Music,
subclasses 671 through 722for electric oscillator tone generation systems
combined with, or restricted to use with, means
to convert the generated tone waves into musical sounds. (Oscillator
Combined With Other Apparatus or Systems.)
Internal-Combustion Engines,
subclass 148 for significant internal combustion engine structure
combined with high tension ignition system, which system
may utilize an electric oscillator. (Oscillator
Combined With Other Apparatus or Systems.)
Telegraphy, appropriate subclasses, for telegraph apparatus
and systems that may employ electrical oscillators; see
particularly
subclass 43 for space induction systems, subclasses 66.1+ for
alternating, sine or similar wave current telegraph systems. (Oscillator Combined With Other Apparatus
or Systems.)
Electricity: Circuit Makers and Breakers,
subclasses 19.01+ for the structure of circuit makers and breakers
designed to be periodically closed and opened; subclass
136.3 for time-controlled or continuously driven
thermal switch. (Electrical Oscillators or Wave
Generators or Producers.)
Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy, appropriate subclasses for processes and apparatus for
producing chemical changes through the agency of electrical wave
energy; see particularly
subclasses 155+ , 157.15+ and 164+ for
the processes, and subclasses 193+ for the corresponding
apparatus which may utilize electrical wave energy generators or
oscillators. (Oscillator Combined With Other
Apparatus or Systems.)
Electric Heating, appropriate subclasses, for electrical heating
systems or apparatus that may employ electrical oscillators as elements thereof;
subclasses 600+ for inductive heating, subclasses 678+ for
microwave heating, and subclasses 764+ for capacitive
dielectric heating, (Oscillator Combined With
Other Apparatus or Systems.)
Railway Switches and Signals, appropriate subclasses, for railway switching
and signaling systems; see particularly
subclasses 7+ for train dispatching telegraphy and telephony
systems, and subclass 30 for Hertzian wave controlled automatic
block signal systems, which systems may employ electrical
oscillators. (Oscillator Combined With Other
Apparatus or Systems.)
Prime-Mover Dynamo Plants, appropriate subclasses, for prime mover
driven dynamo systems, wherein the prime mover is other
than an electric motor and wherein the dynamo may be an alternating
current generator. (Electrical Oscillators or
Wave Generators or Producers Classified Elsewhere, above.)
Electrical Transmission or Interconnection Systems,
subclasses 106+ for class appropriate waveform or wave shape determinative
or pulse producing systems (usually of the delay line type) to
produce periodic pulses of predetermined wave shape in the output
of the network; subclass 132 provides for free-running electromagnetic
circuit maker and breaker-type pulse producers. (Electrical
Oscillators or Wave Generators or Producers.)
Electrical Generator or Motor Structure, appropriate subclasses, for the structure of alternating
current generators for converting mechanical energy into electrical
energy;
subclasses 300+ provides for nondynamoelectric generators (or
motors) while subclasses 10+ provides for dynamoelectric
machines, subclasses 40+ provides for rotary machines, indented
subclass 159 provides for alternating current generators and indented
subclasses 169+, in particular, provides
for high frequency inductor generators of the variable reluctance type (e.g., Alexanderson
alternator). (Electrical Oscillators
or Wave Generators or Producers).
Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices:
Systems, appropriate subclasses, for oscillator systems
similar to those classified in this class (331), but
wherein no means for deriving a useful output from the system is
claimed. See particularly
subclasses 3+ for cathode-ray tube circuits including
a cathode-ray tube combined with circuit element structure, indented
subclasses 3.5+ provides for traveling wave tubes, and
indented subclasses 4+ provides for cathode ray tubes including
distributed parameter resonant devices (e.g., cavity
resonators); subclasses 39+ provides
for discharge devices in general with distributed parameter elements (e.g., wave
guides, coaxial lines, which devices usually are
resonators); subclasses 227+ provides
for gaseous space discharge device systems with capacitor in the
supply circuit, many of these systems being self-sustaining
oscillators. (Electrical Oscillators or Wave
Generators or Producers).
Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices:
Systems, appropriate subclasses, provides for systems for
supplying electrical energy to cathode-ray tubes, electric
lamp, diode or gaseous space discharge devices, which
systems may be self-oscillatory or wherein the source of supply
for the devices may be an electrical oscillator; in particular,
subclasses 364+ provides for cathode-ray tube deflecting
systems which may utilize an electrical oscillator as a sweep or
deflection source, subclass 97 provides for pulsating or
A.C. supply for the cathode or heater of plural
load device systems and subclass 105 provides for pulsating or A.C. supply
for the cathode or heater of a single load device, subclasses
137+ provides for polyphase A.C. supply, subclasses
160+ provides for plural power supplies which may be pulsating
or A.C., and subclasses 246+ provides
for pulsating or A.C. supply systems in general.
Electricity: Motive Power Systems,
subclass 130 for reciprocating motor systems wherein the energizing
winding circuit of the motor is supplied by an electrical oscillator, and
subclass 341 for electric motor control systems wherein the motor
armature or primary circuit is supplied by an adjustable frequency
or impulse generator or oscillator to control or vary the motor
speed. (Oscillator Combined With Other Apparatus
Or Systems.)
Electricity: Single Generator Systems, appropriate subclasses, for apparatus for converting nonelectric
energy directly into electrical energy, which may be alternating
current. Except for
subclass 2 , which provides for nonmagnetic type generator
systems (e.g., thermoelectric, photoelectric, piezoelectric, electrostatic
generators, etc.), and subclass
3, which provides for reciprocating or oscillating type
generators, the remaining subclasses comprise mainly patents
directed to rotating dynamoelectric machine generator systems. (Electrical
Oscillators or Wave Generators or Producers Classified Elsewhere, above.)
Electricity: Measuring and Testing, appropriate subclasses, for electrical measuring
and testing systems and apparatus which may employ electrical oscillators.
For example,
subclasses 307+ provides for nuclear induction testing systems
utilizing adjustable frequency oscillators to determine nuclear
resonance characteristics of material under test. Also, electrical
oscillators may be employed in the following testing and measuring
subclasses of Class 324; subclass 56 for piezoelectric
crystal testing, subclasses 57+ for impedance
and admittance measuring systems, subclasses 76.41+ for
heterodyne type frequency measuring systems, subclass 85
for phase comparison systems utilizing frequency conversion, and subclass
118 for electricity measuring systems utilizing modulator-demodulator
means. (Oscillator Combined With Other Apparatus Or
Systems.)
Miscellaneous Active Electrical Nonlinear Devices, Circuits, and
Systems,
subclasses 291+ for miscellaneous clock or pulse waveform generation
which is not free running. (Electrical Oscillators
or Wave Generators or Producers Classified Elsewhere, above.)
Demodulators,
subclasses 302 , 306+, 323+, 346, and
358+ for diverse types of demodulator with oscillators. (Oscillator
Combined With Other Apparatus or Systems.)
Amplifiers,
subclass 10 for linear active element amplifiers of the modulator-demodulator type
utilizing an oscillator. (Oscillator Combined
With Other Apparatus or Systems.)
Modulators, appropriate subclasses, for electrical
oscillators provided with means for varying some characteristic
of the generated wave (e.g., amplitude, frequency
or phase of a sine wave or pulse repetition rate, position, amplitude, width
or slope of a repetitious pulse) in accordance with an
intelligence which continually varies in an arbitrary manner. (Oscillator
Combined With Other Apparatus or Systems.)
Wave Transmission Lines and Networks,
subclass 19 for electric wave differentiating or integrating
systems of the passive type; subclass 20 for passive type
electric wave shaping networks, and subclasses 219+ for
resonators, per se, of the distributed parameter
type. (Electrical Oscillators or Wave Generators
or Producers Classified Elsewhere, above.)
Tuners, appropriate subclasses for tuned networks for use
in wave energy apparatus and comprising inductance and capacitance
elements in circuit arrangement to form a resonant circuit and in
which structure is provided for adjusting one or both of these elements
for changing the mean resonant frequency of the circuit.
Electricity: Magnetically Operated Switches, Magnets, and
Electromagnets,
subclasses 87+ for the structure of electromagnetically operated
switches of the periodic type. (Electrical Oscillators
or Wave Generators or Producers Classified Elsewhere, above.)
Communications: Electrical, appropriate subclasses for electric signaling systems that
may employ electrical oscillators; for example,
subclasses 10.4 through 10.42for interrogation response signal detail which may
comprise oscillation clock signals; subclasses 12.1-12.55
for pulse responsive actuation and subclasses 13.2-13.36
for frequency responsive actuation which may comprise oscillators; and
subclass 572.5 for tune resonant circuit comprising oscillator. (Oscillator
Combined With Other Apparatus or Systems.)
Communications: Radio Wave Antennas, appropriate subclasses, for electrical apparatus or
systems directed to the generation, control and radiation
or reception of wave energy propagated through free space, which
apparatus or systems may employ electrical oscillators; for
example,
subclasses 5+ provides for reflected or returned wave systems (object detection, radar), subclasses
100+ provides for directive systems. (Oscillator
Combined With Other Apparatus or Systems.)
Television,
subclasses 536+ and 735 for television systems that may include
electrical oscillators. (Oscillator Combined
With Other Apparatus or Systems.)
Electricity: Electrical Systems and
Devices,
subclass 203 , for relay systems using an electrical
oscillator (Oscillator Combined With Other Apparatus Or
Systems.)
Electricity: Electrical Systems and
Devices,
subclasses 268+ for the structure of so-called spark, induction
or ignition coils having integral vibratory circuit interrupters, usually
in the primary winding circuit and indented subclasses 270+ wherein
a capacitor is included. (Electrical Oscillators
or Wave Generators or Producers.)
Electricity: Electrical Systems and
Devices, appropriate subclasses for systems or apparatus that may
employ electrical oscillators; particularly,
subclass 203 which provides for the combination of an oscillator
and electromagnet load and electrical oscillator controlled relay systems. (Oscillator
Combined With Other Apparatus Or Systems.)
Electric Power Conversion Systems, appropriate subclasses for wave generating or producing
systems analogous to those classified in Class 331. Some
of the systems for converting direct current to alternating current (e.g., derectifiers, inverters) in
Class 363 are indistinguishable from the oscillators in Class 331. The
distinction appears to be one of degree, that is, the
inverters classified in Class 363 usually are designed to convert
direct current power to alternating current power at commercial
power frequency (e.g., 25, 50, or
60 cycles per second). See
subclasses 1+ for combined conversion systems, subclasses
9+ for phase and frequency conversion, and subclasses
15+ and 34+ for plural current conversion systems (e.g., D.C.-A.C.-D.C., and
A.C.-D.C.-A.C.); subclasses
13+ for current conversion systems (rectification, derectification), subclasses
102+ for dynamoelectric machine converters, subclasses
111+ for electronic tube converters, subclasses
123+ for semiconductor-type converters, subclass
140 for impedance-type converters, subclasses
106+ for circuit interrupter-type converters, and
subclasses 157+ for frequency converting systems wherein
input alternating current of one frequency is converted into output
alternating current without intermediate conversion to direct current. (Electrical Oscillators
or Wave Generators or Producers Classified Elsewhere).
Electric Power Conversion Systems,
subclasses 1+ for cascaded or combined diverse conversion, subclasses
13+ for current conversion systems, subclasses
148+ for phase conversion, and subclasses 157+ for
frequency conversion systems. (Oscillator Combined With
Other Apparatus or Systems.)
Industrial Electric Heating Furnaces, appropriate subclasses, for electric furnaces
that may employ an oscillator for supplying or controlling the electric
current for the furnaces, see particularly
subclasses 138+ for induction furnaces that may utilize an oscillator
to supply the furnace charge melting inductor. (Oscillator
Combined With Other Apparatus or Systems.)
Telecommunications,
subclasses 91+ for transmitters using electrical oscillators; subclasses 130+ for
receivers using electrical oscillators; subclasses 145+ for
local oscillators in panoramic receivers; subclass 196
for local oscillator tuning in radio receivers; subclasses
208+ for local oscillator control in frequency modulation
receivers; subclasses 255+ for local oscillator
control in radio receiver automatic frequency control; and
subclasses 313+ for local oscillators insuperhetrodyne
receivers. (Oscillator Combined With Other Apparatus
or Systems.)
Superconductor Technology: Apparatus, Material, Process,
subclasses 150+ for high temperature (Tc
30 K) superconducting devices; and particularly
subclass 204 for oscillators or subclass 180 for masers made with high
temperature superconducting material. (Electrical
Oscillators or Wave Generators or Producers Classified Elsewhere, above.)
Superconductor Technology: Apparatus, Material, Process,
subclasses 150+ for high temperature (Tc
30 K) superconducting systems that may contain oscillators; particularly
subclass 204 for oscillators, or subclass 180 for masers made
with high temperature superconducting material. (Oscillator
Combined With Other Apparatus or Systems.)
Surgery: Light, Thermal, and
Electrical Application,
subclasses 72+ for oscillator systems combined with or forming
a part of a therapeutic device. (Oscillator Combined
With Other Apparatus or Systems.)
SECTION IV - GLOSSARY
ACTIVE ELEMENT
A control device for exerting a control on a source of energy
proportional to an applied control signal. A conventional
triode, having cathode, control grid on anode, connected
as a conventional amplifier, is an example of an active
network, a control potential applied to the grid causing
a flow of anode current, supplied by the anode biasing
source, proportional to the magnitude of the control potential.
AMPLITUDE STABILIZATION
The correction for, prevention of, or
compensation for an undesired change in amplitude of the generated waves
of the oscillator from a desired value.
AUTOMATIC FREQUENCY STABILIZATION
The restoration of the generated frequency of the oscillator
to a desired value by sensing the deviation in frequency, in
direction and amount, from the desired value and instituting
a corrective action proportional to sensed deviation to adjust the
frequency determining element of the oscillator in such direction
and amount so as to return the oscillator frequency to the desired
value.
BEAM TUBE
An active element comprising a source of charged particles, means
for concentrating the particles into a directed beam, means
for exerting a control on the beam (e.g., beam
accelerating electrode, control grid, deflecting
means, slow wave structure, buncher type resonator, reflector
electrode, etc.) and means for deriving
output energy from the controlled beam.
BEAT FREQUENCY
The resulting difference (or sum) frequency
wave, among other waves, produced when two waves
of different frequencies are combined in a nonlinear device.
DISTRIBUTED PARAMETER RESONATOR
A resonator of the distributed network type, the
capacitance, inductance and resistance of which cannot
be isolated into separate lumped capacitors, inductors
or resistors and wherein the time factor of propagation of wave
energy in the network is appreciable.
ELECTRICAL NOISE OR RANDOM WAVE GENERATOR
A wave generator system wherein the frequency determining
element consists of a material medium including electrically charged, chargeable
or ionizable particles, the application of electrical energy
to the medium by the driving means causing random translatory motion
of the charged or ionizable particles resulting in the generation of
an infinite number of waves of different frequencies which are fortuitously
related, having no definite phase relationship, period, amplitude
or shape.
ELECTROMECHANICAL RESONATOR
A resonator comprising an electrically driven material body
wherein the mass and compliance parameters of the body determine
the mechanical period of vibration of the body and wherein the driving
electrical circuit for the body exhibits electrical resonance characteristics which
are determined by the mechanical period of vibration of the body.
FREE RUNNING OSCILLATOR
An oscillator wherein the driving system continuously supplies
the losses of the frequency determining means so as to produce sustained
oscillations.
FREQUENCY ADJUSTING MEANS
Means for setting or controlling the generated frequency of
the oscillator by varying a frequency determining element of the
oscillator.
FREQUENCY DETERMINING ELEMENT
A passive network or device of the resonant or time constant
type, which network or device forms the element of the
oscillator which sets or determines the frequency or periodicity
of the generated oscillations.
FREQUENCY STABILIZATION
The correction for, prevention of, or
compensation for an undesired drift or change in the frequency of
the generated waves of the oscillator from a desired value.
GASEOUS SPACE DISCHARGE DEVICE
A space discharge device having at least two electrodes in
a gaseous or vapor medium, conduction between the electrodes
taking place by ionization of the medium.
HARMONIC OR SINE WAVE OSCILLATOR
A free running oscillator for generating sinusoidal or nearly
sinusoidal waves. They usually utilize a resonator of the
lumped LC or the distributed parameter type as the frequency determining
element.
HETERODYNE FREQUENCY
Beat frequency (which see).
KLYSTRON
A beam tube including at least two apertured cavity resonators, the
beam of charged particles passing through the apertures of the resonators
in succession, and a collector electrode being provided
to intercept the beam after passing through the resonators.
The first resonator causes bunching of the particles passing therethrough, the
bunched particles then travel in a field-free region where
further bunching occurs and then the bunched particles enter the
second resonator giving up their energy to excite it into oscillations.
LC RESONATOR
A resonant circuit comprising separate inductance and capacitance
elements, i.e., lumped inductor
and capacitor elements.
MAGNETICALLY CONTROLLED SPACE DISCHARGE DEVICE
An active element comprising means for producing a space
discharge of charged particles and having further means for subjecting
the space discharge to the direct control of a magnetic field and
an electric field.
MAGNETRON
A magnetically controlled space discharge device comprising
a linear cathode, an anode, usually cylindrical, coaxial
therewith, the magnetic field being parallel to longitudinal
axis of the cathode, while the electric field is transverse
thereto.
MOLECULAR OR PARTICLE RESONANT OSCILLATOR
An oscillator wherein the frequency determining element
consists of a material medium comprising particles, molecules
or atoms, the application of electrical energy by the driving
means to the medium setting the particles, molecules or
atoms into a state of vibration or oscillation, the vibration
or oscillation being that of the particle, molecule or
atom itself and not the vibration or oscillation caused by the translational
motion of the particle, molecule or atom as a whole.
MOLECULAR RESONATOR
A resonator comprising a material medium and wherein the
vibration or oscillation of the molecules of the medium determines
the resonant frequency of the resonator. The vibration
or oscillation is of the molecule itself and not that due to the
translational motion of the molecule as a whole. See, also, above, the
definition of a molecular or particle resonant oscillator.
NEGATIVE RESISTANCE OR NEGATIVE TRANSCONDUCTANCE DEVICE
An active element of the two terminal type having a volt-ampere
characteristic with negative slope over the range of voltages or
currents wherein it is operative, that is, an
increase in voltage results in a decrease in current, or
vice versa.
OSCILLATOR
A system for initiating and maintaining oscillations whose
frequency or period is fixed or determined by the physical parameters
of the system. The fundamental elements required by an
oscillator system are: (1) a frequency
or period determining element, such as a resonator or timing
means, (2) a driving system for the frequency
or period determining element, and (3) means for
deriving a useful output from the oscillator system. This
class is restricted to oscillators for generating electrical oscillations
or waves and specifically excludes alternating current generators
of the mechanically driven dynamo-electric machine type.
RC OR RL FREQUENCY DETERMINING NETWORK
A network of the nonresonant type comprising either resistive
and capacitive or resistive and inductive components.
The network, by way of example, may be employed: (1) as
a frequency determining phase shift network in a sine wave oscillator
of the phase shift type, (2) as a frequency
determining bridge network in sine wave bridge oscillators, such
as the Wien bridge type of the double-T type or (3) as
a time constant network in a relaxation oscillator to determine
the period of the generated relaxation oscillations.
REFLEX KLYSTRON
A klystron utilizing only a single apertured cavity resonator
through which the beam of charged particles passes in one direction, a
repeller electrode being provided to repel or redirect the beam
after passage through the resonator back through the resonator in
the other direction and in proper phase to reinforce the oscillations
set up in the resonator.
RELAXATION OSCILLATOR
A free running oscillator for generating decidedly non sinusoidal
waves. They usually utilize a time constant network of
the RC or RL type as the frequency determining element.
RESONATOR OR RESONANT CIRCUIT
A frequency determining means comprised of substantially
pure reactances of opposite signs (i.e., mass
and compliance in a mechanical resonator or inductive and capacitive
reactance in an electrical resonator) wherein the phenomenon
of resonance (i.e., when the
positive and negative reactances are equal) is relied upon
to determine the frequency of the generated waves.
RETARDING FIELD TUBE
A tube having at least three electrodes, i.e., a
source of electrons (cathode), control
electrode (grid) and anode or plate electrode, the
control electrode being biased positively with respect to the other
electrodes. The electrode bias potentials are so chosen
that the electrons attracted from the cathode by the positive grid
pass through the grid and are slowed down by the repelling effect
of the less positive (or negative) anode field
and are returned back to or through the grid. This phenomenon
is repeated again and again so that a cloud of electrons are caused
to sweep back and forth through the grip, giving up energy
to the grid at a frequency which is a function of the transit time
of the cloud of electrons. The Barkhausen Kurz, Gill-Morrell
and the reflex klystron are examples of oscillators utilizing a
retarding field tube.
SEMICONDUCTOR ACTIVE ELEMENT
A solid state active element comprised of a solid material
having a conductivity intermediate that of a good insulator and
a good conductor.
SHOCK EXCITED RESONATOR OSCILLATOR
An oscillator of the nonself-sustaining type
wherein the driving system applies an electrical impulse to the
frequency determining element (i.e., resonator), which
element is then permitted to oscillate freely at its natural frequency.
SOLID STATE ACTIVE ELEMENT
A two-terminal or fourterminal active element
of electrically conductive, semi-conductive, ferromagnetic
or ferroelectric material in the solid state. Examples
are: The Hall effect plate, semi-conductor (transistor), magnetic
type and dielectric type amplifiers or negative resistance devices.
SPACE DISCHARGE DEVICE
A device comprising at least two spaced electrodes and wherein
conduction by charged particles, e.g., electrons, or
ions, takes place between the electrodes.
STABILIZATION
The maintenance of a desired condition or state of the oscillator
which condition or state may be subject to change.
TRANSISTOR
A semi-conductive active element having at least
three electrodes so arranged that the application of electrical energy
to one electrode controls the flow of current between two other
electrodes.
TRANSIT TIME OSCILLATOR
An oscillator system wherein the time of flight or transit angle
of charged particles between electrodes of a space discharge device
is an appreciable part of the cycle of the generated oscillations, the
energy derived from the moving particles being continuously supplied
to the frequency determining network of the oscillator in proper phase
to sustain oscillations. Transit time effects are utilized
in magnetron, beam tube and retarding field type oscillators.
TUBE
An active element of the space discharge device type. See:
active element; space discharge device.
AUTOMATIC FREQUENCY STABILIZATION USING A PHASE OR FREQUENCY SENSING
MEANS:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter wherein the oscillator has means to adjust
its generated frequency and is also provided with a control circuit
or loop for controlling the oscillator frequency adjusting means
in response to deviation of the generated frequency of the oscillator
from a desired frequency or range of frequencies in such direction
and amount as to restore the oscillator frequency to the desired
frequency or range of frequencies. The control circuit
or loop includes: (1) discriminator
means for sensing the deviation of the generated frequency of the oscillator
in direction and amount and for producing control energy proportional
to such deviation, and (2) means responsive
to the control energy and coupled to frequency adjusting means of
the oscillator to vary the frequency adjusting means in such direction
and amount as to restore the generated frequency of the oscillator
to the desired frequency or range of frequencies.
(1)
Note. The automatic frequency stabilizing systems
defined above are to be distinguished from the frequency stabilizing
systems classified lower in the schedule (see the search
notes below) by the fact that the A.F.S. systems
rely on sensing a drift in frequency of the generated oscillations
and asserting a corrective control to adjust a frequency determining
element of the oscillator in the proper sense to bring it back on
frequency, whereas the frequency stabilizing systems classified
elsewhere do not sense a drift of frequency and retune the oscillator
as a function of such drift, but rely on adding means to
the oscillator system to correct or compensate, or to prevent, changes
in oscillator circuit parameters that tend to cause an undesired
change in oscillator frequency. Such means may, for
example, compensate for the affects of changes in humidity, temperature, current
load impedance, tube impedance, electrode bias
potential, etc.
Electricity: Single Generator Systems,
subclass 32 for dynamoelectric generator systems with frequency responsive
devices or networks for automatically maintaining the frequency
of the generated wave constant.
Modulators,
subclasses 123+ for average condition control in frequency modulator
distortion prevention and subclasses 155+ and 159+ for
average condition control in an amplitude modulator.
Tuners,
subclass 13 for a tuner having a saturable core element combined with
means to automatically center the frequency of the circuit; subclass 16
for a tuner having a reactance tuning means combined with automatic frequency
centering means, and subclasses 26+ for tuners
having an electromagnetic operator combined with automatic frequency
centering means.
Television,
subclasses 536+ for synchronizing systems which may utilize oscillators
of the automatic frequency stabilized type and subclass 735 for television
tuners which may utilize oscillators of the automatic frequency stabilized
type.
Telecommunications,
subclasses 91+ for radio transmitters using oscillators of the
automatic frequency stabilized type; and subclasses 130+ for
receivers using oscillators of the automatic frequency stabilized
type.
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter wherein the generated frequency of two or
more oscillators is automatically stabilized. The oscillators
may have A.F.S. loops individual to each
oscillator or a single A.F.S. loop may
control two or more oscillators, or any combination of
A.F.S. loops may be employed, provided
the generated frequency of two or more oscillators is automatically
stabilized.
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter wherein the frequency discriminator or sensing
means is of the molecular or atomic resonance type, comprising
a medium, which may be solid, liquid or gaseous, the
frequency selective properties of which are due to the vibration
or oscillation of the individual molecule or atom itself and are
not due to the translational motion of the molecule or atom as a
whole.
for A.F.S. systems utilizing
a signal or phase comparing type discriminator having at least two
inputs for the signals (of the controlled oscillator and reference
source) to be compared.
for electrical noise or random wave generators wherein
the translatory motions of charged or excited particles or molecules
are utilized to generate oscillations.
for oscillators of the molecular or particle resonant
type (e.g., maser) wherein
a molecular or particle resonant solid, liquid or gas comprises
the active element of the oscillator.
Radiant Energy,
subclass 251 for devices for producing and propagating a unidirectional
stream of neutral molecules or atoms through a vacuum, usually
at thermal velocity and including means to excite the molecules
or atoms at a resonant frequency.
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter wherein means are provided, in addition
to the A.F.S. loop, for varying
the oscillator frequency through a range of frequencies. The
systems classified herein are chiefly directed to means for restoring
A.F.S. control wherein such control is
lost due to the fact that the oscillator frequency for some reason, such
as during "warm-up" or some other disturbance, lies
outside the "capture" range of the frequency discriminator, the
sweep range of frequencies includes the "capture" range
of the discriminator and serves to bring the oscillator frequency
within the "capture" range and thereby render
the A.F.S. effective.
for oscillators wherein low frequency modulation
of the generated oscillations is utilized for A.F.S., signals
representative of the frequency modulated oscillations being compared
with signals of the modulating source.
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter wherein the oscillator provided with A.F.S. is
of the magnetic and electric field controlled space discharge device
type.
for magnetron type oscillators in general, particularly
subclass 88, for such oscillators provided with frequency stabilization
means of the nonautomatic type.
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter wherein the oscillator provided with A.F.S. is
of the beam tube type utilizing hollow resonator electron bunching
or electron bunching and catching means for determining the generated
frequency of the oscillator. Such oscillators are generally
designated as klystron oscillators.
This subclass is indented under subclass 6. Subject matter wherein the oscillator is provided with two
or more oscillator frequency controls as part of the A.F.S. system.
For example, the A.F.S. system
for a reflex klystron oscillator may (1) control
a motor to tune the cavity for coarse tuning and at the same time (2) supply
a bias voltage to the reflector electrode for fine tuning of the
oscillator.
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter wherein the A.F.S. circuit
of the oscillator includes semiconductor means, such as
transistors.
for oscillators wherein the active element is of
the solid state type and indented subclasses 108+ wherein
the active element is of the transistor type.
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter wherein the A.F.S. control
circuit of the oscillator is provided with a frequency sensing means
of the distributed parameter type (e.g., cavity
resonator).
for A.F.S. systems wherein
the discriminator is of the signal or phase comparing type having
at least two inputs for the signals (of the controlled
oscillator and reference source) to be compared.
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter wherein oscillator is provided with two or
more A.F.S. means, each having
a different effect in tuning the oscillator. For example, one
A.F.S. means may provide a coarse tuning
control and another A.F.S. means may
effect a fine tuning control of the oscillator.
This subclass is indented under subclass 10. Subject matter wherein the oscillator system is provided
with two or more comparators or discriminators, each of
which may be associated with a separate A.F.S. control.
By way of examples (1) one discriminator may have
a broad band frequency response characteristic and another discriminator
may have a narrow band frequency response characteristic or (2) one
discriminator may be of the frequency sensitive type, while
another discriminator may be of the phase sensitive type.
This subclass is indented under subclass 11. Subject matter wherein at least two comparators are so arranged
that the outputs of the controlled oscillator and a reference oscillator
are directly compared in one comparator and the output of the controlled
oscillator is phase-shifted and then compared with the
reference oscillator in a second comparator, the outputs of
the comparators then being combined in a control circuit to effect
tuning of the controlled oscillator.
This subclass is indented under subclass 10. Subject matter wherein at least one of the A.F.S. controls
includes an electric motor for electromechanically adjusting a tuning
reactance of the oscillator. Usually the motor control
is utilized for coarse tuning while another A.F.S. control
of the electronic type (e.g., including
a reactance tube) is utilized for fine tuning of the oscillator.
for oscillators wherein low frequency modulation
of the generated oscillations is utilized for A.F.S. and
wherein the signal comparator is of the electric motor type.
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter wherein means are provided to open and close
the A.F.S. loop of the oscillator periodically.
By way of example, a periodically actuated switch may connect
the input of the comparator in the A.F.S. loop
of an oscillator alternately to the oscillator output and the reference
oscillator output.
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter wherein the A.F.S. loop
circuit of the oscillator is provided with means to limit the amplitude, or
to maintain the amplitude constant, or to correct or otherwise
compensate for undesired changes in amplitude of a control signal
in the loop circuit, or to disable the A.F.S. loop
if the amplitude of the control signal (e.g., reference
oscillator signal) is below a predetermined level (e.g., the
level wherein noise signals may adversely affect the oscillator
A.F.S. and thereby cause the generated
frequency to be shifted outside its proper range).
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter wherein the A.F.S. controlled oscillator
includes means for setting the frequency of the generated oscillations
to any selected frequency within a predetermined frequency range, means
being provided to interrupt or otherwise deactivate the A.F.S. control loop
of the controlled oscillator while changing the generated frequency
from one value to another so as to prevent the A.F.S. loop
from tending to hold the oscillator frequency to its previously
set value, that is, the A.F.S. tends
to drag.
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter wherein the A.F.S. loop
of the oscillator is provided with means to modify or control the
error voltage so as to compensate or correct for undesired changes
in the error voltage brought about by some deficiency in the oscillator
system, such as a drift in reference frequency, hunting
due to instability around the A.F.S. loop, undesired
shift in phase of side band frequencies, and so forth.
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter wherein the A.F.S. circuit
of the controlled oscillator includes a source of constant frequency, which
source serves as a frequency standard, means being provided
for comparing the frequency of the oscillations generated by the
controlled oscillator with the standard frequency, the
frequency comparison means producing an electrical control or error signal
which is a measure of the deviation, in direction and amount, of
the controlled oscillator frequency from the standard frequency, the control
or error signal being applied to the frequency adjustment means
of the controlled oscillator in such a manner as to reduce the frequency
difference between the generated oscillations of the controlled
oscillator and the oscillations of the constant frequency source
to a minimum.
This subclass is indented under subclass 18. Subject matter wherein the reference source is a spectrum
generator producing a plurality of waves of different frequencies, which
waves are simultaneously fed to the comparator or discriminator
of the A.F.S. circuit of the controlled
oscillator means being provided wherein the generated waves of the
controlled oscillator may be selectively locked-in to the desired
frequency of the spectrum.
(1)
Note. This subclass does not include those systems
wherein a filter or harmonic selecting network is provided for selecting
a single frequency from the range of frequencies of the spectrum source, the
selected frequency being fed to the comparator. Such systems
are elsewhere in subclasses 1+, depending on the
type of oscillator or type of A.F.S. control.
This subclass is indented under subclass 18. Subject matter wherein the oscillator system is of the type
peculiarly adapted for use in television systems (e.g., vertical
or horizontal sweep generators), the reference
source comprising synchronizing pulses (usually of short
duration) which pulses are compared with signals representative
of the generated waves of the controlled oscillator in a phase comparison means, the
resulting control or error signal from the comparison means being
utilized to adjust the frequency of the controlled oscillator to
restore it to the desired relationship with reference frequency.
for relaxation oscillators in general, especially
indented subclass 145, for multivibrators with synchronizing, triggering
or pulsing circuit, indented subclass 149, for
blocking oscillators with synchronizing, triggering or pulsing
circuit and indented subclass 153, for relaxation oscillators
in general with synchronizing, triggering or pulsing circuit.
Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Systems,
subclasses 1+ for cathode-ray tube circuits, especially indented
subclasses 378, 379+ and 391+ for cathode
ray sweep circuits which may utilize sweep generators with A.F.S. control
combined with significant cathode ray control means or cathode-ray
tube structure, e.g., deflecting
plates, deflecting coils, etc.
Television,
subclasses 536+ for automatic frequency stabilizing systems as an
element of a more comprehensive system, e.g., controlled
oscillator combined with sync separator.
This subclass is indented under subclass 20. Subject matter wherein means are provided to stabilize or
lock the controlled oscillator to the low frequency (e.g., 50, 60
C.P.S.) power current derived
from a commercial alternating current supply line.
This subclass is indented under subclass 18. Subject matter wherein two or more frequency beating or
heterodyning means, or stages, are effectively
connected in the A.F.S. loop of the controlled
oscillator.
for oscillators with plural heterodyne stages in
the A.F.S. loop, but wherein the
discriminator is of the single input type, i.e., no
comparison of the oscillator frequency with a reference frequency
or source is made at the discriminator.
This subclass is indented under subclass 18. Subject matter wherein means are provided to frequency modulate
the generated oscillations of the controlled oscillator by a low
frequency reference source, signals representative of the modulated
signal being compared with signals from the low frequency reference
source in a signal comparator, the error signal from the output
of the comparator being utilized to restore the generated frequency
of the oscillator to the desired relationship with the reference
frequency.
for A.F.S. oscillators
wherein the frequency of the oscillator is swept over a range of
frequencies so as to bring the generated frequency within the "capture" range
of the discriminator.
This subclass is indented under subclass 23. Subject matter wherein the signal comparator comprises a
polyphase motor (usually of the two phase or split-phase
type) having at least two phase windings, the
signal representative of the low frequency modulated oscillations
of the controlled oscillator being applied to one phase winding
and the signal representative of the low frequency source being
applied to another phase winding of the motor, the rotor of
the motor is mechanically coupled to the frequency adjusting means
of the oscillator.
for a single oscillator with plural A.F.S. means
wherein at least one of the A.F.S. means
includes an electric motor for adjusting an oscillator frequency
control means.
This subclass is indented under subclass 18. Subject matter wherein a particular or significant signal
or phase comparing network is utilized in the A.F.S. loop
of the controlled oscillator.
Electricity: Measuring and Testing,
subclasses 76.52+ for systems for measuring the frequency of a cyclic current
or voltage by phase comparison with a standard cyclic current or voltage, and
subclasses 76.77+ for systems for measuring electricity
utilizing phase comparison means (e.g., phase
comparison between cyclic pulse voltage and sinusoidal current).
Miscellaneous Active Electrical Nonlinear Devices, Circuits, and
Systems,
subclasses 2+ for miscellaneous phase comparison circuits and
subclasses 39+ for miscellaneous frequency comparing circuits.
This subclass is indented under subclass 25. Subject matter wherein the signal or phase comparator includes
two or more unilaterally conducting devices (e.g., diodes) as
elements thereof.
This subclass is indented under subclass 25. Subject matter wherein the signal of phase comparator includes
two or more active elements (e.g., triodes) as
elements thereof.
Electricity: Measuring and Testing,
subclass 89 for electric current or voltage measuring systems
utilizing a phase comparator, a grid-controlled tube
means constituting an element or elements thereof.
This subclass is indented under subclass 25. Subject matter wherein the signal or phase comparator includes
a unilaterally conducting element (e.g., diode, triode) as
an element thereof.
Electricity: Measuring and Testing,
subclasses 87+ for electric current or voltage measuring systems
utilizing phase comparison means with nonlinear device (e.g., rectifier, grid
controlled tube, etc.).
This subclass is indented under subclass 25. Subject matter wherein the signal or phase comparator is
of the electromechanical type (e.g., two-phase
motor, the reference source being applied to one phase
winding and the controlled oscillator output being applied to the other
phase winding) or a frequency comparing means of the synchroscope
type.
for A.F.S. controlled
oscillators of the modulated oscillator type (e.g., frequency
modulation of controlled oscillator) utilizing an electric
motor comparator.
Electricity: Measuring and Testing,
subclass 90 for electric current and voltage measuring systems
utilizing a phase comparator of the electrodynamometer type, and
subclass 91 for phase comparators of the synchroscope type.
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter wherein the A.F.S. loop
of the controlled oscillator comprises (1) means
for beating or heterodyning the generated oscillations of the controlled
oscillator with the oscillations of the reference oscillator or
source and (2) a single input discriminator means
responsive to the resulting heterodyned oscillations, which
discriminator produces an output error or control signal proportional
to the frequency deviation of the controlled oscillator from that of
the reference source, the error signal being utilized to
restore the generated frequency of the controlled oscillator to
the desired relationship with the reference frequency.
This subclass is indented under subclass 30. Subject matter wherein two or more beating or heterodyning
means are utilized in the A.F.S. loop
of the controlled oscillator.
for oscillators having plural heterodyne stages
in the A.F.S. loop, but wherein
heterodyned oscillations of the controlled oscillator and the reference
source signal are compared in a signal or phase comparator.
This subclass is indented under subclass 30. Subject matter wherein a significant or particular single-input
frequency deviation detecting network or discriminator is utilized
in the A.F.S. loop of the controlled
oscillator.
for A.F.S. systems wherein
the discriminator is of the signal or phase comparing type, having
at least two inputs for the signals (of the controlled
oscillator and reference source) to be compared.
This subclass is indented under subclass 32. Subject matter wherein the frequency deviation detecting
network or discriminator includes two or more unilaterally conducting
devices (e.g., diodes) as
elements thereof.
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter wherein the controlled oscillator includes
a significant or particular means for controlling, adjusting
or varying its generated frequency as a function of the error signal
from the discriminator in the A.F.S. loop
of the controlled oscillator. The particular means may
be (1) the adjustable tuning element of the controlled
oscillator (e.g., a passive
reactance or a reactance tube comprising an element of the oscillator
tank circuit), or (2) the means
for adjusting the tuning element of (1), (such
as an electric motor drive therefor), or (3) the
combination of (1) and (2).
Wave Transmission Lines and Networks,
subclasses 219+ for resonators of the distributed parameter type which
may be provided with frequency adjusting means.
This subclass is indented under subclass 34. Subject matter wherein the frequency control means includes
an electromechanical drive for the tuning or frequency adjusting
element of the controlled oscillator.
for A.F.S. controlled
oscillators of the modulated oscillator type (e.g., frequency
modulation of the controlled oscillator) utilizing an electric
motor comparator.
This subclass is indented under subclass 34. Subject matter wherein the particular frequency control
means comprises an adjustable or variable reactance element or elements
of the frequency determining network of the controlled oscillator.
Examples of such elements are: reactance tubes, saturable
core inductors, adjustable capacitors or inductors, etc.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter comprising a signal producing system including
a signal combining device (e.g., mixer, modulator) having
signal input circuit means and a signal output circuit, at
least two oscillators or a single oscillator simultaneously generating
plural frequencies being connected to the input circuit means, the arrangement
being such that the sum and/or difference frequencies (usually
the difference frequency) of the oscillations generated
by the respective oscillators or of the plural frequency oscillator
appears in the output circuit of the signal combining means.
(1)
Note. In addition to beat frequency oscillators
the beat frequency principle is made use of in other systems.
In general, beat frequency oscillators classified herein
comprise means for beating two nonarbitrary sources of slightly
different frequencies and of substantially equal amplitudes, the
proximate purpose of the system being to produce a stable, high level, low
frequency output wave (by selecting the lower side band). Modulators
classified in Class 332 are directed to means for beating a source
of carrier frequency of high amplitude with a signal wave of low
amplitude, which signal wave varies arbitrarily in a continuous manner
in accordance with some intelligence (e.g., sound). Radio
receiver mixers or converters classified in Class 455, Telecommunications, are
similar to the modulators of Class 332 except that the modulating
signal wave contains, in addition to an arbitrary signal
wave a large predictable component (the incoming carrier
wave).
for automatic frequency stabilized oscillators with
a spectrum frequency reference source involving beat frequency generation
in the stabilizing circuit.
for oscillators combined with an output coupling
network, with space discharge device or unilaterally conductive
device therein, for harmonic producing or selecting.
Modulators, see (1) Note above. Consult
also the notes and search notes appended to the class and subclass definitions
of Class 332 as to other fields of search for beat frequency systems.
Telecommunications,
subclasses 130+ for radio receivers using the beat frequency principle (in
the form of autodyne, homodyne, superheterodyne and
other types of beat reception), subclasses 313+ for
radio receiver mixers or converters. See (1) Note above.
This subclass is indented under subclass 37. Subject matter wherein the system includes at least two
signal combining means (i.e., mixers or
modulators).
for automatic frequency stabilized oscillators with
reference oscillator or source and including plural heterodyne stages
in the frequency control circuit.
This subclass is indented under subclass 38. Subject matter wherein the plural mixers or modulators are
connected in concatenation or cascade in a single channel, that
is, the output of one mixer is connected to the input of
a succeeding mixer, etc.
This subclass is indented under subclass 37. Subject matter wherein (1) means are provided for
changing the generated frequency of at least one of the beating
oscillators from one frequency to another, usually over
a range of frequencies, the change may be by discrete steps or
continuous over the range, or (2) means
are provided for changing the amplitude of the generated oscillations
of at least one of the beating oscillators or for effecting a change
in amplitude at some other point in the system, e.g., in
the mixer circuit.
for oscillators which are automatically maintained
on frequency by retuning means when the frequency drifts from the
desired frequency, indented subclass 4 for search sweep
of the oscillator, indented subclass 15 for amplitude compensated
oscillator.
This subclass is indented under subclass 37. Subject matter wherein means are provided to prevent or
compensate for an undesired drift in output frequency of the system.
Such drift in frequency may be caused by (1) a
change in a circuit parameter (due to ambient temperature variations
or to the heating affects of currents in the circuit), (2) changes
in active element characteristics, (3) changes
in active element electrode potentials, (4) variations
in load impedance, (5) undesired pull-in
of one oscillator with respect to another oscillator of the system, etc.
This subclass is indented under subclass 37. Subject matter wherein the signal combining means is of
a particular type, such as the high frequency type (e.g., cavity
mixer) or a tuned circuit between oscillator and mixer
which circuit may include frequency dividers or multipliers.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter (1) wherein means are provided
to adjust the frequency setting means of the oscillator to make
its frequency of oscillation correspond to the frequency (or
fundamental, harmonic or sub-harmonic) of
a source of standard frequencies or (2) means
are provided wherein the frequency of the oscillations generated
by the oscillator is compared with the frequency of the oscillations
of a source of standard frequencies and the tuning position indicator
or dial of the oscillator is graduated or marked in accordance with
the results of the comparison with the known frequency setting or
settings of the source of standard frequencies or (3) wherein
means are provided to determine a performance characteristic, or characteristics, of
the oscillator under prescribed conditions of operation (e.g., test
under particular duty cycle, test under various load conditions, test
purity of generated wave form, etc.).
for oscillators with indicator, signal, or
alarm in general and wherein frequency calibration of the oscillator with
respect to a source of standard frequency or test of some other
characteristic of the oscillator are not involved.
Electricity: Measuring and Testing,
subclasses 20+ for systems for testing lamps and space discharge
devices in general, particularly subclasses 24+ for
testing the discharge characteristics of space discharge devices (e.g., such
as triodes and pentodes), subclasses 57+ for
measuring or testing electrical apparatus wherein no details of
the apparatus are claimed, subclasses 76.12+ for
systems to analyze complex electrical waves, and subclasses
76.39+ for systems for measuring the frequency
of cyclic current or voltage.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter wherein the oscillator system is provided
with at least two output circuit, each output producing
a separate wave of the same frequency, the waves being
displaced in phase by a fixed angle (other than phase coincidence
or phase opposition) so as to produce a multiphase or polyphase
set of currents or voltages.
Electric Power Conversion Systems,
subclasses 1+ for cascaded or combined diverse conversion which
may include conversion from one number of phases to another number
of phases, and subclasses 148+ for phase conversion
systems, per se.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter comprising an electrical system including
at least two significant oscillators.
(1)
Note. If only one oscillator is significantly claimed
and the other oscillator or oscillators are merely recited by name only
without any oscillator circuit detail being claimed, classification
is elsewhere in this class in accordance with the nature of system
or of the significant oscillator claimed.
for oscillator systems with automatic frequency
stabilization which may involve plural oscillators. See
especially subclasses: 2, wherein plural oscillators
are stabilized, 18+, wherein a reference
oscillator or source is utilized, 30+, for
such systems combined with a stable heterodyne oscillator. 37+, for
plural oscillators utilized to produce a beat frequency. 45, for
polyphase output systems that may utilize plural oscillators. 71, for
oscillator systems wherein raw A.C. is utilized
as a source of power or bias.
Electrical Transmission or Interconnection Systems, particularly
subclasses 18+ for plural sources of electrical energy in general
associated with plural output circuits and subclasses 43+ for
plural sources of electrical energy associated with a common output
or load.
This subclass is indented under subclass 46. Subject matter wherein means are provided to enable energy
from one oscillator to modify or vary the amplitude or frequency
of the oscillations generated by another oscillator.
for automatic frequency stabilized oscillators wherein
one oscillator sweeps the generated frequency of a frequency stabilized
oscillator through a range of frequencies.
This subclass is indented under subclass 46. Subject matter wherein at least one of a plurality of oscillators
is provided with means to change the generated frequency from one
value to another.
for plural oscillators with automatic frequency
stabilization, and subclass 34+ for oscillators
with automatic frequency stabilization having particular frequency
control means.
This subclass is indented under subclass 46. Subject matter wherein means are provided for connecting
one or more of two or more oscillators at will to a common output
circuit or wherein means are provided for disconnecting one oscillator
from a load circuit and connecting another oscillator to the load
circuit, i.e., oscillator substitution.
Electrical Transmission or Interconnection Systems,
subclass 23 for systems for substituting a source in a plural
source-plural load circuit system, subclass 29
for systems for selectively connecting plural sources to plural load
circuits, subclasses 64+ for systems for substituting
a source in a plural source-single load system, and subclass
80 for systems for selectively connecting a source or sources in
a plural source-single load system.
This subclass is indented under subclass 46. Subject matter wherein two or more oscillators are effectively
connected in concatenation, that is, the output
circuit of one oscillator is connected to the input circuit of a
second oscillator so that the first oscillator drives the second oscillator.
The second oscillator may drive a third oscillator, the
third oscillator a fourth oscillator, etc.
This subclass is indented under subclass 50. Cascaded oscillators wherein at least one succeeding oscillator
generates oscillations of a frequency that is subharmonically related
to the frequency of the oscillations generated by a preceding oscillator
of the cascade.
Electric Power Conversion Systems,
subclasses 157+ for frequency conversion systems in general, wherein an
input alternating current of one frequency is converted directly
into an output alternating current of a different frequency.
The output frequency may be either less or greater than this input
frequency.
This subclass is indented under subclass 50. Subject matter wherein the cascaded oscillators are of the
semiconductor active element type (e.g., transistor).
This subclass is indented under subclass 50. Cascaded oscillators wherein at least one succeeding oscillator
generates oscillations of a frequency that is harmonically related
to the frequency of the oscillations generated by a preceding oscillator
of the cascade.
for a single oscillator combined with an harmonic
producing or selecting network, which network includes
a space discharge or unilaterally conductive device.
Electric Power Conversion Systems,
subclasses 157+ for frequency conversion systems in general, wherein an
input alternating current of one frequency is converted directly
into an alternating current of another frequency. The
output frequency may be either greater or less than the input frequency.
This subclass is indented under subclass 50. Subject matter wherein at least two of the cascaded oscillators
are of different types, such as: Hartley and
Colpitts oscillators, relaxation and sine wave oscillators, multivibrator
and blocking oscillators, by way of examples.
This subclass is indented under subclass 46. Subject matter wherein at least one of a plurality of oscillators
is provided with means for coupling the oscillator, or
oscillators, to a periodic source of synchronizing or triggering potential
to drive to lock the period of the oscillator, or oscillators, to
the period of the source or to some multiple or submultiple thereof.
This subclass is indented under subclass 46. Subject matter wherein the output circuits of at least two
oscillators are effectively connected in parallel.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter wherein the oscillator comprises three or
more active elements connected or cascade, the output of
one active element being connected to the input of another active
element to form a closed chain or loop, the active elements
being so connected and biased that they are caused to switch from
a conducting to a nonconducting state in succession, cyclically, thereby
generating self-sustained oscillations.
for phase shift oscillators which may comprise plural
tubes in cascade in a closed loop, but wherein a switching action
of the tubes does not take place.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter wherein the oscillator circuit is provided
with means for performing at least one other function in addition
to the generation of oscillations, which other function
is independent of and is intended to be performed concurrently with
the production of oscillations by the oscillator. An example
of the type of plural function system falling within the foregoing
definition is that of a vacuum tube circuit that simultaneously
acts as an amplifier of extraneous waves of one frequency and as
an oscillator with respect to waves of a different frequency, there
being no mutual interaction between the two waves.
for beat frequency oscillators wherein a single
electron tube oscillator may act as a frequency converter, the
oscillations generated by the oscillator being combined or mixed
within the tube with externally supplied oscillations to produce
in the output of the tube a beat frequency which is the algebraic
sum or difference of the generated and supplied oscillations.
for oscillator systems that may be selectively converted
from an oscillator to another type of electrical system, such
as an amplifier, or detector, or to another oscillator
of a different type.
Amplifiers,
subclasses 1 , 82, 93, 101, 104, and
112 for subject matter including plural function amplifiers which
also operate as oscillators simultaneously.
Modulators, appropriate subclasses, wherein a single
electron tube circuit may perform the dual function of carrier frequency
generation and modulation.
Telecommunications,
subclasses 321+ for heterodyne receiving systems utilizing a frequency
converter system wherein a single electron tube circuit may perform
the dual function of local oscillation generation and signal frequency
mixing.
CONVERTIBLE (E.G., OSCILLATOR
TO AMPLIFIER, ETC.):
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter wherein means are provided for effecting
a change in oscillator circuit connections or for adding or substituting
circuit element thereto so that the system resulting from such change
or substitution is substantially different from the original oscillator
circuit.
(1)
Note. Typical systems classifiable herein are oscillators
convertible to (1) amplifiers, (2) detectors, (3) wave meters, (4) triggered
multivibrator, or oscillators convertible to another type
of oscillator, for example, (5) sine
wave generator to square wave generator, (6) Colpitts
oscillator to Hartley oscillator, (7) Colpitts
oscillator to tuned feedback oscillator, and (8) fixed
frequency crystal oscillator to tunable LC oscillator.
for oscillator systems wherein the system simultaneously
performs some function in addition to generating oscillations (e.g., amplifies
an external signal or detects an external signal).
for oscillators in general wherein the frequency
of oscillation is adjustable in discrete steps, e.g., by
switching in or substituting inductors and/or capacitors
having different fixed values of reactance.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter wherein the oscillator network includes at
least two separate and distinct output circuits.
(1)
Note. Push-pull output type oscillators for
supplying a balance push-pull load are classified with
the particular oscillator.
for oscillators of the polyphase output type wherein
the separate output voltages or currents are of the polyphase type, i.e., the
separate output voltages or currents are of the same period and differ
by a constant phase angle (other than phase coincidence
or phase opposition).
This subclass is indented under subclass 60. Subject matter wherein the electric waves derivable from
at least two separate output circuits are of different wave shapes.
Examples are: sine wave and triangular wave, saw-tooth and
square wave, sine wave and square wave, etc.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter wherein the oscillator is provided with means
to protect the oscillator circuit or elements thereof from damage
due to some condition or malfunction of the oscillator circuit or
power supply therefor.
for oscillators provided with means to protect operating
personnel or others who may come into contact with exposed portions
of the oscillator from electrical shock.
for oscillators provided with electromagnetic or
electrostatic shield means to prevent undesirable couplings between
elements of the oscillator caused by fields generated within the oscillator
circuit or to prevent external fields from influencing the oscillator.
for oscillators provided with means to modify the
temperature of the oscillator or elements thereof, wherein
the means may be for the purpose of cooling the oscillator or elements
thereof to prevent damage thereto that would result if the oscillator
or elements thereof were permitted to overheat.
for oscillators having means for controlling or
maintaining the amplitude level of the generated oscillations and wherein
the invention is not primarily for protecting the oscillator from overload.
for oscillators having a regulated source of power
or bias and wherein the invention is not primarily for protecting
the oscillator from damage due to excessive bias potential.
Electrical Transmission or Interconnection Systems,
subclasses 326+ for electrical systems in general having self-protective, safety
or limit control features.
Electricity: Electrical Systems and Devices,
subclasses 1+ for safety and protection systems for electrical devices
and equipment in general. See the search notes, and
under "SEARCH CLASS" of subclasses 92+ of
Class 307 and subclasses 1+ of Class 361 as to further
fields of search for protective systems for specific electrical
devices and systems.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter wherein the oscillator is provided with means
for protecting persons contacting the oscillator or an exposed portion thereof
or persons controlling the oscillator from the danger of bodily
injury or electrical shock because of the high potentials associated with
the oscillator (e.g., the potential
of the power source or the generated oscillations).
for oscillators having means to prevent damage to
the oscillator circuit or elements thereof due to some condition
or malfunction of the oscillator circuit or the power supply therefor.
Electricity: Conductors and Insulators,
subclass 5 for electric shock hazard protective devices in
general. See also the search notes to this subclass as
to other fields of search for devices to protect personnel against
electrical shock.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter wherein the oscillator is provided with an
indicator, signal or alarm means to indicate or signal
some state or condition of the oscillator.
(1)
Note. Examples of indicating, signaling or
alarm means included herein are (1) calibrated
scales and cooperating indicators or pointers to indicate the frequency setting
of a tunable tank circuit of the oscillator or to indicate the amplitude setting
of an output attenuator of the oscillator, (2) electric
meters, signals or alarms to indicate or respond to any
current or potential of the oscillator, such as output
load current or power, overload current, bias
potential level, frequency of the generated oscillations, standing
wave ratio of oscillator resonator, etc., (3) indicating
or signaling means responsive to any other condition of the oscillator such
as temperature or humidity, by way of example.
(2)
Note. Systems wherein the oscillator is an element
of a more comprehensive indicating or signaling system, for
example, a system for performing an external (to
the oscillator) chemical, physical or electrical
measurement or test are not classified herein but in the class providing
for such systems.
for methods of or systems for calibrating the oscillation
frequency setting means or tuning scale of an oscillator or for
testing the oscillation frequency characteristics of the oscillator.
Electricity: Measuring and Testing, appropriate subclasses for electrical measuring and testing
systems in general, particularly
subclasses 76.39+ for cyclic current or voltage frequency measuring
or testing devices.
Modulators,
subclass 118 for frequency modulators and subclass 150 for amplitude
modulators with indicating means, observing means and/or signal, respectively.
Communications: Electrical, appropriate subclasses for electrical signals and alarms, especially
subclasses 870.01+ for continuous variable indication devices and
systems (e.g., telemetry) and
subclass 653 for oscillator condition responsive signals and alarms.
WITH DEVICE RESPONSIVE TO EXTERNAL PHYSICAL CONDITION:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter wherein the oscillator is combined with means
distinct from the oscillator system or wherein the means is a modified element
of the oscillator, which means is responsive to a nonelectrical
condition external to the oscillator, a current characteristic
of the oscillator, (e.g., amplitude
or frequency) being varied in accordance with changes in
the sensed condition.
(1)
Note. The condition sensing means may, for
example, comprise means responsive to (1) presence
or absence of a material body, (2) moisture
or humidity, (3) temperature, (4) light, (5) pressure, (6) liquid level, and
so forth.
for oscillators with automatic frequency stabilization
wherein means are employed to sense a drift in oscillator frequency
and to effect a tuning of the oscillator in the proper direction to
maintain the oscillator frequency constant.
for oscillators having means to sense an undesirable
condition in the oscillator and responsive thereto to correct the
condition or so control the oscillator to prevent damage to the
oscillator.
and 70, for oscillators having means to
modify the temperature of the oscillator or a part thereof in response
to temperature changes in the oscillator or the relative temperature
change of the oscillator and its ambient medium.
Measuring and Testing, appropriate subclasses, for measuring and
testing apparatus involving sensing means for making physical measurements
or tests not provided for in other classes. See also, the
Notes to the class definitions and under "SEARCH CLASS" as
to condition sensing means classified in other classes.
See particularly under (3) Note, section
C, of the class definition of Class 73 as to various electrical
devices and electrical systems classes which utilize condition responsive
controls.
This subclass is indented under subclass 65. Subject matter wherein the condition responsive means is
responsive to temperature or radiant energy in the form of light.
Communications: Electrical,
subclasses 584+ and 600 for electrical signal systems or alarms
responsive to temperature, radiant and energy respectively.
Thermal Measuring and Testing,
subclasses 121+ for a thermal radiation responsive thermometer, and
subclasses 170+ for an electrical thermometer with a digital
signal controlling an indicator.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter wherein the oscillator system is provided (1) with
means for shielding at least part of the oscillator system from
external electric or magnetic fields, (2) with
means to shield one or more parts of the oscillator system from
electric or magnetic fields generated in one or more other parts
of the oscillator system, (3) with shielding
or screening means to prevent radiation of undesired electric or
magnetic fields generated within the oscillator system.
(1)
Note. The electric or magnetic shield or screen
to be classified herein must be in addition to and separate from
oscillator circuit element structure. For example, if the
electron tube of the oscillator contains a screen grid orshielding
electrode as a perfecting feature of the tube this is considered
tube structure and not shielding or screening for this subclass.
Subclasses 72+ for instance, is directed to electron
coupled oscillators utilizing tetrode or pentode tubes wherein the
screen electrode shields or screens the oscillator circuit section
of the tube from the output or anode circuit thereof.
Another example of excluded subject matter is that of an oscillator
wherein the resonator of the oscillator encloses and forms a screen
for the active element of the oscillator (see subclasses
97+, for example, for a tube enclosed
by a distributed parameter type resonator).
(2)
Note. The shield or screen must be claimed as a
magnetic, electric or electromagnetic shield or screen, or
such limitations must be recited to clearly restrict the shield
or screen to that use, to cause classification in this
subclass. Merely reciting the combination of an oscillator
with an outer casing or housing, or as a metallic outer
casing or housing, for example, would not be sufficient for
classification herein, such combination being classified
in subclasses 68+ below.
Electricity: Conductors and Insulators,
subclasses 32 through 397for miscellaneous anti-inductive structures, particularly
subclasses 350-397 for miscellaneous electrical shields and
screen structures not elsewhere classifiable. The search
notes to subclasses 32-397, indicate further fields of
search for anti-inductive and shielding structure.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Oscillators provided with a casing or housing to enclose
the oscillator.
(1)
Note. The function of the casing or housing surrounding
the oscillator in the patents in this subclass is to provide primarily
for the mechanical protection or for the control of the physical
environment of the enclosed oscillator.
(2)
Note. The casing or housing includes at least the
oscillator system and may or may not include the power supply or biasing
sources for the oscillator.
(3)
Note. If the casing or housing is claimed as an
electric, magnetic, or electro-magnetic
shield or screen the patent is excluded.
(4)
Note. The casing or housing in this subclass must
be independent of the oscillator. For example, if
the oscillator is enclosed by one of its own components (such
as its resonator) classification is with the particular
oscillator.
for magnetically controlled space discharge device
oscillators (e.g., magnetron) wherein
the frequency determining network of the oscillator is enclosed
by the tube envelope.
Electricity: Conductors and Insulators, for miscellaneous casings and housings for electrical devices
and including the combination of the casing or housing with the
electrical device recited by name only, particularly
subclasses 8+ for such devices intended to be used with a fluid
or vacuum and subclasses 50+ for such devices of general
utility. See the search notes to the class definition
of Class 174 and to subclasses 8 and 50 and under "SEARCH
CLASS" thereunder as to other fields of search for particular
electrical devices with housings.
This subclass is indented under subclass 68. Subject matter wherein means are associated with the housed
oscillator for controlling or modifying the temperature of the oscillator
or elements thereof.
for oscillators combined with temperature sensing
means external to the oscillator for controlling a characteristic
of the oscillator (e.g., frequency
or amplitude) as a function of an externally sensed temperature.
for oscillators having means for controlling or
modifying the temperature of the oscillator or elements thereof and
wherein the oscillator is not combined with an enclosing housing
or casing.
Electricity: Conductors and Insulators,
subclasses 15.1+ for combined electrical device (recited
by name only) casing or housing therefor and means for
feeding, circulating or distributing a fluid or with means
to cool either the electrical device or the fluid.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter wherein means are provided for modifying
or controlling the temperature of the oscillator or elements thereof.
(1)
Note. For example, included in this subclass
are oscillators provided with (1) crystal ovens
for controlling or maintaining the oscillator crystal temperature constant, (2) means
for forcing a cooling fluid through a cavity resonator of the oscillator, (3) means
for circulating a fluid through a hollow conductor comprising the
inductor of the LC frequency determining element of the oscillator, (4) an
oscillator tube wherein the anode or cathode structure of the tube
is provided with passages through which a cooling fluid is passed
or wherein the external terminal of the anode electrode may include
cooling fins.
for oscillators combined with an external temperature
responsive means for controlling a characteristic (e.g., frequency
or amplitude) of the oscillator.
Electricity: Conductors and Insulators,
subclasses 15.1+ for means for cooling electrical apparatus wherein no
details of the apparatus are claimed. See the search notes
to subclass 15.1 and the class definition search notes
of Class 174 for other fields of search with respect to modifying
the temperature of particular electrical apparatus.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter wherein the source of power or bias for the
output and control electrodes or the output electrode of the active
element of the oscillator comprises raw alternating current, which
current is applied directly to the electrodes.
(1)
Note. Where the raw alternating current is merely
applied to the control electrode of the active element of the oscillator classification
is not in this subclass, but elsewhere in this class in
accordance with the particular type of oscillator systems or the
nature of the control. See the search notes below for
oscillator systems which may have alternating current applied to
the control grid of the active element thereof may be found, wherein one
oscillator is used to vary the amplitude of the oscillation generated
by another oscillator; for cascaded or series connected
oscillators; for a subclass wherein plural oscillators
may be synchronized from an external source or where one oscillator
synchronizes another; for oscillators with periodic or repetitious
amplitude and/or frequency varying means (e.g., tremolo, vibrato); for
and oscillators with synchronizing triggering or pulsing means involving grid
bias control; for blocking oscillators, for relaxation
oscillators in general and for oscillators in general.
for oscillator systems which may have alternating
current applied to the control grid of the active element thereof, wherein
one oscillator is used to vary the amplitude of the oscillation
generated by another oscillator.
Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Systems,
subclasses 137+ for gaseous space discharge device or vacuum diode
systems supplied with a polyphase alternating current, and subclasses
246+ for similar systems supplied with pulsating or alternating current
supply (see the search notes appended to subclasses 246+ for
further fields of search for similar subject matter).
Amplifiers,
subclasses 114+ for linear amplifiers wherein an unrectified alternating
current is applied to an electrode of an active element or elements, thereof.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter wherein the active element of the oscillator
includes a cathode, two or more grids and an output electrode (e.g., conventional
tetrode or pentode) and wherein the cathode and at least
two grids are connected in circuit to form a triode oscillator, one
of the grids acting as an anode electrode, and wherein the
output electrode is coupled to the oscillator solely through the
electron stream, so that the output circuit is substantially
isolated from the oscillator circuit. In effect, the
resulting circuit comprises an oscillator and power amplifier combined
in one tube.
This subclass is indented under subclass 72. Subject matter, wherein a piezoelectric crystal comprises
a frequency determining element of the oscillator.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter wherein the oscillator has coupled or connected
to its output circuit an additional network, which network
may be passive or active, the driven load being coupled or
connected to the output of the additional network.
(1)
Note. To be classified in this and indented subclasses
the additional output coupling network must be significantly claimed.
If it is claimed nominally, for example, as a
transformer coupled output or a directly connected output, or
the like, classification will be with the particular oscillator
and not herein.
(2)
Note. Where the oscillator is claimed in broad terms, such
as a wave generator, pulse generator harmonic generator, oscillator, or
the like, so as to provide no basis for classification
in this class and the oscillator is claimed in combination with
a specific output coupling network, classification, in
general, will be with the particular coupling network and
not herein.
for beat frequency oscillators wherein at least
two sources of oscillation are connected or coupled to a modulator or
mixer network to produce an output which is the difference or the
sum of the two frequencies.
for electron coupled oscillators wherein a single
multi-grid electron tube (e.g., tetrode
or pentode) is so connected that one section of the tube acts
as an oscillator and the output electrode (usually the
anode) is coupled to the oscillator solely through the
electron stream and acts effectively as a stage of amplification.
Miscellaneous Active Electrical Nonlinear Devices, Circuits, and
Systems, appropriate subclasses and search notes for a field
of search for coupling networks of the active element type; also
see appropriate subclasses for miscellaneous systems with particular
output circuits. See the (2) Note above.
Wave Transmission Lines and Networks, provides for passive type wave transmission coupling networks (e.g., impedance
matching networks, equalizing networks, delay
lines, wave filters); see the class definitions
and search notes; also see
subclasses 24+ for passive coupling networks, per se, and
see the Search Class notes thereunder. See also (2) Note
above.
This subclass is indented under subclass 74. Subject matter wherein the output coupling network includes
a device having at least two spaced electrodes between which an
electric current may be caused to flow. Included, by way
of example, are spark gaps, electron tubes (diodes, triodes, etc.) of
the vacuum type or gas-filled type and solid state equivalents thereof, such
as semi-conductor barrier layer devices (e.g., rectifier, transistors).
for electron coupled oscillators wherein a single
multi-grid electron tube (e.g., tetrode
or pentode) is so connected that one section of the tube acts
as an oscillator and the output electrode (usually the
anode) is coupled to the oscillator solely through the
electron stream and acts effectively as a stage of amplification.
Electrical Transmission or Interconnection Systems,
subclasses 401+ for miscellaneous systems utilizing nonlinear reactor
devices and not elsewhere classifiable and subclasses 106+ for
class appropriate waveform or wave shape determinative or pulse producing
systems.
Miscellaneous Active Electrical Nonlinear Devices, Circuits, and
Systems, appropriate subclasses for miscellaneous transistor
and electron tube nonlinear circuits.
This subclass is indented under subclass 75. Subject matter wherein (1) the active
element is operated on a nonlinear portion of its characteristic
so as to produce harmonics of the fundamental frequency of the oscillator, further filter
means usually being provided to select a particular harmonic or
harmonics of the harmonics generated, or (2) a
wave filter selective to the desired harmonic or harmonics of the harmonics
generated by the oscillator is included in the output coupling network.
Electrical Transmission or Interconnection Systems,
subclass 105 for miscellaneous systems employing harmonic filtering
or neutralizing devices and not elsewhere classifiable.
Wave Transmission Lines and Networks,
subclasses 167+ for passive wave filters, especially subclasses 175+ for
resonant discrete frequency selective type filters.
Electric Power Conversion Systems,
subclasses 157+ for frequency conversion systems, for
directly converting a current into a current of a higher or lower
frequency, especially subclasses 166+ for electronic
tube frequency converting systems.
This subclass is indented under subclass 74. Subject matter wherein the output coupling network is of
the passive type and is so designed as to pass waves of a desired
frequency or band of frequencies with little attenuation while highly
attenuating waves of other or undesired frequency or band of frequencies.
for oscillators having automatic frequency stabilization
utilizing a stable heterodyne oscillator and wherein the frequency
discriminator may be of the passive-filter type.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter wherein the oscillator comprises means for
utilizing the random translatory motions of charged particles for generating
a substantially infinite number of waves of different frequencies
which are fortuitously related, having no definite phase
relationship, period, amplitude or shape.
The means may be (1) a solid conductor, the
random waves being generated by the thermal agitation of the free
electrons, or (2) a thermionic space
discharge device, wherein the random waves are caused by
random emission of electrons (such as the shot effect in
a temperature limited thermionic diode), or (3) a
gaseous space discharge device wherein the thermal agitation or
electrical excitation of the molecules, ions and electrons
of the gas produces the random waves.
for molecular or particle resonant type oscillators
wherein the generated oscillations are caused by the vibration of
the particle, molecule or atom itself and is not due to
translational motion of the particle, molecule or atoms
as a whole.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter wherein (1) the active
element of the oscillator comprises a space discharge device consisting
of a source of charged particles, means for concentrating
the particles into a directed beam, means for exerting
a control on the beam (e.g., beam
accelerating electrode, control grid, deflecting
means, slow wave structure, buncher type resonator, reflector
electrode, etc.) and means for deriving
output oscillatory energy from the controlled beam.
(1)
Note. The active elements in this and indented subclasses
are of the transit time or velocity variation or velocity modulation
type, and while space charge effects influence the beam
somewhat they are secondary, the primary effect of control
of the beam being that of velocity variation. This action
is to be contrasted with that of the space-charge control
tubes (e.g., conventional triode) wherein
the electron density is varied and the slight change in electron
velocity during such variation is secondary.
for magnetically controlled space discharge device
type oscillators (e.g., magnetron) wherein
the space discharge device is not of the beam type, but
which device may utilize transit time effects to produce oscillations.
Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Systems,
subclasses 1+ for cathode-ray tube systems in general, especially
subclasses 3+ for systems utilizing cathode-ray
tubes combined with circuit element structure.
This subclass is indented under subclass 79. Subject matter wherein the beam control means of the space
discharge device includes means (e.g., beam
deflecting electrodes or coils) for causing the beam to
depart from its directed path.
(1)
Note. Included in this subclass are systems wherein
the beam sweeping deflecting device acts as driven switching device
to shock excite a resonant circuit into oscillation, the
switching device being driven by an external oscillator. For
other shock-excited resonant circuit systems see the search
notes below. The driving oscillator in this subclass is claimed
in broad terms only, if the driving oscillator is significantly
claimed classification is in some preceding subclass, such
as the subclasses for the combination of specific oscillator with particular
output coupling networks, especially subclasses wherein
the output coupling network may include a space discharge device.
wherein the switching element is of the gaseous
space discharge type. The driving oscillator in this subclass
is claimed in broad terms only, if the driving oscillator
is significantly claimed classification is in some preceding subclass,
wherein the switching element is of the active element
type and which system is not provided for in any preceding subclass. The
driving oscillator in this subclass is claimed in broad terms only, if
the driving oscillator is significantly claimed classification is in
some preceding subclass.
Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Systems,
subclasses 5.18+ for cathode-ray tube devices including a
hollow distributed parameter type resonator wherein the ray passes through
the resonator and the tube is provided with repeller means to return the
ray to the resonator, subclasses 5.24+ for
cathode-ray tube devices including a hollow resonator through the
ray passes and having means to deflect or reflect the ray, and
subclasses 364+ for cathode-ray tube circuits
in general having means for deflecting the cathode-ray.
This subclass is indented under subclass 79. Subject matter wherein the means for controlling the beam
comprises a resonator or a slow wave structure (delay line) effectively
in energy-coupling relation to the moving beam of particles, the
energy interchange between the particles and resonator or slow wave
structure due to relative movement therebetween resulting in a change
in velocity of given particles along the path of the beam, such
differences in velocity of given particles causing the particles
to form in groups or bunches.
for oscillators utilizing velocity variation type
active elements (e.g., Klystron) and
having means for automatically stabilizing the oscillator frequency.
for magnetically controlled space discharge device
oscillators of the magnetron type wherein the electrons in the interaction
space between the cathode and anode resonator may be subjected to
velocity modulation and bunching to generate oscillations.
Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Systems,
subclasses 3+ for cathode-ray tubes combined with circuit
element structure, especially indented subclasses 3.5+ for
traveling wave tubes with delay transmission line and indented subclasses
4+ for cathode-ray tube combined with inductor
or distributed parameter type inductive structure, and
subclass 39.3 for traveling wave tube with delay line and
wherein the active electrons are not in the form of a beam or ray.
Modulators,
subclasses 133 , 147+ or 165+, for
electron bunching type tubes (e.g., klystron) utilized
in a frequency, phase or amplitude modulator, respectively.
This subclass is indented under subclass 81. Subject matter wherein the means controlling the beam comprises
a transmission line of the slow wave type placed in energy exchanging relation
to the beam of particles, the axes of the transmission
line and the beam being in the same general direction, the
transmission line being so constructed that the phase velocity of a
component of a traveling electromagnetic wave propagated therealong
approximates the velocity of the beam of particles being such that
the wave gains in energy while the particles lose energy, the
slowing down of the particles causing groups or bunches to form.
Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Systems,
subclasses 3.5+ for cathode-ray tube circuits wherein
the tube is of the traveling wave type combined with a delay type
transmission line, and subclass 39.3 for a discharge
device of the traveling wave type with delay type transmission line.
This subclass is indented under subclass 81. Subject matter wherein the means controlling the beam includes
at least two distributed parameter devices of the cavity resonator
type, the resonators being provided with apertures, the
beam of particles being directed through the apertures of the resonators
in succession, exciting the resonators into oscillation. The first
resonator causes bunching of the particles passing therethrough, the
bunched particles then travel in a field-free region where
further bunching occurs and then the bunched particles enter the
second resonator giving up their energy to excite it into oscillation, a
positive feedback loop from the second resonator to the first resonator
causes sustained oscillations to be generated.
Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Systems,
subclass 5.16 for combined cathode-ray tube with plural
hollow devices where in plural rays pass through or in the hollow devices,
subclass 5.27 for similar devices utilizing a single ray
and with ray deflection means.
This subclass is indented under subclass 81. Subject matter wherein the means controlling the beam of
particles comprises a buncher resonator effectively placed in the
path of the beam and interacting therewith to cause the particles to
be velocity modulated or bunched, a repeller electrode
is provided in the path of the bunched particles and is so biased
as to reflect the bunched particles and cause them to return to the
buncher resonator in proper phase to interact therewith to give
additional energy to the resonator and produce sustained oscillations.
for retarding field type (e.g., Barkhausen-Kurz) oscillators
wherein the active element is not of the beam type and wherein a
cloud of electrons is caused to oscillate about a positively biased
grid.
Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Systems,
subclasses 5.18+ for combined cathode-ray tube and hollow
resonator structure wherein the ray is reflected and returns to
and enters the resonator, and subclasses 5.24+ for
similar devices wherein the ray returns to but does not enter the resonator.
WITH MAGNETICALLY CONTROLLED SPACE DISCHARGE DEVICE (E.G., MAGNETRON):
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter wherein the active element of the oscillator
consists of a space discharge device having means for producing
a space discharge comprising charged particles, such as
electrons or ions, and wherein further means are provided
for subjecting the space discharge to the direct control of a magnetic field
and an electric field.
(1)
Note. This subclass includes magnetrons, a
specific form of magnetically controlled space discharge device.
The magnetron is essentially a diode comprising a linear cathode, an
anode, usually cylindrical, coaxial therewith
and wherein the magnetic field is parallel to the longitudinal axis
of the cathode while the electric field is transverse thereto.
In the multicavity magnetron the frequency determining element is structurally
a part of the anode.
Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices,
subclass 433 for cathode-ray tube structure provided
with electrostatic and electromagnetic, beam deflecting means
and subclasses 153+ for space discharge device structure
provided with a magnetic device, especially indented subclasses
156+ for space discharge devices where the magnetic field
is transverse to the discharge.
Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Systems,
subclass 5.13 for cathode ray device with a hollow resonator
combined with a magnetron, subclasses 399+ for
cathode-ray tube systems utilizing electromagnetic beam
deflection, and subclasses 39.51+ for
distributed parameter type resonator magnetron space discharge devices
in general wherein the resonator is a structural part of the space
discharge device.
This subclass is indented under subclass 86. Subject matter wherein an electrical network including switching
or keying means is provided for producing high voltage pulses of large
energy content, which pulses are applied between electrodes (cathode
and anode) of the active element of the oscillator to cause
the oscillator to generate oscillations in accordance with the duration
of the pulses.
Electrical Transmission or Interconnection Systems,
subclasses 106+ for waveform or wave shape determinative or pulse
producing systems which are class appropriate and especially subclass
108 for such systems utilizing capacitors.
Modulators, particularly
subclasses 132 and 166 for modulators of the magnetic field electronic
tube type and subclasses 106+ for pulse modulation systems
in general respectively.
This subclass is indented under subclass 86. Subject matter wherein means are provided in the oscillator
circuit to prevent or compensate for undesirable drift or change
in oscillator frequency caused by changes in (1) space
discharge device characteristics or (2) circuit parameters
or (3) supply or bias voltages, or any
combination or (1), (2) or (3).
(1)
Note. This subclass does not provide for oscillators
with automatic frequency stabilization wherein means are provided for
sensing or detecting an undesired change in oscillator frequency, developing
a control or error voltage proportional to such change and applying
the control or error voltage to means for varying or adjusting a
frequency determining means of the oscillator in such a sense as
to bring the oscillator back on frequency. For such subject
matter search subclasses 1+ above, particularly subclass
5 for magnetron type oscillators.
for oscillators utilizing magnetically controlled
space discharge devices and having means to automatically stabilize
the frequency. See, also, (1) Note
above.
for oscillators with outer casing, housing
or shield and wherein a temperature modifier is provided which may aid
in stabilizing the oscillator frequency.
This subclass is indented under subclass 86. Subject matter wherein the magnetically controlled space
discharge device includes a secondary electron emissive electrode.
(1)
Note. The secondary electron emission electrode, for
example, may be (1) an auxiliary electrode, or (2) the
cathode electrode, which cathode may be designed to produce
electrons by thermionic and secondary emission or by secondary emission
alone (cold cathode), or (3) the
anode or collector electrode.
for negative resistance or negative transconductance
type oscillators in general utilizing the phenomenon of secondary
electron emission (e.g., dynatron
oscillators).
Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices,
subclasses 103+ for the structure of space discharge devices including secondary
electron emissive electrodes. See the search notes to subclasses
103+ of Class 313 as to the further fields of search for
secondary electron emissive devices or systems utilizing such devices.
Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Systems,
subclass 39.63 for magnetically controlled space discharge device
structures (e.g., magnetrons) having
secondary electron emitter means.
Wave Transmission Lines and Networks,
subclasses 213+ for negative resistance networks which networks may
include a negative resistance device having a secondary emissive electrode.
This subclass is indented under subclass 86. Subject matter wherein the oscillator includes means to
vary or change the frequency of the oscillations generated by the
oscillator.
(1)
Note. The frequency adjustment of the oscillator
may be effected in many ways, (1) by
moving a tuning element such as a variable capacitor or variable
inductor of a resonant circuit or the short-circuiting
element of a resonant line, (2) by electronic
control such as an auxiliary cathode in a resonator cavity of a
multicavity magnetron, (3) by adjusting
the strength of the magnetic field in the electron interaction space
of a magnetron.
for oscillators having means for automatically stabilizing
the oscillator frequency, especially indented subclass
5 wherein the oscillator is of the magnetron type.
Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Systems,
subclasses 39.55+ for distributed parameter resonator magnetron type
space discharge device having variable tuning means.
Modulators,
subclass 5 for modulator systems of magnetic field electronic tube
type (e.g., magnetic) wherein
the modulating signal may vary the tuning of the system.
This subclass is indented under subclass 86. Subject matter wherein the circuit constants of the oscillator
are such that the oscillator may have several possible modes of
operation and wherein means are provided to prevent or suppress
the generation of modes other than the desired mode.
(1)
Note. Undesired mode generation is most common in
magnetrons of the multicavity anode type and may be prevented or
suppressed in various ways, for example, by strapping (conductively connecting) alternate
segments of the resonant cavities, by changing the resonant
cavity structure so that alternate cavities are resonant at different
frequencies or by some external means such as a resonant break-down
device or wave filter device in the output coupling line of the
magnetron.
Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Systems,
subclass 39.65 for magnetron devices wherein the anode structure
is of the plural diverse resonator type, and subclass 39.69
for magnetron devices wherein the plural resonators of the anode
structure are strapped.
RETARDING FIELD TUBE-TYPE OSCILLATORS (E.G., BARKHAUSEN KURZ):
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter wherein the oscillator comprises an electron
tube having at least three electrodes, i.e., a
source of electrons (cathode), control
electrode (grid) and an anode or plate electrode, the
control electrode being biased positively with respect to the other
electrodes. The bias potentials of the electrodes are
so chosen that the electrons attracted from the cathode by the positive
grid pass through the grid and are slowed down by the repelling
effect of the negative anode field and are returned back to, or
through the grid. This phenomenon is repeated again and
again so that a cloud of electrons is caused to sweep back and forth through
the grid, giving up energy to the grid at a frequency which
is a function of the transit time of the electrons. Usually
a frequency determining network is associated with the electron
tube so that the frequency of the generated oscillation is a function
of both the electron transit time and the network parameters.
for beam tube oscillators of the reflex type wherein
an electron beam is projected through a beam permeable electrode
cavity toward a repelling electrode which electrode reflects the beam, causing
it to pass back through the permeable electrode or cavity.
Demodulators,
subclass 322 for microwave frequency structure in a frequency
demodulator and subclass 354 for microwave structure in an amplitude
demodulator.
This subclass is indented under subclass 92. Subject matter wherein a distributed parameter frequency
determining network is associated with the electron tube.
MOLECULAR OR PARTICLE RESONANT TYPE (E.G., MASER):
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter wherein the oscillator consists of (a) a
medium which may be solid, liquid, or gaseous, comprising
particles, molecules, or atoms; (b) means
including a source of energy for setting the particles, molecules, or
atoms into a state of vibration or oscillation; and (c) means
to abstract electromagnetic wave energy produced by the vibration
or oscillation of the particles, molecules, or
atoms. The vibration or oscillation is that of the particle, molecule, or
atom itself and is not due to the translational motion of the particle, molecule, or
atom as a whole.
for electrical noise or random wave generators wherein
the translatory motions of charged particles or molecules are utilized
to generate oscillations.
Radiant Energy,
subclass 552 for devices for producing and propagating a unidirectional
stream of neutral molecules or atoms through vacuum, usually
at thermal velocity and including means to excite the molecules
or atoms at a resonant frequency.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter wherein the frequency determining element
of the oscillator comprises a variable split stator capacitor, the
stator plates being in general circular discs having a symmetrical
opening therein of butterfly wing configuration, the rotor
plates having a corresponding butterfly shape and being in interleaving
or meshing relation to the stator plates and being rotatable about
an axis normal to and passing through the center of symmetry of
the surface of the rotor plates. The arrangement is such
that both the capacitance and inductance of the device vary at a
function of the rotor position.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter wherein the frequency determining means or
resonator of the oscillator is of the distributed network type, the capacitance, inductance
and resistance of which cannot be isolated into separate lumped capacitors, inductors
or resistors and wherein the time factor of propagation of wave
energy in the network is appreciable. Examples of such
a network are an open-circuited or short-circuited
wave transmission line a quarter wave length long at the desired
resonant frequency. Included are transmission lines wherein
the principal wave may be of TEM mode (e.g., parallel
wire and coaxial lines) or E or H mode having longitudinal
as well as transverse wave components (e.g., hollow
conductors, dielectric rods, single wire surface-wave
mode wave guides).
for microwave oscillators having automatic frequency
stabilization and which utilize distributed parameter resonators
as discriminator means in the A.F.S. loop.
for oscillators utilizing electromechanical resonators
whose frequency may be determined by distributed physical parameters
of mass, stiffness and mechanical friction.
Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Systems,
subclasses 4+ for cathode-ray tube circuits and wherein the
cathode-ray tube includes distributed parameter resonator
structure and subclasses 39+ for space discharge device
load with distributed parameter type transmission line (e.g., wave guide, coaxial
cable) which line may act as a resonator.
Amplifiers,
subclass 45 for a linear amplifier having an electron beam vacuum
tube coupled to a cavity resonator; subclass 49 for a linear
amplifier having a vacuum tube amplifying device which has distributed
parameter characteristics which may involve a resonator; and
subclass 56 for linear amplifiers involving wave guide, cavity, of
concentric line resonator coupling, generally.
This subclass is indented under subclass 96. Subject matter wherein the oscillator includes a frequency
determining network comprising a hollow conductive structure, such
as a coaxial line resonator or a cavity type resonator, and wherein
the active element of the oscillator is effectively enclosed thereby.
for oscillators that include an electromagnetic
or electrostatic shield which may enclose the active element of
the oscillator and wherein the shield is not the frequency determining
network or resonator of the oscillator.
wherein the oscillator is enclosed by an outer casing
or housing which casing or housing is not the frequency determining
network or resonator of the oscillator.
Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Systems,
subclass 39 for the combination of a space discharge device
with a distributed parameter transmission line and wherein the line may
enclose the space discharge device.
This subclass is indented under subclass 97. Subject matter wherein the active element comprises an electron
tube including an envelope having an axis of symmetry and wherein at
least one electrode, usually the control grid of the tube, has
an external contact comprising a planar disc or annulus whose center
of revolution is on the axis of symmetry of the tube envelope and
normal thereto. Examples of such electron tubes are the
lighthouse tube and the pencil tube wherein the anode, grid
and cathode external contacts are surfaces of revolution about the
axis of the tube envelope and are displaced longitudinally there
along.
Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices,
subclasses 237+ , especially subclasses 249+, for
the structure of lighthouse and pencil type space discharge devices.
This subclass is indented under subclass 96. Subject matter wherein the frequency determining network
comprises at least two elongated conductors so oriented that their longitudinal
axis are parallel, are displaced relative to each other
and lie in a common plane.
(1)
Note. The cross-sectional configuration of
the individual conductors may have any geometric form, but
is usually circular, as is true of the well known Lecher wires, for
example.
This subclass is indented under subclass 99. Subject matter wherein the parallel wire resonator oscillator
includes two or more active elements connected in push-pull
relation.
This subclass is indented under subclass 96. Subject matter wherein the frequency determining network
comprises at least two elongated conductors, one of the
conductors being enclosed by and electrically shielded by the other
conductor, the conductors being so arranged that their
longitudinal axes are parallel or coincident (i.e., coaxial
line).
This subclass is indented under subclass 101. Subject matter wherein the coaxial or shielded line type
resonator oscillator includes two or more active elements connected
in push-pull relation.
TUBE STRUCTURE FORMS INDUCTIVE PART OF RESONANT CIRCUIT:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter wherein some structure or structures of the
active element, such as the space discharge electrodes
or the internal leads associated therewith, have an appreciable inductive
reactance which reactance is effectively included as part of the
frequency determining network of the oscillator.
for magnetic field controlled space discharge device
oscillators wherein the resonator is a structural part of the device (e.g., magnetron
type with rising-sun anode blocks).
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter wherein the oscillator comprises an electron
tube, having input and output electrodes, and
a frequency determining network effectively coupled between the
output and input electrodes and wherein the electrode spacing or
the electrode biasing potentials, or both, are
so chosen that the time of flight or transit angle of the electrons between
the electrodes is an appreciable part of a cycle of the generated
oscillations, the arrangement being such that energy is
continuously supplied to the frequency determining network in proper
phase to sustain oscillations.
for magnetron type oscillators having automatic
frequency control and wherein the active element may relay on electron
transit time effects to generate oscillations.
for retarding field type oscillators (e.g., Barkhausen-Kurz) wherein
the transit time effects of electrons oscillating about a positive
grid are utilized to generate oscillations.
WITH PARASITIC OSCILLATION CONTROL OR PREVENTION MEANS:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter wherein the oscillator, when in
operation, generates or tends to generate undesired spurious
oscillations and wherein means are provided in the oscillator circuit
to suppress, control or prevent the generation of such
undesired oscillations.
(1)
Note. The spurious oscillations may be caused, for
example, by (1) parasitic resonant circuits
formed by the tube leads and interelectrode capacitance of the active
element of the oscillator, (2) secondary
emission effects due to positive excursions of the grid of the active
element of the oscillator which produces a negative resistance and
causes the production of dynatron oscillations, (3) electron
transit time effects, particularly in a tetrode or pentode, when
the grid is positive with respect to cathode and output electrode, which
effects may produce Barkhausen oscillations, and (4) the radio
frequency chokes in the electrode biasing circuits which chokes
may be of such values as to cause the generation of low frequency
parasitic oscillations.
WITH PERIODOIC OR REPETITIOUS AMPLITUDE VARYING MEANS (E.G., TREMOLO):
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter wherein the oscillator is provided with means
to cyclically or repetitively vary the amplitude of the generated means
are provided to simultaneously vary the amplitude and frequency
of the generated wave cyclically or repetitively.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Oscillators wherein the oscillator comprises at least two
components (1) a two-terminal or four-terminal
active element of electrically conductive, semi-conductive, ferromagnetic
or ferroelectric material in the solid state, and (2) a
frequency determining network. Usually the two-terminal
active element constitutes a negative resistance so connected to
the frequency determining network that the resulting oscillator
is a two-terminal negative resistance oscillator, whereas
the four-terminal active element is so connected to the
frequency determining network that the resulting oscillator is of
the feedback type.
(1)
Note. Oscillator system elements recited in the
Class 331 definition of an oscillator system occur in a Gunn element
with input and output terminals, even though a Gunn Oscillator
isn"t even an integrated circuit.
(2)
Note. If an oscillator system involving an active
solid state device or integrated circuit is claimed, nominally
or in detail, then it is properly classified in Class 331, whereas
if an oscillator system is not claimed or a subcombination thereof which
involves an active solid state device is claimed, and is
not elsewhere classifiable, then they are properly classified
in Class 257.
Active Solid-State Devices (e.g., Transistors, Solid-State
Diodes), for active solid-state devices, especially
subclasses 6 through 8for Gunn effect oscillators, and subclasses
446 and 499+ for integrated circuit devices with electrically
isolated components.
Electrical Transmission or Interconnection Systems,
subclasses 401+ for miscellaneous systems, not elsewhere classifiable
utilizing ferromagnetic or ferroelectric active elements, and
subclass 132 for switching systems of the self-sustaining
repetitive make and break type, usually employing electromagnetic
relays.
Electrical Generator or Motor Structure,
subclass 301 for the structure of electric generators or motors
utilizing the thermal or pyromagnetic properties of a solid, and
subclasses 311+ for the structure of electric generators
or motors utilizing the piezoelectric properties of a solid.
Miscellaneous Active Electrical Nonlinear Devices, Circuits, and
Systems, appropriate subclasses for miscellaneous transistor
or electron tube nonlinear circuits.
Inductor Devices,
subclasses 155+ for the structure of inductive regulators with
no relatively moving parts, e.g., saturable
core transformers or inductors.
This subclass is indented under subclass 107. Oscillators in which the active element consists of a device
of electronic conducting, semi-conductive material
utilizing the current amplification properties of the material, which
device has three or more electrodes.
(1)
Note. If an oscillator system involving an active
solid state device or integrated circuit is claimed, nominally
or in detail, then it is properly classified in Class 331, whereas
if an oscillator system is not claimed or a subcombination thereof which
involves an active solid state device is claimed, and is
not elsewhere classifiable, then they are properly classified
in Class 257.
Active Solid-State Devices (e.g., Transistors, Solid-State
Diodes), appropriate subclasses for active solid-state
devices, including field effect or bipolar transistors, per se,
subclasses 6 through 8for Gunn effect oscillators, and subclasses
446 and 499+ for integrated circuit devices with electrically
isolated components.
Miscellaneous Active Electrical Nonlinear Devices, Circuits, and
Systems, appropriate subclasses for miscellaneous transistor
or electron tube nonlinear circuits.
This subclass is indented under subclass 108. Subject matter wherein means are provided for adjusting, controlling
or regulating the amplitude of the generated oscillations.
The oscillation amplitude control means may be manually set or varied
or may be controlled automatically responsive to changes in some
condition, such as the amplitude of the generated oscillations.
for oscillators whose oscillation amplitude may
be controlled by means responsive to some external physical condition (e.g., humidity, pressure, temperature).
Amplifiers,
subclass 290 for linear transistor amplifiers having d.c. feedback
stabilization control means; subclasses 250+ for
linear transistor amplifiers having signal feedback means; and
subclasses 278+ for linear transistor amplifiers having
signal volume level control means.
This subclass is indented under subclass 108. Subject matter wherein the frequency determining element
of the oscillator consists of a feedback network of the balanced
lattice or similar type having two pairs of conjugately related
terminals, one pair of terminals being connected to the
output circuit and the other pair of terminals being connected to
the input circuit of the transistor, the arrangement being such
that regeneration (oscillation) occurs only at
the desired frequency, energy at all other frequencies
being attenuated because of degeneration.
This subclass is indented under subclass 108. Oscillators for generating nonsinusoidol waves which are
cyclic in nature and wherein each cycle consists of a period determined
by the charging time of a capacitor or inductor of the oscillator
followed by a period determined by the discharge time of the capacitor
or inductor through a resistive element of the oscillator.
for relaxation oscillators in general not provided
for in a preceding subclass. See also the search notes appended
to subclass 143 as to further fields of search relating to relaxation oscillators.
Electrical Transmission or Interconnections Systems,
subclasses 401+ for relaxation systems utilizing nonlinear reactors
which systems are not of the free-running type.
Miscellaneous Active Electrical Nonlinear Devices, Circuits, and
Systems, appropriate subclasses for miscellaneous relaxation circuits
and
subclasses 185+ for such circuits which may utilize a stable state
circuit.
This subclass is indented under subclass 111. Oscillators comprising at least one active element of the
transistor type, a closely-coupled transformer
coupling the output circuit of the transistor to the input circuit
in positive feedback relation and a time constant network in the
input circuit of the transistor, the conduction and relaxation
periods of the oscillator being determined by the impedance parameters of
the transformer and time constant network.
This subclass is indented under subclass 111. Oscillators which comprise a symmetrical arrangement of
a two-stage resistance coupled transistor amplifier in
which the output of each stage supplies input to the other stage.
Electrical Transmission or Interconnection Systems,
subclasses 401+ for miscellaneous multivibrators of the nonfree-running
type employing active elements of ferromagnetic or ferroelectric
type.
Miscellaneous Active Electrical Nonlinear Devices, Circuits, and
Systems,
subclasses 185+ for miscellaneous stable state circuits (e.g., bistable
multivibrator).
This subclass is indented under subclass 108. Oscillators wherein at least two transistors of the same
or opposite conductivity type are connected in a symmetrical balanced
circuit arrangement so that their respective input and output signals
are in phase opposition.
This subclass is indented under subclass 108. Oscillators in which the oscillator comprises a two terminal
negative resistance device comprising a transistor connected to
a tuned circuit.
for negative resistance oscillators in general not
provided for in any preceding subclass. See the search
notes appended to this subclass for negative resistance devices
classified in other classes.
This subclass is indented under subclass 108. Subject matter wherein the frequency determining element
of the oscillator is of the electromechanical resonator type.
This subclass is indented under subclass 108. Subject matter wherein the frequency determining element
of the oscillator is of lumped parameter LC type.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Oscillators wherein means consisting of a gaseous space
discharge device is utilized to control a source of energy for exciting
the frequency determining network of the oscillator.
(1)
Note. A gaseous space discharge device is a device
having at least two electrodes in a gas or vapor medium and whereby
a flow of electricity results between the electrodes when the gas
or vapor is ionized.
Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Consumable
Electrodes, appropriate subclasses, for systems wherein
the discharge device is the ultimate load of the system and is of the
consumable electrode type (e.g., arc
lamp).
Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Systems, appropriate subclasses, for systems wherein
the gaseous space discharge device is the ultimate load of the system.
This subclass is indented under subclass 126. Subject matter wherein the gaseous space discharge device
comprises at least two electrodes usually in an unconfined gas or
vapor medium, the discharge therebetween being of the nature of
a sudden disruptive breakdown of the medium (i.e., spark) as
distinguished from an arc, glow or brush discharges, which
discharges are of much longer duration.
Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Consumable
Electrodes, appropriate subclasses, for systems wherein
the discharge device is of the open arc, consumable electrode
type (e.g., arc lamp) and
wherein the device is the ultimate load of the system.
Electric Power Conversion Systems,
subclasses 112+ for electronic tube current conversion systems (D.C.-A.C., A.C.-D.C.) of
the open arc device (e.g., spark
gap) type, and subclasses 166+ for frequency
conversion systems utilizing an open arc device.
This subclass is indented under subclass 126. Subject matter wherein the gaseous space discharge device
is utilized to impulse a resonant circuit of the lumped LC type, which
current is then permitted to oscillate freely at its natural frequency.
This subclass is indented under subclass 126. Oscillators for generating nonsinusoidal waves which are
cyclic in nature and wherein each cycle consists of a period determined
by the charging time of a capacitor or inductor of the oscillator
followed by a period determined by the discharging time of the capacitor
or inductor through a resistor element, the means for controlling
the charge or discharge of the capacitor or inductor being of the
gaseous space discharge type of the oscillator.
Electrical Transmission or Interconnection Systems,
subclasses 401+ for relaxation systems utilizing nonlinear reactors
and which are not of the free-running type.
Miscellaneous Active Electrical Nonlinear Devices, Circuits, and
Systems, appropriate subclasses for miscellaneous relaxation circuits
and
subclasses 185+ for such circuits which may utilize a stable state
circuit.
This subclass is indented under subclass 129. Oscillators wherein the capacitor or inductor charge or
discharge means consists of more than a single gaseous space discharge
device.
This subclass is indented under subclass 129. Oscillators wherein an electron tube or other unilaterally
conducting device is included in the charging circuit or path of
the capacitor or inductor.
NEGATIVE RESISTANCE OR NEGATIVE TRANSCONDUCTANCE OSCILLATOR:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Oscillators wherein the oscillator comprises a two-terminal
negative resistance device connected to a tuned circuit, the
absolute magnitude of the negative resistance being less than the
resonant impedance of the tuned circuit.
(1)
Note. A negative resistance is a two-terminal
device having a volt-ampere characteristic with negative
slope over the range of voltages or currents wherein it is operative, that
is, an increase in voltage results in a decrease in current, or vice
versa. The term "negative resistance" as
employed herein comprehends devices designated as the "negative transconductance" type.
This subclass is indented under subclass 132. Oscillators wherein the negative resistance device relies
on the phenomenon of secondary emission to produce the negative
resistance effect. Usually the negative resistance device is
of the dynatron type wherein the screen grid of a tetrode is biased
more positively than the anode thereof.
This subclass is indented under subclass 132. Oscillators wherein the negative resistance device comprises
a multigrid tube employing a retarding field to produce negative
transconductance between two grids of the tube, which grids
are usually coupled by a capacitor or a bias source.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Oscillators systems comprising a feedback amplifier having
a predetermined phase shift between the input and output voltages thereof, the
feedback path including a passive phase shifting network for providing
a phase shift of such amount to cause the oscillator system to generate
sustained oscillations.
(1)
Note. Oscillator systems in this subclass rely on
achieving proper phase shift between input and output voltages of
the system by a nonresonant passive phase shifting network to produce
oscillations and should be distinguished from those oscillators, classified
elsewhere in this class, whose frequency is determined
by the resonant properties of an LC type resonator.
Wave Transmission Lines and Networks,
subclasses 138+ for delay networks, per se, for
retarding wave energy a predetermined period of time over a range
of frequencies.
This subclass is indented under subclass 135. Oscillators wherein the amplifier and the passive phase
shifting network each have a total phase shift of zero degrees.
This subclass is indented under subclass 135. Oscillators wherein the amplifier and the passive phase
shifting network each have a total phase shift other than zero or
360 degrees, and wherein the passive phase shifting network
is of the ladder-type consisting only of resistive and
capacitive components. Usually the amplifier and the passive
phase shifting network each have a total phase shift of 180 degrees.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Oscillators wherein the frequency determining element of
the oscillator consists of a feedback network of the balanced lattice
or similar type having two pairs of conjugately related terminals, one
pair of terminals being connected to the output circuit and the
other pair of terminals being connected to the input circuit of
the active element of the oscillator, the arrangement being
such that regeneration occurs only at a desired frequency, energy
at all other frequencies being attenuated due to degeneration.
Wave Transmission Lines and Networks,
subclasses 117+ for hybrid networks for connecting two or more circuits
in conjugate relation, subclasses 169+ for wave
filters of the lattice type, and subclasses 170+ for wave
filters of the bridged-T type.
This subclass is indented under subclass 138. Oscillators wherein the feedback network includes a piezoelectric
crystal for determining the generated frequency of the oscillator.
Electrical Generator or Motor Structure,
subclasses 311+ for piezoelectric devices and systems not elsewhere classified, and
note under SEARCH CLASS of Class 310 subclass 311, the extensive
list of classes relating to piezoelectric crystals and systems utilizing
crystals.
This subclass is indented under subclass 138. Oscillators wherein the feedback network includes only capacitance
and resistance elements or inductance and resistance elements for
determining the generated frequency of the oscillator.
This subclass is indented under subclass 140. Oscillators wherein the feedback network lattice comprises
two pure resistance arms and two impedance arms, one impedance
arm including a series-connected capacitor and resistor
and the other impedance arm including a parallel-connected
capacitor and resistor, positive feedback being obtained
through the impedance arms and negative feedback through the pure
resistance arms. These oscillators are generally known
as Wien bridge type.
This subclass is indented under subclass 140. Oscillators wherein the feedback network comprises two T
networks connected in parallel, one T network consisting
of two resistors in series with a capacitor connected to the common
connection of the resistor, the other T network consisting
of two capacitors in series with a resistor connected to the common
connection of the capacitors.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Oscillators for generating nonsinusoidal waves which are
cyclic in nature and wherein each cycle consists of a period determined
by the charging time of a capacitor or inductor followed by a period
determined by the discharging time of the capacitor or inductor
through a resistive element.
(1)
Note. Relaxation oscillators to be classified herein
must be free-running. Nonfree-running
relaxation oscillators are classified in Class 327, Miscellaneous Active
Electrical Nonlinear Devices, Circuits, and Systems.
Electrical Transmission or Interconnection Systems,
subclasses 401+ for nonlinear reactor type and subclass 132 for
free-running electromagnetic circuit maker and breaker
type pulse producers.
Miscellaneous Active Electrical Nonlinear Devices, Circuits, and
Systems, appropriate subclasses for miscellaneous relaxation circuits
and
subclasses 185+ for such circuits which may utilize a stable state
circuit.
This subclass is indented under subclass 143. Subject matter, wherein the relaxation oscillator
comprises at least two discharge paths of the active element type, the
output of each being coupled to the input of the other, at
least one of the couplings including a resistance-capacitance
or resistance-inductance network, the arrangement
being such that the two discharge paths are caused to be actuated
cyclically, the time constant of the network determining
the fundamental frequency of the oscillator.
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