This class deals with generating, processing, transmitting
or transiently displaying a sequence of images, either
locally or remotely, in which the local light variations
composing the images may change with time (e.g., natural
"live" scenes) by methods involving the following steps:
Step 1. The scanning of an object or a scene by
partitioning the object or scene into subareas of image information (e.g., pels
or pixels) and generating therefrom an electrical signal
representative of an image.
Step 2. The transient display of an object or a
scene image by converting an electrical signal representative of
the object image (i.e., video
signal) into a visible image of the object.
In this class, the sequence of images is intended
to portray motion with exception of special television type systems
that produce a sequence of still images from a conventional television
system (e.g., videophone, slow scan, film
retrieval, and security systems). These
special television systems normally select an image from a sequence
of images of a conventional television system and normally use a
transient display (e.g., CRT
or liquid crystal).
Facsimile images are normally of a fixed scene (e.g., document) that
do not form a sequence, cannot portray motion, and
normally the display is fixed (e.g., hard copy). (See
References to Other Classes, below.)
In television recording, the sequence of images are dynamically
recorded for later reproduction.
SUBCOMBINATIONS OF TELEVISION SYSTEMS
This class includes circuits specially designed for dealing
with a peculiar component of the television signal (e.g., sync
or chrominance), as distinct from merely signals
of a particular frequency range.
Electrical circuits that are not specific to television which
may constitute subcombinations of such apparatus are classified
in the appropriate class for such circuits.
For a video camera or television receiver having a static storage
device as subcombination, see Subclass References to the
Current Class, below.
SECTION II - LINES WITH OTHER CLASSES AND WITHIN THIS CLASS
COMBINATIONS OF OTHER APPARATUS WHICH INCLUDE APPARATUS OF
THIS CLASS
This class does not include the following subject matter:
1. Systems in which legible alphanumeric or like
character forms are analyzed according to step 1 above to derive
an electric signal from which the character is recognized by comparison
with stored information are classified elsewhere. (See
References to Other Classes, below.)
2. Systems for the direct photographic copying of
an original picture in which an electric signal representative of
a characteristic of the picture is derived and employed to modify
the operation of the system are classified elsewhere. (See
References to Other Classes, below.)
3. Systems for the reproduction, according
to step 2, of images comprising alphanumeric or computer
generated graphics and systems for the conversion of a computer generated
signal into a television signal are classified elsewhere. (See
References to Other Classes, below.)
4. Systems for the dynamic recording, or
reproducing, of black and white television using a nonmagnetic medium, systems
for the dynamic recording or reproducing of color television, and
systems for photographing displayed images are classified elsewhere. (See References
to Other Classes, below.)
5. Systems for the dynamic recording or reproducing
of black and white images from magnetic media (e.g., magnetic
tape) are classified elsewhere. (See
References to Other Classes, below.)
For related elements or systems, see References to
Other Classes, below.
SECTION III - SUBCLASS REFERENCES TO THE CURRENT CLASS
Radiant Energy,
subclasses 200+ and 216+ for photocells, circuits
and optics therefor, and subclasses 330+ and 338+ for
devices responsive to invisible radiation.
Computer Graphics Processing and Selective Visual
Display Systems, for systems for the reproduction, according
to the Class 348 Class Definition, step 2, of
images comprising alphanumeric or computer generated graphics and systems
for the conversion of a computer generated signal into a television
signal. (Lines With Other Classes and Within
This Class, "Combinations of Other Apparatus Which Include
Apparatus of This Class").
Recorders,
subclasses 150.1+ for electric recording of phenomenon, particularly
subclasses 150.2 for electric discharge and 150.3 for
electrochemical, subclasses 134 for particular record receivers, subclasses
139+ for scanning devices for markers, and subclasses 107.1+ for
light or beam recording of phenomenon.
Photocopying,
subclass 38 for systems for the direct photographic copying
of an original picture in which an electric signal representative of
a characteristic of the picture is derived and employed to modify
the operation of the system. (Lines With Other
Classes and Within This Class, "Combinations of Other Apparatus Which
Include Apparatus of This Class").
Optics: Measuring and Testing,
subclasses 3+ for range or distance measurement, subclasses 241.1+ for
borescopes, subclasses 426+ and 237.1+ for
inspection devices, and subclasses 402+ for shade
or color measuring.
Facsimile and Static Presentation Processing, appropriate subclasses for transmitting, processing, or
reproducing a permanent picture, and particularly
subclass 479 wherein the image signal is generated by a television
type camera. (See References to Other Classes, above.)
Optical: Systems and Elements, various subclasses for optical devices, especially
subclass 1 for holography, and
subclasses 196.1 through 226.3for holographic deflectors, subclasses 196.1
through 226.3 and 887 for light beam deflectors and sequentially
additive filters.
Dynamic Magnetic Information Storage or Retrieval,
subclasses 9.1+ , 14.1+, 19.1, and 33.1+ for
dynamic magnetic recorders peculiar to non-color television
signal processing. (Lines With Other Classes and
Within This Class, "Combinations of Other Apparatus Which
Include Apparatus of This Class").
Electricity: Electrical Systems and
Devices,
subclass 243 for synchronization of shafts and subclasses 173+ and
211 for a photosensitive device in circuits for electromagnets.
Static Information Storage and Retrieval, appropriate subclasses. The storage of
information, which includes video signal processing, is
excluded from this class.
Dynamic Information Storage or Retrieval, appropriate subclasses for recording or reproducing
information absent any feature peculiar to video processing.
Pulse or Digital Communications, for communication using pulse or digital signals which
do not include video signals, with particular exception, digital
television bandwidth compression are classified in
subclasses 240.01 through 240.29.
Image Analysis, for systems in which legible alphanumeric or like
character forms are analyzed according to the Class 348 Class Definition, step
1, to derive an electric signal from which the character
is recognized by comparison with stored information. (Lines
With Other Classes and Within This Class, "Combinations
of Other Apparatus Which Include Apparatus of This Class").
Motion Video Signal Processing for Recording or
Reproducing, appropriate subclasses for recording television
or video signals for retrieval at a later time.
Photography, appropriate subclasses for a camera which when actuated
uses light to record a chemically developable image or subcombinations
thereof. See Lines With Other Classes and Within This
Class, in the class definition therein for the line with
Class 348.
Data Processing: Generic Control Systems
or Specific Applications,
subclasses 90 through 306for the application of a computer in various combinations
that may include use of television equipment, as in, for
example, subclasses 95-212 product manufacturing, and subclasses
245-264 for data processing of robot control systems.
Data Processing: Measuring, Calibrating, or Testing, for the application of a computer in measuring, testing, or
calibrating apparatus that may include use of television equipment.
Data Processing: Speech Signal Processing, Linguistics, Language
Translation, and Audio Compression/Decompression,
subclasses 200+ for artificial intelligence systems that process speech
signals.
Data Processing: Artificial Intelligence, various subclasses for artificial intelligence systems
that represent, apply, and acquire knowledge and
subclasses 15+ for neural networks and circuits.
Electrical Computers and Digital Processing Systems: Multicomputer
Data Transferring, appropriate subclassesfor data transmission among plurality of spatially
distributed computers or digital data processing systems and FOR
101 for foreign art collection of computer-bases communication
engineering which may include object defection or tracking.
Error Detection/Correction and Fault
Detection/Recovery, appropriate subclasses for digital data error in
general.
SECTION V - GLOSSARY
BASIC RECEIVER
A receiver for converting incoming electric signals into television
pictures and the associated sound.
BURST
Also called reference burst, the portion of
the composite or noncomposite color-picture signal, comprising
a few cycles of a sine wave of chrominance subcarrier frequency, that
is used to establish a reference for demodulating the chrominance
signal.
COMPOSITE COLOR SIGNAL
A color picture signal with all blanking and synchronizing
signals. Including luminance and chrominance components; vertical- and
horizontal-sync pulses; vertical- and
horizontal-blanking pulses; and the color burst signal, with
or without accompanying audio.
COMPOSITE VIDEO SIGNAL
A signal in television that conveys all of the intelligence present
in the image together with the synchronizing information (e.g., vertical
and horizontal pulses) with or without audio information.
CONVENTIONAL CHANNEL
A portion of the spectrum assigned for the standard operation
of a specific carrier and the minimum number of sidebands necessary
to convey intelligence.
FORMAT
The particular method for combining the time variable video
signal with a synchronizing signal to allow reconstruction of an
image from the originating video signal.
FREQUENCY DOMAIN
A way of looking at the frequency of waveform components.
IMAGE SENSOR
A generic name for both cathode-ray tube and
solid-state imaging devices which converts an optical image of
an object into an electrical signal representative of the object
image.
KEYSTONING
A distorted scanning pattern, with a top wider
than the bottom or vice versa, produced when the electron
beam in the television camera tube is at angle with the principal
axis of the tube.
PICKUP TUBE
A television camera tube consists of a cathode-ray
tube which includes vidicon, orthocon, iconoscope, or
plumbicon (i.e., vidicon with
lead-oxide target, trademark of N. V. Philips
of Holland).
PIXEL OR ELEMENT RATE
The smallest distinguishable and resolvable area in an image.
SCANNING
The successive analyzing or synthesizing, according
to a predetermined method, the light values or equivalent characteristics
of elements constituting a picture area.
SOLID-STATE IMAGING DEVICE
A device that uses a mosaic of tiny light-sensitive
semiconductors (photo-transistors) to
produce individual outputs which are then converted into a coherent
video signal.
SPATIAL CONTENT, DOMAIN
The content of a single video image.
TEMPORAL CONTENT
The content of the image is changed with respect to time.
VIDEO SIGNAL
A signal in television derived from optical image (e.g., active
video).
TWO-WAY VIDEO AND VOICE COMMUNICATION (E.G., VIDEOPHONE):
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter comprising a bidirectional communication
of both image signal and accompanying speech signal over a transmission
line.
Interactive Video Distribution Systems,
subclass 99 for user-requested video program using
a telephone network, subclass 106 for telephony via a television
distribution network, and subclass 122 for detail of return
path via telephone network in video distribution with upstream communication.
This subclass is indented under subclass 14.01. Subject matter using communication medium other than transmission
line (e.g., radio frequency
or infrared frequency).
Data Processing: Presentation Processing
of Document, Operator Interface Processing, and
Screen Saver Display Processing,
subclasses 733 through 759for concurrently established related or collaborative
user interfaces including computer conferencing and computer supported
cooperative work.
Motion Video Signal Processing for Recording or
Reproducing, appropriate subclasses for recording television or
video signals for retrieval at a later time.
Electrical Computers and Digital Processing Systems: Multicomputer
Data Transferring,
subclasses 204 through 207for multiple computer conferencing with significant
data processing.
This subclass is indented under subclass 14.08. Subject matter wherein transmitted image information represents
only changes from a previous image among three or more terminals.
This subclass is indented under subclass 14.01. Subject matter including a structure for selectively connecting
a conversational video call to a receiving station.
This subclass is indented under subclass 14.01. Subject matter including detail of signals formatting, modulating, combining
voice and video, or synchronizing for transmission between
stations.
This subclass is indented under subclass 14.12. Subject matter including particular details of transmission
scheme for reducing or reconstructing transmission bandwidth.
Multiplex Communications,
subclass 477 for transmission bandwidth conservation and subclass
521 for time compression of expansion for multiplex signals.
Data Processing: Speech Signal Processing, Linguistics, Language
Translation, and Audio Compression/Decompression,
subclasses 500 through 504for audio signal bandwidth or time reduction or
expansion.
Pulse or Digital Communications,
subclasses 240.12 through 240.17for digital television predictive bandwidth reduction
which may include field or frame difference.
This subclass is indented under subclass 14.01. Subject matter including a structure to ensure that the
user is positioned properly in front of a television camera.
PLURAL TRANSMITTER SYSTEM CONSIDERATIONS (E.G., INTERFERENCE REDUCTION):
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter including two or more transmitters with means
or method for reducing interference between the transmitters.
(1)
Note. Such methods include frequency offsets and
special formats.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter involving a periodic or selective transmission
of single video frames during a period greater than the period required for
a portrayed motion.
(1)
Note. A portrayed motion requires at least 8 frames
per second. In a television system, 25 or 30 frames
per second are mostly used.
(2)
Note. A system included herein is normally intended
for use with a telephone system, but the telephone system
is not claimed.
for two way conversational television systems which
may use a slow scanning transmission technique, and see particularly
subclass 18 for a still frame transmission.
This subclass is indented under subclass 22. Subject matter wherein the transmitted video signal includes
portions indicating the existing color of an original object or
scene.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter comprising a system which forms a series
of unrelated images at convention frame rates and a receiver which selectively
grabs one frame for display.
(1)
Note. The frame selected is selected as the viewer
watches a program. The systems classified herein often
are selected when the frame code matches a viewer selected code.
IMAGE FALSIFICATION TO IMPROVE VIEWER PERCEPTION OF SELECTIVE OBJECT (E.G., MOVING
OBJECT OR TARGET):
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter involving a system wherein a picture is presented
or processed in such a manner as to enable a viewer to quickly perceive
selected information in the picture.
(1)
Note. Included herein are systems that subtract
two images to present the difference, such as motion, or
subtract a polarized image from a nonpolarized image to present
objects that polarize light.
This subclass is indented under subclass 25. Subject matter wherein a display is produced in the form
of a line drawing, a line being generated as a result of
the interconnection of points exhibiting substantial changes between
adjacent pixels.
This subclass is indented under subclass 25. Subject matter wherein a picture signal is separated into
discrete amplitudes to expand the difference between selected information
and background.
This subclass is indented under subclass 25. Subject matter wherein a picture signal has (a) a
selected geometrical area with a gray scale which is extended generally
to a full range or (b) a selected range of gray
scale which is extended generally to a full range to enable a viewer
to perceive a selected object from a similar background.
This subclass is indented under subclass 25. Subject matter including a color display with a presentation
or processing that uses differences in color to accentuate different
information in an image.
(1)
Note. An example of a system found herein is a movement
detection system that presents one field in green and the other
in magenta (blue and red) such that stationary
objects are in black and white and moving objects are outlined in
color.
(2)
Note. A system that maps different gray levels to
arbitrary colors is found in subclass 34 (pseudo color
including intensity to color conversion) regardless of the
statement of intent to provide a colored display or to present data
for easier presentation.
This subclass is indented under subclass 29. Subject matter including means for mapping a narrow area
of the hue circle into a larger area of the hue circle.
(1)
Note. For example, if the center of the narrow
area is red after hue expanding, red input will be displayed
as red, purple input will be displayed as blue, and orange
input will be displayed as yellow.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter including means to minimize an adverse effect
on a reproduced picture due to the presence of an imperfect optical medium
between an object being viewed and a camera.
(1)
Note. Examples of imperfect optical medium are turbid
water or atmospheric fog which may scatter light transmitted between
the camera and the object, the reduction of backscattered
light may be obtained by gating a camera during a period corresponding
to the round trip transit time of light from the light source to
the object and back to the camera.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter including generating, transmitting, recording, reproducing, or
displaying a picture representative signal which includes portions
indicating arbitrarily assigned color.
This subclass is indented under subclass 32. Subject matter including more than one picture signal each
represented by a distinct frequency band which is arbitrarily assigned
a color.
(1)
Note. For example, more than one camera
is pointing to a sole object, each camera is responsive
to a different specific band of wavelengths.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter including generating, transmitting, recording, reproducing, or
displaying a picture representative signal which includes portions
indicating arbitrarily assigned gray level representative of color.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter including means for generating television
information for a wide-angle field of view.
(1)
Note. The wide-angle field of view should
be greater than the television wide aspect ratio (e.g., 16:9).
This subclass is indented under subclass 36. Subject matter wherein a continuously rotating element is
used to generate images of successive portions of the scene.
This subclass is indented under subclass 36. Subject matter wherein more than one transmission path is
used to provide simultaneously plural portions of the scene.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter wherein the picture signal includes information
derived from an object wave formed by the resulting interference
pattern of two mutually coherent component light beams.
(1)
Note. In the holographic process a coherent beam
is first split into two component beams, one of which irradiates
a recording medium. The diffraction or scattering of the
first component beam by the object forms the object wave which proceeds
to, and interferes with, the second component
beam or reference wave at the medium. The resulting pattern
is a three-dimensional record (hologram) of
the object wave.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter in which the picture signal also includes
portions indicating the three-dimensional nature of the
original object or scene.
This subclass is indented under subclass 42. Subject matter including an arrangement for combining video
signals representing different viewing positions for transmission.
This subclass is indented under subclass 42. Subject matter wherein a stereoscopic picture signal generator
is combined with an instrument which is used for the medical inspection of
the interior of a human body.
This subclass is indented under subclass 42. Subject matter including means for scanning an object or
scene and deriving in response thereto a stereoscopic picture signal.
This subclass is indented under subclass 46. Subject matter including an arrangement for optically combining
different views for presentation to a single scanning device.
This subclass is indented under subclass 46. Subject matter wherein the camera is either continuously
or intermittently moved between left and right viewing positions.
This subclass is indented under subclass 42. Subject matter including means for converting an image representative
electrical signal (i.e., video
signal) of an object or scene into a visible image.
This subclass is indented under subclass 51. Subject matter wherein the display device is mounted on
a support adapted to be worn by a user at the level of his field
of view.
This subclass is indented under subclass 51. Subject matter includes an arrangement for optically presenting
different views from a single display device to the right and left
eye of a viewer.
This subclass is indented under subclass 54. Subject matter wherein the different views are presented
to respective eyes of the viewer during alternating time periods.
This subclass is indented under subclass 55. Subject matter wherein the different views are presented
to respective eyes of the viewer by the use of shutters alternately
opening and closing.
This subclass is indented under subclass 55. Subject matter wherein the different views are presented
to respective eyes of the viewer by the use of at least one polarizing
filter whose axis of polarization is alternately changed.
This subclass is indented under subclass 54. Subject matter wherein the different views are presented
to respective eyes of the viewer by the use of at least one optical
device which vibrates a light ray passed therethrough in accordance
with a particular orientation pattern.
This subclass is indented under subclass 54. Subject matter wherein the different views are presented
to respective eyes of the viewer by the use of a screen comprising
multiple lens elements.
This subclass is indented under subclass 54. Subject matter wherein the different views are presented
to respective eyes of the viewer by the use of contrasting color
filters on each eye, usually red on one eye and blue or
green on the other.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter including modification of or addition to
an ordinary television system to adapt that system to a specific
use.
This subclass is indented under subclass 61. Subject matter wherein a particular representation is generated
in a form (a) which is to be principally interpreted
by a sense other than the sense of sight or (b) which
is easy to perceive by an individual having partial loss of sight.
(1)
Note. Examples of nonvisible displays are a matrix
of mechanical or electrical elements which selectively apply pressure
or voltage to portions of a person and electrodes which may be implanted into
appropriate areas of the brain.
Prosthesis (i.e., Artificial
Body Members), Parts Thereof, or Aids
and Accessories Therefor, appropriate subclasses for artificial body members, including
seeing aids for the blind.
This subclass is indented under subclass 62. Subject matter wherein the reproduced picture of a viewed
object is greater in dimension than the viewed object.
This subclass is indented under subclass 61. Subject matter wherein a picture signal generator is combined
with a photographic still or motion picture camera to provide a
visible indication of the scene being photographed (e.g., remote
viewing by an operator or a director).
This subclass is indented under subclass 61. Subject matter wherein a picture signal generator is combined
with an instrument which is used for the medical inspection of the
interior of a human body.
This subclass is indented under subclass 65. Subject matter wherein the picture signal generator is combined
with the endoscope for the examination of teeth or gum.
This subclass is indented under subclass 65. Subject matter wherein an endoscopic light source is provided
by an optical resonator which utilizes the natural oscillations
of atoms or molecules between energy levels to transform an incoherent
light into a very narrow, intense beam of coherent electromagnetic
radiation in the ultraviolet, visible, or infrared regions
of the spectrum.
(1)
Note. Laser is an acronym for "Light Amplification
by Stimulated Emission of Radiation."
This subclass is indented under subclass 65. Subject matter wherein an optical arrangement is used to
direct a light source or to control the intensity of a light source
projected on the inspected surface of a human body.
Radiant Energy,
subclass 203.2 for photocell control illumination of a target
by artificial light source and subclasses 227.29, 227.3, 227.31, and 227.32
for light conductor with particular illumination.
This subclass is indented under subclass 68. Subject matter wherein the generated picture signal is fed
back to the light source to regulate the intensity of light projected
on the inspected surface of the human body.
This subclass is indented under subclass 68. Subject matter wherein the picture signal is displayed in
a hue as a result of a sequential illumination of an object by different
wavelengths (e.g., red, green, blue, etc.).
This subclass is indented under subclass 65. Subject matter including an auxiliary structure for coupling
the endoscope to the picture signal generator or to another apparatus
or system.
This subclass is indented under subclass 65. Subject matter comprising a configuration detail of an endoscope
optical arrangement or its solid-state integrated circuit
layout.
This subclass is indented under subclass 61. Subject matter wherein the television system is specifically
used for examining a person in total or part.
This subclass is indented under subclass 61. Subject matter wherein the television system is combined
with an optical instrument which generates enlarged images of minute
objects.
This subclass is indented under subclass 79. Subject matter wherein the microscope utilizes an electron
beam for the observation and recording of submicroscopic samples.
This subclass is indented under subclass 61. Subject matter wherein a picture signal generator is mounted
on or enclosed within an apparatus permitting placement of the generator
in an environment below the surface of the water.
Handling: Hand and Hoist-Line Implements,
subclass 66.2 for an underwater television camera, nominally
claimed, in combination with underwater handling equipment.
This subclass is indented under subclass 61. Subject matter wherein a picture signal generator is enclosed
in or provided with structure to permit its use in environments
of extreme heat or radiation or where access is not possible by humans
or an ordinary television system.
This subclass is indented under subclass 82. Subject matter wherein the hazardous environment is an enclosed
structure in which relatively intense heat is produced.
Nuclear Technology, digest 235 for monitoring, testing, or
maintaining a structural combination of reactor core or a moderator
structure with viewing means which may be a television camera.
This subclass is indented under subclass 82. Subject matter wherein the inaccessible environment is a
hole drilled in the earth (e.g., an exploratory
well).
Wells,
subclasses 64 and 66 for well apparatus including measuring, testing, or
indicating means and subclasses 250.01+ for well
processes including measuring, testing, or indicating.
Acoustics,
subclasses 102+ for well exploration by use of seismic prospecting
systems which do not involve the handling of electric signals that contain
geophysical information.
Radiant Energy,
subclasses 256+ for ray energy detection or measurement (including
detection or measurement of radioactive materials) applied
to a borehole or drilling study.
Communications, Electrical:
Acoustic Wave Systems and Devices,
subclasses 25+ for seismic well logging using acoustic wave responsive
electrical means.
This subclass is indented under subclass 61. Subject matter wherein a picture signal generator (i.e., television
camera) is utilized for monitoring a manufacturing operation.
(1)
Note. Patents included in this subclass contain
detailed structure of the television system and nominal or no specific recitation
of machine or tool structure. Patents with detailed structure
of the tool or machine are classified according to the tool or machine
structure.
This subclass is indented under subclass 86. Subject matter wherein the manufacturing object includes
a semiconductor substrate or a board on which multiple semiconductor devices
are integrated.
Metal Working,
subclass 833 for methods of assembling an electronic component
to an insulative base by utilizing an optical sighting device wherein
the assembly is performed at least in part by using means which
aid or enhance visual location or determination of the position
of the component relative to the base.
This subclass is indented under subclass 86. Subject matter wherein an object being manufactured is a
thin sheet, plate or strip, or a thin flexible
threadlike object.
This subclass is indented under subclass 86. Subject matter wherein an object being manufactured is a
produced crop or a livestock or a preparation of these products.
This subclass is indented under subclass 86. Subject matter wherein the picture signal generator is used
to separate manufactured objects in different categories by structure
or destination.
This subclass is indented under subclass 86. Subject matter wherein the picture signal generator is used
to determine acceptability of a manufactured object.
This subclass is indented under subclass 92. Subject matter wherein the control involves a distinction
of different aspect of an object or a light source in terms of hue.
This subclass is indented under subclass 86. Subject matter wherein the television system is used to
determine a point or a place where an object is located.
This subclass is indented under subclass 94. Subject matter wherein the television system is used in
manufacturing to help adjust an apparatus or place an object to
an appropriate position.
This subclass is indented under subclass 61. Subject matter including an apparatus to position a picture
signal generator or the record whereby the record can be viewed
by the picture signal generator and displayed on a display device.
(1)
Note. The picture signal generator and display may
also be utilized as an aid in locating a given record.
Dynamic Magnetic Information Storage or Retrieval,
subclasses 9.1+ , 14.1+, 19.1, and
33.1+ for magnetic storage or retrieval of non-color
television signals.
This subclass is indented under subclass 96. Subject matter including means for scanning a motion picture
film (e.g., telecin) and
synchronously advancing or stepping the film past the scanning apparatus.
This subclass is indented under subclass 98. Subject matter wherein the mechanical optical scanning means
provides a small beam of light which moves over a film and translates
the highlights and shadows into electrical signals.
This subclass is indented under subclass 97. Subject matter wherein the scanning means provides a small
beam of light which moves over a film and translates the highlights
and shadows into electrical signals.
This subclass is indented under subclass 100. Subject matter wherein the picture signal generated having
portion indicating the existing color of an object or scene in the
film.
This subclass is indented under subclass 100. Subject matter wherein the film is advanced past the scanner
in a periodically stopping and moving manner.
This subclass is indented under subclass 100. Subject matter including apparatus to modify the scanning
motion of the scanning means to properly coordinate the scanning
motion with the film position.
This subclass is indented under subclass 97. Subject matter wherein the picture signal generated having
portion indicating the existing color of an object or scene in the
film.
This subclass is indented under subclass 97. Subject matter wherein the film is advanced past the scanner
in a periodically stopping and moving manner.
This subclass is indented under subclass 97. Subject matter including apparatus to modify the scanning
motion of the scanning means to properly coordinate the scanning
motion with the film position.
This subclass is indented under subclass 96. Subject matter wherein the scanning means provides a small
beam of light which moves over a film and translates the highlights
and shadows into electrical signals.
This subclass is indented under subclass 108. Subject matter wherein the picture signal generated having
portion indicating the existing color of an object or scene in the
film.
This subclass is indented under subclass 96. Subject matter including a photographic transparency or
film individually mounted on a frame adapted to be moved to a scanning
area.
This subclass is indented under subclass 110. Subject matter wherein the picture signal generated having
portion indicating the existing color of an object or scene in the
slide.
This subclass is indented under subclass 61. Subject matter wherein a picture signal generator or reproducer
is used with a steerable vehicle to permit control of the vehicle
from a remote location or to provide an indication in the vehicle
of its position as an aid in the guidance of the vehicle.
(1)
Note. Included here is a significant television
processing system and nominal recitation of the vehicle.
Communications: Electrical,
subclasses 945+ for electrical aircraft alarm or indication systems, subclasses
984+ for electrical watercraft alarm or indication systems, subclasses
988+ for electrical vehicle position indication systems, and
subclasses 425.5+ for electrical land vehicle
alarm or indication systems.
This subclass is indented under subclass 113. Subject matter wherein a picture signal generator or reproducer
is used with a steerable vehicle to permit control of the vehicle
from a distant location.
This subclass is indented under subclass 113. Subject matter wherein a television image is optically superimposed
upon a real live scene within a field of view of an observer.
(1)
Note. The superimposition is typically performed
by a partially silvered mirror.
This subclass is indented under subclass 113. Subject matter including an apparatus for assistance in
pointing out a proper route or determining coordinates of an unknown
place in reference to a known place.
Communications: Electrical,
subclasses 988+ for electrical vehicle position indication systems
and subclasses 425.5+ for electrical land vehicle
alarm or indication systems.
This subclass is indented under subclass 118. Subject matter wherein certain functions of the vehicle
can be set in advance by previously stored instructions.
This subclass is indented under subclass 61. Subject matter including television means to recreate some
aspects of the displayed environment (e.g., land, air, or
sea).
Communications: Electrical,
subclass 384 for apparatus for producing audible sounds as signaling
indications such as sound which simulates the noise in an airplane
for use in training programs.
Education and Demonstration,
subclasses 111 , 186, and 239+ for apparatus
to instruct in the navigation of various vehicles; subclasses
43 and 69 for apparatus to instruct in the use of various vehicles; and
subclasses 11+ for apparatus to portray various operations
in war.
This subclass is indented under subclass 121. Subject matter wherein the particular environment to be
simulated is a condition that affects the quality or state of being
visible.
This subclass is indented under subclass 121. Subject matter wherein the particular environment to be
simulated is a load-carrying structure for navigation in
the air or in space.
This subclass is indented under subclass 61. Subject matter wherein a picture signal generator is utilized
to view an object and the signals so generated produce a display
whereby imperfections in the object may be visually observed, or
wherein the signals generated are compared with signals representative
of a standard to provide an indication of whether imperfections exist
in the object.
Optics: Measuring and Testing,
subclasses 426+ for optical inspection of an article with agitation
or rotation; subclasses 429+ for inspection of moving
webs or thread; and subclasses 237.1+ for
optical systems for detecting flaws or imperfections.
This subclass is indented under subclass 125. Subject matter wherein the object to be inspected is a semiconductor
substrate or a board on which multiple semiconductor devices are
integrated.
This subclass is indented under subclass 125. Subject matter wherein the object to be observed for imperfection
detection is a clear receptacle or a clear flexible covering or
its content.
This subclass is indented under subclass 125. Subject matter wherein the television system aids in inspecting
the appearance of an surface for its polish (smoothness) or
its pattern structure regularity (texture).
This subclass is indented under subclass 125. Subject matter wherein the picture signals of a viewed object
is compared with signals representative of a standard to provide
an indication of whether imperfections exist in the object.
This subclass is indented under subclass 129. Subject matter wherein a device is used to hold picture
signals of reference objects, which will be retrieved latter
to compare with picture signals of the inspected object.
This subclass is indented under subclass 125. Subject matter wherein a particular optical arrangement
or material is used for directing a light source or varying its
brightness on the surface of an inspected object.
This subclass is indented under subclass 131. Subject matter wherein a flashtube is used to emit a high
intensity flash of light into an examination region.
This subclass is indented under subclass 133. Subject matter wherein a video signal of one scan line is
being compared to a video signal of a preceding line.
This subclass is indented under subclass 61. Subject matter including apparatus for utilizing the signal
developed by a picture signal generator viewing an object or scene
to provide quantitative information about the object or scene.
This subclass is indented under subclass 135. Subject matter wherein a known geometry light source (i.e., optical
pattern) is projected onto the surface of an object for
measuring purpose.
This subclass is indented under subclass 135. Subject matter wherein an image of a series of marks at
known intervals (i.e., scale) is
superposed on an image of an object on a picture pickup device for
measuring purpose.
This subclass is indented under subclass 135. Subject matter wherein several cameras are placed on a line
of known position and are aimed at a target to determine the position
or orientation of the target.
This subclass is indented under subclass 135. Subject matter including an instrument for determining a
distance to an object based on the known dimension of the object.
This subclass is indented under subclass 135. Subject matter wherein the picture signal of an object is
displayed with a superposed identifying marker (cursor) used
to determine the dimension of the object.
This subclass is indented under subclass 135. Subject matter wherein the camera or object position change
is considered as a factor for determining a dimension.
This subclass is indented under subclass 61. Subject matter including apparatus to view a scene at a
specified location remote from the reproducer for the purpose of
monitoring a specific location, function, or event
not provided for in the above subclasses.
This subclass is indented under subclass 143. Subject matter wherein the specific location, function, or
event is viewed from an aircraft or satellite.
This subclass is indented under subclass 144. Subject matter having a plurality of photosensitive elements
arranged in one row to perform a line scanning.
This subclass is indented under subclass 144. Subject matter having a mirror type apparatus rotating about
an axis to accomplish one scanning dimension.
This subclass is indented under subclass 144. Subject matter having an image processing apparatus which
corrects any distortion produced in the picture image when the position
of the observed point is moved with respect to the picture image
pickup.
This subclass is indented under subclass 143. Subject matter wherein the surveillance system includes
a steerable machine for carrying or transporting a load on or below
land or water surface.
Dynamic Magnetic Information Storage or Retrieval,
subclass 5 for recording for selective retention of a special
occurrence (e.g., vehicle crash recorder, etc.).
This subclass is indented under subclass 143. Subject matter including a camera for discovering the presence
of a person or an object to which entrance is not welcomed.
This subclass is indented under subclass 153. Subject matter including apparatus for utilizing a television
picture signal to develop signals indicative of whether movement
has taken place in a selected scene or area over a given period
of time.
This subclass is indented under subclass 152. Subject matter including apparatus for utilizing a television
picture signal to develop signals indicative of whether movement
has taken place in a selected scene or area over a given period
of time.
This subclass is indented under subclass 143. Subject matter wherein the television system is used for
remote reading of data on a measuring instrument or a printer.
This subclass is indented under subclass 61. Subject matter wherein the video signal of an object is
sent to a viewer at a remote site for a characteristic or quality
examination with respect to a reference in order to discover resemblances
or differences.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter including a picture signal generator that
is responsive to energy other than visible light for conversion
into electrical signals representative of the scene or object viewed
and providing a visible display.
Measuring and Testing,
subclasses 596+ for similar apparatus utilizing acoustic wave energy
to produce an image corresponding to the acoustic properties (e.g., absorption, reflection) of
a viewed object.
Thermal Measuring and Testing,
subclass 124 for similar subject matter for providing the spatial
distribution of temperature by measuring thermally emitted radiant
energy.
This subclass is indented under subclass 164. Subject matter wherein an image is generated in response
to a change of temperature of incremental pixel areas.
This subclass is indented under subclass 164. Subject matter including a multiplicity of sensor elements
which are arranged in a one-dimensional matrix.
This subclass is indented under subclass 166. Subject matter wherein the sensor includes multifaceted
polygon reflecting elements for scanning sweep in the primary (fast) direction.
(1)
Note. The fast direction may be a horizontal or vertical
scan.
This subclass is indented under subclass 164. Subject matter wherein a sensor includes multifaceted polygon
reflecting elements for scanning sweep in the primary (fast) direction.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter wherein signals representative of the position
of a moving object projected onto a picture signal generator viewing surface
are utilized to control the generator (optically, electrically, or
by reorientation) to maintain the object in the field of
view of the generator.
(1)
Note. Electrical control of the generator involves
control of the sweep system as an example.
Communications: Directive Radio Wave
Systems and Devices (e.g., Radar, Radio
Navigation),
subclasses 75+ wherein the position of the object determines antenna
orientation.
This subclass is indented under subclass 169. Subject matter wherein the object is maintained within the
field of view by gating signals derived from a small area of the
picture signal generator viewing surface and maintaining the signals
representative of the object in that gated area.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter including a device to prevent damage to a
cathode-ray tube phosphor screen or target due to a steady
non-moving image or due to a sweep cessation.
(1)
Note. For example, superimposed on a regular
horizontal and vertical deflection of the scanning beam is an imperceptably
slow horizontal and/or vertical movement of the display
image.
CAMERA WITH BUILT-IN TEST SIGNAL GENERATOR, TEST
PATTERN, OR ADJUSTING ADJUNCT:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter including the integral combination of a camera
and a further means which aids in correctly adjusting the operation of
the camera when the further means is used.
(1)
Note. The further means is normally selected by
the operator.
(2)
Note. Self-regulating devices such as automatic
white balance, automatic black level, or automatic
gain control which often use a "test signal" are excluded from this
subclass.
DISPLAY OR RECEIVER WITH BUILT-IN TEST SIGNAL
GENERATOR, TEST PATTERN, OR ADJUSTING ADJUNCT:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter including the integral combination of a display
and means to aid in adjusting the display.
(1)
Note. Self-regulating devices such as automatic
white balance, automatic black level, or automatic
gain control which often use a "test pulse" or "test signal" are
excluded from this subclass.
This subclass is indented under subclass 177. Subject matter including a means for comparing a picture
signal with a reference picture signal to permit an accurate adjustment
for the color reception.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter including means separate from the television
system or components for monitoring, testing, or
measuring parameters of the television system or components being tested, measured, or
monitored.
This subclass is indented under subclass 181. Subject matter wherein the test signal represents the quality
of light which includes color and its purity or a color bar signal
which consists of six colors (yellow, cyan, green, magenta, red, and
blue).
This subclass is indented under subclass 181. Subject matter wherein the test signal is a vertical interval
test signal (VITS), interjected during
the vertical blanking interval, or is an in-line
test signal (ILTS), injected during the
portion of the visible or image interval.
This subclass is indented under subclass 180. Subject matter including a means for displaying to a human
observer information concerning the video signal being measured.
This subclass is indented under subclass 184. Subject matter wherein the monitor includes plural modes
for selectively displaying incompatible signals.
This subclass is indented under subclass 184. Subject matter including an instrument for displaying in
two dimensions the phase relationships of two signals or signal
components.
(1)
Note. The signal is normally a chrominance signal
with one component controlling the x-direction and the
other component controlling the y-direction.
This subclass is indented under subclass 187. Subject matter wherein the means includes an optical pattern
containing a group of lines and circles for testing the performance
of the TV camera.
This subclass is indented under subclass 180. Subject matter including a means for testing a device that
converts a scene-representative electrical signal into
a visible image.
This subclass is indented under subclass 189. Subject matter including a means for an initial adjustment
of the television receiver during a manufacturing process.
This subclass is indented under subclass 189. Subject matter including a means for measuring and displaying
the properties of light generated by the receiver or monitor.
This subclass is indented under subclass 180. Subject matter including a means for measuring the time
or phase relationships between components of a TV synchronizing
signal.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter wherein a mechanical moving device is used
for scanning an object or a scene (i.e., partitioning
it into elemental imaging areas to generate image representative electrical
signals) or scanning imaging areas by a modulated light
beam to reproduce the object or scene visible image.
Optical: Systems and Elements,
subclasses 196.1 through 226.3for deflection using a moving element or medium
and subclasses 227+ for light control by opaque element
or medium movable in or through light path.
This subclass is indented under subclass 195. Subject matter including an optical waveguide which confines
a transmitted radiation therewithin by means of the principle of
total internal reflection.
(1)
Note. Optical fibers are usually comprised of a
central light transmitting core of relatively high refractive index, surrounded
by a concentric cladding of relatively low refractive index.
This subclass is indented under subclass 195. Subject matter wherein the scanning is effected by using
an elastic or sound wave for displacing or deforming portions of
an optically transmitting medium surface or interface.
This subclass is indented under subclass 195. Subject matter wherein the scanning is accomplished by a
moving device which has one or multiple openings that will pass
light, electrons, or other forms of radiation (e.g., Nipkow disk).
This subclass is indented under subclass 195. Subject matter wherein the scanning is performed by a lens
or refracting element that is given a prescribed motion.
This subclass is indented under subclass 195. Subject matter wherein the scanning is performed by an element
that is given a prescribed motion and that has a property of returning incident
light or sound wave.
This subclass is indented under subclass 203. Subject matter wherein the prescribed motion consists of
periodic movements in alternately opposite directions from a position
of equilibrium.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter wherein a pattern of scanning is not generally
horizontal from one side to the other with a quick blanked retrace
to start all lines from the same side (e.g., spiral
scanning, scanning without retrace, vertical scanning).
(1)
Note. For systems using spotwobble which is generally
horizontal with a small undulating vertical component, see subclass
428.
This subclass is indented under subclass 207.99. Subject matter wherein a camera is used as a computer peripheral
for generating image data that is processed and/or stored
by the computer for display to a local user, for downloading
to an end user, or for being combined with computer-generated
data.
(1)
Note. Image transmission may be by asynchronous, isochroous
or other protocol.
(2)
Note. Network communication details are classified
elsewhere.
This subclass is indented under subclass 207.99. Subject matter including a system or device for scanning
image or scene is connected to the printer wherein the data obtained by
the scanning system or device is transferred to the printer for
a hard copy print out.
Facsimile and Static Presentation Processing,
subclass 1.1 , for Static presentation processing (e.g., processing data
for printer), subclass 906 for hand-held
camera with recorder in single unit, subclass 909.1, for
electronic still camera or scene reproducer.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter comprising a system or device for scanning
image of the object or scene (i.e., partitioning
the scene into sub-areas of image information and generating
there from an image representative electrical signal) or
the above combined with circuitry for processing the image signal, and
sub combinations specific to the camera.
(1)
Note. The sub-area is usually an elemental
area or pixtel.
This subclass is indented under subclass 208.99. Subject matter wherein the direction and magnitude of a
camera s movement is computed by measuring changes in direction and
magnitude between consecutive planes of image data.
This subclass is indented under subclass 208.99. Subject matter wherein modification is camera operations
are made in response to camera movement.
(1)
Note. For instance, image stabilization
is used to move a signal processing window from which signals are
derived to perform an operation such as autofocusing or autoexposure, the
movement of the window being made to follow camera movement.
This subclass is indented under subclass 208.12. Subject matter wherein image signals are processed so as
to compensate for loss of resolution due to motion signal processing.
This subclass is indented under subclass 208.12. Subject matter wherein camera motion is distinguished from
object motion and object motion information is used to accomplish object
tracking in the presence of camera shake.
This subclass is indented under subclass 208.12. Subject matter wherein the camera s operating mode is automatically
changed or power to the camera is automatically turned off when
camera shake exceeds acceptable limits.
This subclass is indented under subclass 208.99. Subject matter wherein the direction and magnitude of a
camera s movement is measured using a motion transducer mounted
on or within the camera body.
This subclass is indented under subclass 208.99. Subject matter wherein measurements of a camera s movement
are evaluated in order to distinguish between camera movement done on
purpose and camera movement that is not done on purpose, i.e., accidental.
(1)
Note. Image processing (including compensation
for camera movement) is performed according to the differentiation.
This subclass is indented under subclass 208.99. Subject matter wherein the movement of a camera during a
photographing operation is compensated in order to produce an output image
that is free from blur or other motion-induced artifacts.
This subclass is indented under subclass 208.4. Subject matter wherein the compensation for camera movement
is performed by both electronic image shifting and mechanical movement
of a portion of the camera.
(1)
Note. These operations may be performed simultaneously
or in sequence.
This subclass is indented under subclass 208.4. Subject matter wherein the compensation for camera movement
is performed electronically.
(1)
Note. For instance by reducing the image size and
shifting the reduced image data either as it being stored in a memory
or as it is being read out there from. Such an operation
is often accompanied by electronic zooming of the image data to its
original size.
This subclass is indented under subclass 208.4. Subject matter wherein the compensation for camera movement
is performed by mechanically moving either a portion of the camera, e.g., lens
or the entire camera itself.
This subclass is indented under subclass 208.7. Subject matter wherein the portion of a camera that is moved
is a solid whose bases or ends are any similar, equal, and
parallel plane figures, and whose sides are parallelograms
and said solid is moved through a variable angle.
This subclass is indented under subclass 207.99. Subject matter including a device to compensate for unwanted
movement of a camera to prevent blurring or distortion of resulting pictures.
This subclass is indented under subclass 207.99. Subject matter having a device in which a rapidly moving
spot of light scans an image on a transparent screen; a
phototube then absorbs the light reflected by the screen and converts
it into electric signals.
This subclass is indented under subclass 211.99. Subject matter wherein specific methods of communication
are used to transmit the signals used to implement remote control
of a camera.
This subclass is indented under subclass 211.99. Subject matter wherein a plurality of cameras are controlled
by the remote control system, including networks of cameras
used for a common imaging operation.
This subclass is indented under subclass 211.11. Subject matter wherein the camera network is used for video
teleconferencing and remote control of the camera includes authorizing
the camera s access to the network via a password or assignment
of priority.
(1)
Note. Also included are control of camera functions
such as pan, tilt, zoom, iris and focus.
Data Processing: Presentation Processing
of Document, Operator Interface Processing, and
Screen Saver Display Processing,
subclasses 733 through 759for concurrently established related or collaborative
user interfaces including computer conferencing and computer supported
cooperative work.
This subclass is indented under subclass 211.99. Subject matter wherein the imaging portion of the camera (i.e., camera
head) is physically separated from the camera’s
image processing circuitry.
(1)
Note. Camera is connected thereto by a cable over
which are communicated image signal from the camera head to the processor
and control signals from the processor to the camera head.
This subclass is indented under subclass 211.1. Subject matter wherein the remote control signals are communicated
via a network, including networks configured in a master/slave
or client/server arrangement.
This subclass is indented under subclass 211.99. Subject matter wherein various control devices are used
to generate signals for remote control of a camera.
This subclass is indented under subclass 211.4. Subject matter wherein the control devices generate and/or
respond to control signals that are multiplexed with each other
or with other types of control signals, or are embedded
with data signals.
This subclass is indented under subclass 211.4. Subject matter wherein the control devices operate according
to digital control signals that have been stored in a computer memory
or in a special purpose digital control device.
This subclass is indented under subclass 211.4. Subject matter wherein control is implemented using a manual
electromechanical device to generate control signals.
This subclass is indented under subclass 211.99. Subject matter control signals are computed using camera
characteristics as a parameter.
(1)
Note. Pan and tilt driving speeds are varied as a
function of zoom angle and/or distance between the camera
and the subject; control voltages are varied in accordance
with camera weight; compensation is made for time delays
created by the length of the cable used to transmit control signals; etc.
This subclass is indented under subclass 207.99. Subject matter wherein the scanning system or device is
operated by a control signal sent by a controller from a remote
location.
This subclass is indented under subclass 207.99. Subject matter wherein the camera comprises a device which
converts time information from a luminous event into spatial information, such
conversion enable the measurement of high speed variations in intensity distribution
of a light emission.
This subclass is indented under subclass 207.99. Subject matter including means suitable for detecting a
weak or faint input image applied to the camera.
This subclass is indented under subclass 207.99. Subject matter wherein images of separate parts of a single
scene are scanned by separate image sensors for subsequent combination
into a single complete-image signal.
This subclass is indented under subclass 207.99. Subject matter wherein the image sensor is mechanically
vibrated or oscillated to produce the effect of an increased resolution.
This subclass is indented under subclass 207.99. Subject matter wherein the operation of the camera is altered
for single-frame (still) and multiple-frame (motion) photography.
This subclass is indented under subclass 220.1. Subject matter having a device for regulating the total
illumination (e.g., duration
or intensity) admitted to an imaging device.
This subclass is indented under subclass 207.99. Subject matter including at least one image sensor or pickup
device and in combination therewith related circuitry for correcting, adjusting, or
otherwise altering the image signal output from the image sensor
or pickup device.
(1)
Note. The signal processing herein is limited to
normal television signals, such as red, green
and blue, or luminance and chrominance.
(2)
Note. The image signal processing which depends upon
structure of a sensor is not classified in this subclass, but is
with the sensor, per se. For example, a single
solid-state image sensor which converts the dot interlace
output representing for example cyan, magenta, and yellow (i.e., not
normal television signal) to red, green, and
blue is found in subclass 280 for solid-state color image
sensor with filter based on three colors.
This subclass is indented under subclass 222.1. Subject matter wherein the processing of the video output
signal includes adjustment of relative amplitudes of plural color
signals which are output from the camera.
This subclass is indented under subclass 223.1. Subject matter wherein the relative amplitudes of the plural
color signals are adjusted in response to a parameter, a
function, or the presence or absence of a camera peripheral
which includes diaphragm, stop, illuminator, zoom
or focus device, or a device altering the incident light
on the sensor.
This subclass is indented under subclass 223.1. Subject matter wherein means are provided for detecting
the characteristic spectrum or periodic nature of an electric discharge
lamp.
This subclass is indented under subclass 223.1. Subject matter including an optical sensor separated from
the image sensor for sensing the characteristics of the ambient
light.
This subclass is indented under subclass 223.1. Subject matter wherein the adjustment of the relative amplitudes
is derived by feedback from the output of the image sensor.
This subclass is indented under subclass 222.1. Subject matter including a control unit which controls both
the exposure to the image sensor and the amplitude of the sensor
output signal.
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14.01