutter such as a hob.
Cutting by Use of Rotating Axially Moving Tool,
subclass 18 for structure of that class type including a screw-threading
tool combined with means to refurbish that tool; subclass 215 for
a screw threading tool, per se.
Threaded, Headed Fastener, or Washer Making:
Process and Apparatus, for other processes of forming threads on such articles;
except as provided for in Class 408.
Metal Working,
subclasses 888.04+ , 895.3+, 898.068, 898.069, and 899+ for
a metal working process involving more than mere grinding for making
a roll or a piston.
This subclass is indented under subclass 49. Abrading process specifically directed to forming a spherical
shaped workpiece by abrading (or polishing).
Metal Working,
subclasses 888.04+ , 895.3+, 898.068, 898.069, and 899+, for
a metal working process involving more than mere grinding for making
a ball bearing or other ball.
This subclass is indented under subclass 28. Method auxiliary to the abrading operation and including,
relative to work or tool, either a particularly defined thermal
variation or control or else a detailed mode of accomplishing any heating,
cooling, or constant temperature condition.
(1)
Note. The sole disclosure of "cooling" or
of "supplying a cooling liquid" is insufficient
to define a "particularly defined" or "detailed
mode..." as above, since liquid coolant is relied on in
most abrading procedures.
This subclass is indented under subclass 28. Method auxiliary to the abrading step and wherein the workpiece
is altered in shape or to a particularly defined state, or there
is claimed specific manipulative steps for accomplishing any alteration
of state or shape.
(1)
Note. The sole disclosure of "cleaning" is
insufficient to define the critical work treatment.
This subclass is indented under subclass 28. Method wherein the abradant, either particulate material
or bonded tool, is altered in state or shape in preparation for,
or as an incidence of, the abrading operation.
(1)
Note. The mutual attrition between tool and workpiece is
not considered to be "tool treating or forming."
Abrasive Tool Making Process, Material, or Composition, for an abrasive tool making process, material, or composition
not elsewhere classifiable; and see the search notes thereunder.
This subclass is indented under subclass 28. Method wherein a workpiece is subjected to at least two
abrading operations which are relative to one another and occur
either (a) concurrently, but over separately defined work surfaces,
or (b) in sequence.
This subclass is indented under subclass 28. Method wherein abrasion is accomplished either by an unbonded
particulate or a deformable tool (e.g., flexible, resilient).
This subclass is indented under subclass 28. Method for abrading a plate or cylinder which is intended
to communicate motion to a follower by means of its edge or a groove
cut in its surface.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. A complete abrading assemblage comprised of moving components
comprising: (a) A base mounted apparatus to which a workpiece is
brought for the abrading operation, or (b) A sandblasting assemblage
comprised of means for supplying an abrasive in free flight to a
workpiece.
(1)
Note. A sandblasting assemblage in this subclass may be randomly
manipulated during use.
This subclass is indented under subclass 64. Abrading machine having an abrading tool and another tool
either (a) having a nonabrading function, or (b) having a distinct,
different abrading function, wherein the first and second tools
are mounted on a common frame.
This subclass is indented under subclass 65. Abrading machine including an abrading device acting to
remove foreign matter from a workpiece rather than remove an integral
portion therefrom.
This subclass is indented under subclass 65. Abrading machine including a grinding device of this class
combined with a device for performing another operation cognate
or accessory to the grinding operation.
Metal Working,
subclass 28 for a combined machine characterized by a mechanism
for relatively rotating the work and a turning or milling tool and which
have in addition thereto a grinding mechanism.
This subclass is indented under subclass 67. Abrading machine including an abrading device of this class
combined with another device which stresses a workpiece beyond its elastic
limit, but below the fracture point.
This subclass is indented under subclass 69. Abrading machine wherein the grinding device is intended
to abrade the surface of the workpiece previously engaged by the
cutter.
This subclass is indented under subclass 69. Abrading machine in which the other tool is intended to
turn about an axis and move along that axis with respect to material
being cut.
This subclass is indented under subclass 67. Abrading machine in which the other device completes, makes
up for a deficiency, or strengthens an operation on a workpiece.
This subclass is indented under subclass 64. Abrading machine comprising an open work receiving receptacle
containing loose abrasive material overlying or underlying the work
and which by relative movement of the work or the receptacle, or
both, is caused to produce, upon a face of the work, a grained surface
suitable for surface printing.
This subclass is indented under subclass 64. Abrading machine provided with means to propel a stream
of fluent abrasive material to effect the abrading operation.
(1)
Note. The stream may be propelled either by a compressed
fluid (i.e., a gas or a liquid), a magnetic field, or a mechanical
centrifugal device.
(2)
Note. The fluent abrasive material herein may be sand or
any other particulate material that will perform in like manner
when propelled against a workpiece.
Metal Working,
subclasses 90.1+ for a machine or process for burnishing (i.e.,
condensing, compacting, smoothing, or polishing the surface of a
metallic or nonmetallic article), including subjecting it to shot
blasting.
Boring or Penetrating the Earth,
subclass 54 for means for forming a hole in the earth by below
ground recirculation of unsupported elements (e.g., shot).
Solid Material Comminution or Disintegration,
subclass 5 for the process of comminuting and subclasses 39+ for
a comminutor in which material is propelled by a fluid blast.
This subclass is indented under subclass 75. Abrading machine specifically designed to perform an abrading
operation on the interior surface of a generally hollow cylindrical workpiece.
(1)
Note. The workpieces of this subclass may comprise a tube,
pipe, or similar structure.
Brushing, Scrubbing, and General Cleaning,
subclasses 3.5+ for cleaning of a tubular conduit. See the search
note in reference to Class 451 in the subclass 3.5 definition for
the line between these subclasses.
This subclass is indented under subclass 75. Abrading machine specifically designed to perform abrading
operations on a fuel igniting device for an internal combustion
engine.
Electric Lamp or Space Discharge Component or
Device Manufacturing,
subclass 7 for a method of making a spark plug or spark gap
and subclasses 60+ for the corresponding apparatus.
Metal Working,
subclasses 592.1+ for a process of making an electrical device in
general and subclasses 729+ for apparatus for assembling
an electrical device.
This subclass is indented under subclass 75. Abrading machine provided with means for securely supporting
and moving the workpiece past the sandblasting means.
This subclass is indented under subclass 80. Abrading machine wherein the moving work holder consists
of a belt or beltlike structure having an endless surface movable
continuously along a path defined by its longitudinal axis.
This subclass is indented under subclass 80. Abrading machine in which the work holder turns about an
axis to enable the workpiece to be rotated or moved in a circular
path while being abraded.
(1)
Note. For placement in this and indented subclasses, the
axis of rotation of the work holder does not necessarily have to coincide
with the axis of rotation of the workpiece.
This subclass is indented under subclass 82. Abrading machine wherein the work holder consists of at
least a pair of cylinders which physically engage and rotate the
workpiece.
(1)
Note. In addition to rotating the workpiece, the cylinders
may convey the workpiece through the abrading area.
(2)
Note. A machine including more than one "pair of
cylinders" is included herein.
This subclass is indented under subclass 82. Abrading machine wherein the work holder is generally a
flat, circular platform upon which the workpiece is placed.
This subclass is indented under subclass 75. Abrading machine provided with a cylindrical cage or rumble
capable of rotating into which the workpiece is placed such that
the workpiece is not securely held in the cage or rumble.
This subclass is indented under subclass 85. Abrading machine wherein the means to propel the stream
of abrasive material is a revolving body from which the bits of
abrasive material are propelled.
This subclass is indented under subclass 87. Abrading machine further provided with means to segregate
the fluent abrasive material from workpiece particles generated
by the abrading operation.
This subclass is indented under subclass 75. Abrading machine provided with a substantially closed vessel
into or through which the workpiece is placed or passed during the
abrading operation.
This subclass is indented under subclass 75. Abrading machine including a sandblasting or abrasive material
stream directing terminal outlet capable of being hand manipulated.
This subclass is indented under subclass 91. Abrading machine provided with means capable of making the
entire machine movable such that the machine can be easily transported
to, from, or about the workpiece or work area.
This subclass is indented under subclass 91. Abrading machine wherein the propelling means is capable
of impelling the abrasive material by the use of a magnetic field.
This subclass is indented under subclass 91. Abrading machine wherein the propulsion means propels the
fluent abrasive material by means of a member which physically engages and
forces the abrasive material into the stream.
This subclass is indented under subclass 94. Abrading machine wherein the propulsion means comprises
a revolving body, including particular means for feeding abrasive
material (or propellant) to the blast conduits in a sandblasting
machine.
(1)
Note. The propellant may be either a pressurized fluid and/or
liquid. The term "propellant" is the medium which
carries the abrasive material from the supply tank or hopper to
the blasting nozzle and workpiece.
This subclass is indented under subclass 95. Abrading machine wherein the propulsion means is provided
with abrasive material which is caused to flow by means other than gravity.
This subclass is indented under subclass 91. Abrading machine drawn to impeller rotor specifically adapted
for propelling abrasive material in a sandblasting machine.
This subclass is indented under subclass 91. Abrading machine drawn to a particular impeller blade specifically
adapted for propelling abrasive material in a sandblasting machine.
This subclass is indented under subclass 75. Abrading machine including particular means for feeding
abrasive material (or propellant) to the blast conduits in a sandblasting
machine.
Fluid Sprinkling, Spraying, and Diffusing, for other distributor structure, especially
subclass 336 for the discharge of a fluent solid, and subclass 379
where the material to be projected is contained in a hopperlike
receptacle usually used for solids.
This subclass is indented under subclass 99. Abrading machine provided with at least two receptacles
for holding the abrasive material wherein one receptacle feeds abrasive
by gravity to a second receptacle which subsequently feeds abrasive
to mixing chamber for the abrasive propellant.
(1)
Note. The propellant may be a pressurized fluid and/or
liquid. The term "propellant" is the medium which
carries the abrasive material from the supply tank or hopper to
the blasting nozzle and workpiece.
This subclass is indented under subclass 75. Abrading machine provided with a flow controller specifically
adapted for supplying fluent abrasive material to the blast conduit
in a sandblasting machine.
Dispensing, for a miscellaneous dispensing nozzle, and see the
notes to sections 16, 17, and 19 for the distribution of art for
sanding; abrading; material throwing, spraying, scattering, or dusting;
and nozzles.
Fluid Sprinkling, Spraying, and Diffusing, for other distributor structure, especially
subclass 336 for the discharge of a fluent solid and subclass 379
where the material to be projected is contained in a hopperlike
receptacle usually used for solids.
This subclass is indented under subclass 64. Abrading machine for removing foreign or extraneous material
from the surface of a workpiece rather than from an integral portion
of the workpiece itself.
This subclass is indented under subclass 103. Abrading machine especially adapted for scouring or removing
foreign material from the surface of articles rather than removing
an integral portion of the substance of the article itself and in
which the work is submerged under a mass of granular abrasive material.
This subclass is indented under subclass 104. Abrading machine in which the work is passed by feed-rollers
through a mass of granular abrasive material for the purpose of
scouring or removing from the surface thereof foreign or extraneous
matter.
This subclass is indented under subclass 104. Abrading machine in which the work is carried by a gripping
member that turns about an axis through a mass of granular abrasive
material for the purpose of scouring or removing from the surface
thereof foreign or extraneous matter.
This subclass is indented under subclass 104. Abrading machine in which the work (e.g., wire) is drawn
by a winding-drum through a mass of granular abrasive material for
the purpose of scouring or removing from the surface thereof foreign
or extraneous matter.
This subclass is indented under subclass 103. Abrading machine using a tool that moves to-and-fro for
the application of granular abradant to a workpiece for the purpose
of scouring (i.e., removing rust or other foreign material).
(1)
Note. The workpiece may be a kitchen knife or a similar implement.
(2)
Note. Removing rust or other foreign material is included
herein.
This subclass is indented under subclass 103. Abrading machine using the peripheral surface of a wheellike
member of a shape which may be generated by a circle moved axially,
which member turns about its central axis for the application of
granular abradant to the workpiece for the purpose of scouring it
(i.e., removing rust or other foreign material).
This subclass is indented under subclass 109. Abrading machine using opposed rotary cylinders for the
simultaneous application of granular abrasive material to opposite
sides of a workpiece for the purpose of scouring the same (i.e.,
removing foreign or extraneous materials).
This subclass is indented under subclass 103. Abrading machine employing the flat or plane face of a rotary
disk for the purpose of scouring or removing foreign or extraneous
material from the work by loose granular abrasive material applied
to the disk.
This subclass is indented under subclass 111. Abrading machine employing the flat or plane faces of opposed
rotary disks for the purpose of scouring or removing foreign material
from work placed between the disks with the aid of loose granular
abrasive material supplied to the disks.
This subclass is indented under subclass 64. Abrading machine in which the workpiece passes through or
otherwise has its whole surface submerged under a mass of loose
abrasive material.
This subclass is indented under subclass 64. Abrading machine including a first work member for supporting
a first workpiece and including a second member for supporting a
second workpiece, and in which the abrading is accomplished by mutual
moving contact of the plural workpieces.
This subclass is indented under subclass 114. Abrading machine in which the abrading is accomplished by
mutual moving contact between plural workpieces intended to be used together
to contain and adjustably restrict the flow of fluid.
This subclass is indented under subclass 115. Abrading machine by which a plug cock and its seat are abraded
to fit by mutual moving contact, with or without an abrasive supply.
Cutting by Use of Rotating Axially Moving Tool,
subclass 83.5 for a portable valve refitting device involving the
use of a cutting tool that turns about an axis and moves along that axis
with respect to a workpiece.
Cutting by Use of Rotating Axially Moving Tool,
subclass 83.5 for a portable valve refitting device involving the
use of a cutting tool that turns about an axis and moves along that axis
with respect to a workpiece.
This subclass is indented under subclass 64. Abrading machine using an abrading tool the motion of which
can be defined as a first movement about an axis and a second movement
to-and-fro along a line.
(1)
Note. In this subclass is a machine in which the active face
of the tool is not necessarily or distinctively either the peripheral
or the radial face and the reciprocation is other than a simple
rectilinear or oscillating movement in one plane.
Cutting by Use of Rotating Axially Moving Tool, for a drilling machine which feeds the work or tool or
both relative to one another along the axis of relative rotation
of tool and work; especially,
subclass 18 for a machine including a tool of that class type combined
with abrasive means to refurbish that tool, subclass 27 for an operation
of that class combined with a cutting operation of another class utilizing
a crystalline tool, and subclass 145 for a tool operable in that class
manner having a crystalline cutting edge.
This subclass is indented under subclass 119. Abrading machine wherein the abrading tool has a work engaging
surface coextensive with and parallel to the axis about which it
turns.
(1)
Note. In this subclass is a machine in which the reciprocation
of the abrading tool is other than a simple rectilinear or oscillating
movement in one plane.
This subclass is indented under subclass 120. Abrading machine wherein the abrading tool moves to-and-fro
about an axis.
(1)
Note. Including herein is a "rocking" tool
(i.e., one which moves to-and-fro about an axis that coincides with
the point of engagement of the tool with the workpiece).
This subclass is indented under subclass 121. Abrading machine especially adapted for sharpening the cutting
edge of a member intended to be used in gathering agricultural produce.
This subclass is indented under subclass 124. Abrading machine wherein the rectilinear motion is actuated
by a moving templet and coacting member riding thereon.
This subclass is indented under subclass 124. Abrading machine particularly adapted to present to the
tool, a workpiece comprising a cutting member having a cutting edge
in a first position, then turn the member over and present it in
a second position for sharpening opposing bevels of the cutting
edge.
This subclass is indented under subclass 124. Abrading machine using the external peripheral face of a
rotary abrading tool which has also rectilinear reciprocating movements
at angles to each other.
This subclass is indented under subclass 124. Abrading machine especially adapted for sharpening the cutting
edge of a member intended to be used in gathering agricultural produce.
This subclass is indented under subclass 124. Abrading machine wherein the abrading tool functions during
its traverse in one direction only, returning idle to the starting
point.
This subclass is indented under subclass 124. Abrading machine and having a second rotary rectilinearly
reciprocating cylindrical tool arranged to act upon opposite sides
of the work simultaneously with or in alternation to the first tool.
This subclass is indented under subclass 124. Abrading machine wherein the tool turns about a first axis
passing through its geometrical center, which axis, in turn, turns
about a second axis that is outside the tool.
This subclass is indented under subclass 124. Abrading machine having a workpiece gripping means that
moves to-and-fro.
(1)
Note. In this subclass are collected those machines in which
the reciprocating motion of the work holder is other than simple
rectilinear or rocking motion in one plane.
This subclass is indented under subclass 136. Abrading machine in which the workpiece is turned to-and-fro
about an axis that coincides with the point of engagement of the
tool with the workpiece.
(1)
Note. A rocking workpiece is engaged by the abrading tool
in the manner that a rocking chair is engaged by the floor.
This subclass is indented under subclass 124. Abrading machine in which the tool is mounted in a swinging
frame to permit application of the tool to any desired part of the
workpiece.
This subclass is indented under subclass 140. Abrading machine specifically adapted for sharpening a cutting
member the cutting edge of which is disposed parallel to and along
an axis in such a way that the edge extends about the axis as it
extends therealong.
This subclass is indented under subclass 140. Abrading machine especially adapted for grinding an outwardly
facing surface of the shape of a line which rotates about a central axis.
(1)
Note. Included herein is grinding of a rotating roll, shaft,
etc.
This subclass is indented under subclass 143. Abrading machine wherein the rectilinear motion is actuated
by a moving templet and coacting member riding thereon.
This subclass is indented under subclass 147. Abrading machine in which the grinding tool is formed with
a helical groove or tooth on its working surface for meshing with
and grinding a gear.
This subclass is indented under subclass 143. Abrading machine in which the workpiece is carried by a
rotary table presenting a series of workpieces in succession to
the grinder.
Machine Element or Mechanism,
subclass 813 for an assembly with means to turn a shaft or rotatably
mounted device about its axis to one or more selected loci including
means to prevent or hold against rotation at such loci.
This subclass is indented under subclass 124. Abrading machine in which the grinding tool is mounted on
support structure having to-and-fro motion along a straight line.
This subclass is indented under subclass 150. Abrading machine wherein the reciprocating motion is effected
by relative rotation between coaxial, complimentary threaded members.
This subclass is indented under subclass 150. Abrading machine in which the reciprocating motion is effected
by a pliant element (e.g., by a rope, chain, or cable).
This subclass is indented under subclass 124. Abrading machine wherein the rotary tool is supported by
a spindle which also moves in a back and forth linear motion along
its axis.
This subclass is indented under subclass 155. Abrading machine wherein the reciprocating motion is effected
by interengagement of a rotating member having an eccentric surface with
a member which engages and conforms to the movement of that surface.
This subclass is indented under subclass 119. Abrading machine wherein the abrading tool has a radial
or flat face normal to the axis about which it turns.
(1)
Note. In this subclass are collected patents in which the
reciprocating motion of the tool is other than a simple rectilinear or
rocking reciprocation in a single plane.
This subclass is indented under subclass 158. Abrading machine wherein the abrading tool moves to-and-fro
about an axis.
(1)
Note. Including herein is a "rocking" tool
(i.e., one which moves to-and-fro about an axis that coincides with
the point of engagement of the tool with the workpiece).
This subclass is indented under subclass 158. Abrading machine wherein the rotary abrading tool has to-and-fro
movement along a straight line, in one plane.
This subclass is indented under subclass 64. Abrading machine in which the abrading tool has a to-and-fro
abrading movement.
(1)
Note. In this subclass are collected machines in which the
tool has other than a simple oscillation in one plane or a simple
or compound rectilinear reciprocating movement in one plane.
This subclass is indented under subclass 162. Machine in which the abrading tool moves to-and-fro about
an axis, in one plane during abrading.
(1)
Note. Including herein is a "rocking" tool
(i.e., one which moves to-and-fro about an axis that coincides with
the point of engagement of the tool with the workpiece).
This subclass is indented under subclass 162. Abrading machine in which the abrading tool moves to-and-fro
along a straight line in one plane during abrading.
This subclass is indented under subclass 164. Abrading machine wherein the grinding tool is vibrated at
a frequency higher than that heard by the human ear (i.e., above
about 20,000 cycles per second).
This subclass is indented under subclass 164. Abrading machine in which a tool having only rectilinearly-reciprocating
movements has some of such movements at an angle to each other in
one plane.
This subclass is indented under subclass 164. Abrading machine in which the tool is a flexible or yielding
end-supported strip or band in distinction from a pad or cushion.
Cutlery,
subclasses 35+ , for a razor combined with means to facilitate sharpening
or for a device to facilitate sharpening a razor, per se, if features are
claimed restricting the device to use with a razor, such as means
for securing the blade in operative relation to a gauge or guard
that protects the skin from cuts.
This subclass is indented under subclass 170. Abrading machine in which the work holder turns to-and-fro
about an axis that coincides with the point of engagement of the
tool with the workpiece.
This subclass is indented under subclass 164. Abrading machine in which the tool is so mounted as to be
capable of swinging to the desired point of application to the work.
This subclass is indented under subclass 174. Abrading machine in which the tool is reciprocated for grinding
by the hand of the operator with a simple rectilinear motion in
one plane and is mounted in a swinging carrier.
This subclass is indented under subclass 164. Abrading machine in which the workpiece is a continuous
length of wire or the like traversed past the tool by a winding-drum.
This subclass is indented under subclass 64. Abrading machine using an abrading instrumentality that
turns about an axis more than 360° during operation.
Woodworking,
subclasses 28.1+ for a pencil-sharpening machine in which an abrasive
tool and support structure therefor are in rotary relation to a work
holder or work guide; and subclasses 28.1 and 28.9 in which the
tool is nonrotary (stationary in subclass 28.1, reciprocal or oscillatory
in subclass 28.9) and the work holder is rotated relative thereto.
Cutting by Use of Rotating Axially Moving Tool, appropriate subclasses for a drilling machine which
feed the tool or work or both relative to one another along the
axis of relative rotation of tool and work.
Gear Cutting, Milling, or Planing,
subclasses 64+ , Milling, especially subclasses 138, 139, and 140
for a machine having means to trim edge and to remove scale, raised
surface imperfection, flash, or burr.
This subclass is indented under subclass 177. Abrading machine in which abrading is accomplished using
the axially extending peripheral face of the rotary tool.
(1)
Note. The face of the abrading tool is substantially parallel
to the axis of rotation.
(2)
Note. A device including a tool face not clearly radial is
included herein.
Woodworking,
subclasses 28.11 and 28.6+ for a pencil-sharpening machine
in which a peripheral-face abrasive tool is in rotary relation to
a work holder or work guide; and subclass 28.9, in which the support
structure for the tool is stationary, relative to supporting structure
for the machine, and the work holder is rotary, relative thereto.
Gear Cutting, Milling, or Planing,
subclasses 64+ for a milling machine or for a machine disclosed
as being for use with either a milling tool or an abrading tool.
This subclass is indented under subclass 178. Abrading machine in which the tool is moved to a succession
of different positions with regular incremental movements relative
to a linear dimension of a workpiece.
This subclass is indented under subclass 182. Abrading machine having a winding member on which the work
is wound that turns about an axis and pulls the work rectilinearly
in one direction across the tool
This subclass is indented under subclass 182. Abrading machine having a moving conveyor which carries
a workpiece rectilinearly in one direction only past the rotary
abrading tool.
This subclass is indented under subclass 182. Abrading machine in which the workpiece is fed past the
tool by the relative rotation of elements having a helical groove
cut into their surfaces.
This subclass is indented under subclass 188. Abrading machine in which the workpiece is turned about
an axis, generally by the feed rollers themselves, while being fed
past the tool in one direction only.
Material or Article Handling,
subclasses 431+ for apparatus for advancing and rotating an elongated article
by means adapted to engage the article between its ends.
This subclass is indented under subclass 182. Abrading machine in which a plurality of grinding tools
are located on opposite or different sides of the workpiece and
simultaneously or successively treat such opposite or different sides
thereof.
This subclass is indented under subclass 178. Abrading machine in which a plurality of grinding tools
are located on opposite or different sides of the workpiece and
simultaneously or successively treat such opposite or different sides
thereof.
Metal Tools and Implements, Making,
subclass 50 for a machine having a rotary cutting or abrading
device for truing the points or sides of the teeth of a saw blade.
This subclass is indented under subclass 194. Abrading machine having a member which carries the workpiece
in an alternating back-and-forth movement.
(1)
Note. This subclass includes a device in which the work holder
has a motion other than a rectilinear reciprocation in one plane,
a simple rocking reciprocation, or such a reciprocation combined with
a rocking movement.
This subclass is indented under subclass 200. Abrading machine in which the work holder moves to-and-fro
about an axis that coincides with the point of engagement of the
abrading tool and the workpiece and the tool.
This subclass is indented under subclass 199. Abrading machine in which the work holder moves to-and-fro
about an axis that coincides with the point of engagement of the
abrading tool and the workpiece and the tool.
This subclass is indented under subclass 209. Abrading machine in which the workpiece is secured to a
rotary drive element for support and rotation therewith.
This subclass is indented under subclass 178. Abrading machine in which the abrading tool is mounted for
bodily movement in an orbit, as well as for rotation on its own
axis.
Gear Cutting, Milling, or Planing,
subclass 122 wherein the cutting tool is supported for rotation
about its axis and for relative arcuate translatory movement about
the circumference of the workpiece.
This subclass is indented under subclass 178. Abrading machine having means to carry the workpiece in
an alternating back-and-forth movement.
(1)
Note. The reciprocating movement of the work holder in this
subclass is other than a simple or compound rectilinear movement
in a single plane, such a movement combined with a rocking or rotary
movement, a simple rocking movement, or such movement combined with
a rotary movement.
This subclass is indented under subclass 213. Abrading machine which is adapted to hold a workpiece in
a succession of different positions with regular incremental movements
relative to the abrading surface.
Gear Cutting, Milling, or Planing,
subclass 198 for an indexable work holder which feeds a rotary
cutter toward the workpiece and subclass 221 for an indexable work
supporting structure.
This subclass is indented under subclass 213. Abrading machine in which the work holder straight line
movement is in two or more directions at an angle to one another.
This subclass is indented under subclass 213. Abrading machine in which the work holder moves to-and-fro
about an axis that coincides with the point of engagement of the
abrading tool and the workpiece.
This subclass is indented under subclass 218. Abrading machine including a rotary workpiece gripping means
for rotating with the work during the abrading operation.
This subclass is indented under subclass 222. Abrading machine having a pair of members intended to contact
an elongated, generally rodlike workpiece at both ends to support
the workpiece while allowing the workpiece to rotate with respect
to the abrading tool.
This subclass is indented under subclass 213. Abrading machine especially adapted for sharpening the cutting
edge of a member intended to be used in gathering agricultural produce.
This subclass is indented under subclass 212. Abrading machine in which the work holder moves to-and-fro
about an axis that coincides with the point of engagement of the
abrading tool and the workpiece.
This subclass is indented under subclass 227. Abrading machine in which the workpiece has a noncircular
cross section, for example a cam or lobed surface.
This subclass is indented under subclass 212. Abrading machine especially adapted for sharpening the cutting
edge of a member intended to be used in gathering agricultural produce.
This subclass is indented under subclass 178. Abrading machine in which the workpiece is supported by
a member which does not move during the abrading.
(1)
Note. The work position may be changed before or after abrading
engagement.
This subclass is indented under subclass 231. Abrading machine in which the work holder provides for a
plurality of work positions by an end for end, edge for edge, or
angular swing of the work holder.
(1)
Note. Included here is a device for sharpening a single edge
or double-edged razor blade.
This subclass is indented under subclass 231. Abrading machine especially adapted for sharpening the cutting
edge of a member intended to be used in gathering agricultural produce.
This subclass is indented under subclass 178. Abrading machine in which the abrading tool is mounted in
a swinging frame to permit application of the tool to any desired
part of the work.
This subclass is indented under subclass 178. Abrading machine in which the abrading of the workpiece
is under the control of a pattern and a follower.
Gear Cutting, Milling, or Planing,
subclasses 64+ , Milling, particularly subclasses 67 and 130 having
means to regulate operation by use of a templet.
This subclass is indented under subclass 237. Abrading machine wherein the templet is traced by an articulated
parallelogram linkage which proportionally directs the motion of
the abrading tool.
This subclass is indented under subclass 239. Abrading machine wherein the rotary templet is specifically
disclosed for grinding an optical device made from glass, plastic,
or other transparent material.
(1)
Note. This subclass takes a device for lens surface polishing
as well as one for lens generating.
This subclass is indented under subclass 178. Abrading machine including a member or rest to facilitate
the application of the work to the tool at the proper angle.
This subclass is indented under subclass 178. Abrading machine in which the work is turned about an axis
while being abraded.
(1)
Note. This subclass includes a machine in which a workpiece
is other than a disk or wheel and is merely rotated, without the
use of a specific rotary work holder.
This subclass is indented under subclass 242. Abrading machine in which the workpiece is slidingly supported
for rotation by a nonrotating member at surface of the workpiece
that coincides with the axis about which the workpiece rotates during
abrading.
(1)
Note. Opposed "dead" centers are included
in this subclass.
This subclass is indented under subclass 242. Abrading machine wherein the work is loaded into a grinding
position, supported for rotation while in contact with the abrading
tool, and then unloaded.
(1)
Note. This subclass includes patents for centerless grinders
wherein the workpiece location is fixed during abrading.
This subclass is indented under subclass 242. Abrading machine in which the work is traversed axially
past the abrading tool in one direction during the abrading process.
(1)
Note. This subclass includes patents disclosing centerless
grinding machines having a regulating wheel opposite the grinder
for rotating and traversing the work past the grinder.
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