This is the residual class for electrical devices, circuits or
systems having an output not directly proportional to its input
and comprising at least one component which can provide gain or
can route electrical current and which device, circuit
or system does not form a complete system such as is classified
specifically elsewhere or a subcombination of utility only in such
elsewhere classified system.
(1)
Note. The scope of patents classified herein can
be determined only by determining the scope of other related classes
which are listed below under SEARCH CLASS. Also, consult
search notes and definitions of these classes.
(2)
Note. Typical active components are solid-state
components, vacuum tubes, and gas filled tubes.
However, also included would be components broadly claimed
to have active properties, but which are not specifically
limited to a particular embodiment such as a vacuum tube.
MAIN SUBDIVISIONS OF THIS CLASS
A. Specific Signal Discriminating (e.g., Comparing
Or Selecting) Without Subsequent Control
Included here are circuits for the comparison, selection, or
distinguishing of specific characteristics of either an input signal
or signals without continuous regulation of such characteristic.
B. Signal Converting, Shaping, Or
Generating
Included here are circuits wherein: (a)
an inherent input signal parameter such as phase, frequency, amplitude
or current is modified, maintained at some value, or changed
to an entirely different parameter; (b) an
input signal having a particular waveform modified into an output
signal having a partially or a completely different waveform; or (c) an
output signal of specified waveform is produced.
C. Specific Input To Output Function
Included here are circuits wherein an output signal is proportional
to a mathematical expression involving an input signal or signals.
(1)
Note. Characteristically, the input signals are
continuous and slowly varying.
(2)
Note. Circuitry performing Boolean Algebra functions, per
se, are excluded from this class. See References
to Other Classes, below.
(3)
Note. The input signals of this subclass do not
contain information (data). For data processing
see References to Other Classes, below.
D. Gating (i.e., Switching
Input To Output)
Included here are electron tube or solid-state gating
circuits which distribute unmodified input signals to selected outputs.
E. External Effect
Included here are circuits, not elsewhere classified
responsive to or compensating for an ambient nonelectrical condition
such as heat or magnetism.
F. With Particular Control
Included here are circuits where current or power to a broadly
recited device is controlled in response to a control signal.
The control signal may be derived from an external source or from
a feedback structure responsive to the condition of the load.
(1)
Note. Where a specific load device is recited, classification
will be in the particular class providing for the specific load device.
G. Specific Identifiable Device, Circuit, Or System
Included here are circuits having a particular structure, arrangement, or
construction not classifiable elsewhere.
H. Miscellaneous
Included here are systems or circuits not provided for elsewhere.
SECTION II - LINES WITH OTHER CLASSES AND WITHIN THIS CLASS
ACTIVE FILTERS
The filters proper for this class include at least one active
device utilized in producing the transfer function defining the
frequencies that will be passed.
A filter in combination with a specific load will be classified
in the class providing for the load. See References to
Other Classes, below for filtering of data within an electrical
digital calculating computer or analog computer.
The filters within the Specific Identifiable Device, Circuit, Or
System area (see above) are active filters that suppress
an unwanted input signal. See Noise Filters below for
additional noise filter areas within Class 327.
NOISE FILTERS
Limiting, clipping, or clamping circuits
which achieve transient or signal noise reduction by filtering or
otherwise are classified in this class.
Compensation for a noise signal which is a by-product
of switching thereof is found in this class.
Miscellaneous unwanted signal suppression is classified in
this class.
See Subclass References to the Current Class below for these
art areas.
PHASE LOCK LOOP
A nonlinear phase lock loop circuit, per se, is
classified in Class 327. A phase lock loop circuit in
combination with a special art device, is classified with
the special art device. For example, a phase
lock loop claimed in combination with an oscillator is classified
in Class 331, subclasses 172+, a phase
lock loop in combination with a telecommunication system is classified
in Class 455, and a phase lock loop in combination with
a pulse or digital communication system is classified in Class 375, subclasses
111+.
See Subclass References to the Current Class below for a phase
lock loop to synchronize one signal with another for the creation
of a replica signal.
DIGITAL LOGIC
Digital logic, per se, is classified in
Class 326 and this includes, for example, multiple
connections of AND, OR, or NOT gates.
However, combinations of multiple AND or OR gates, etc., which
perform a particular function proper to some other class are classified
in that other class. For example, an AND gate
claimed to be used as a comparator, for example, will
be classified in Class 327, whereas a claimed AND gate, per
se, would be classified in Class 326.
MULTIVIBRATOR
Patents reciting a free running astable multivibrator, per se, are
classified elsewhere. For example, see References
to Other Classes for a relaxation oscillator multivibrator.
Multivibrators having one or more stable states are classified
in Class 327. See Subclass References to the current Class.
Generally, detailed flip-flops, per
se, are in this class, subclasses 185+; however, multifunctional
or programmable logic having a flip-flop is in Class 326, subclasses 37+ and
redundant logic having a flip-flop is in Class 326, subclass
12.
INTEGRATED STRUCTURE
An integrated circuit chip, per se, is classified
in Class 257.
Lead frames, per se, are classified in Class
257 since these are only used to connect an integrated circuit chip externally.
An integrated circuit chip in combination with a single lead, a
battery or bias without any additional circuit configuration, is
classified in Class 257.
An integrated circuit chip in combination with an external
circuit proper for Class 327 will be classified in Class 327 since
Class 327 is higher than Class 257 in the overall class hierarchy.
Circuit interconnections (e.g., point
to point, lead interconnections, diode and transistor
interconnections, etc.) within the confines
of the integrated circuit chip itself are classified in Class 257, whereas
circuit interconnections outside the environment of an integrated
circuit chip are not.
If an integrated circuit is recited with other than a nominal
recitation of a utility, the patent will be classified
in the utility class.
CHARGE COUPLED DEVICES
CCD"s recited as part of the circuitry within an integrated
circuit chip are classified in Class 257.
CCD"s recited with other than a nominal recitation of utility
are classified in the utility class. See References to
Other Classes, below.
POWER SUPPLIES
Power supplies in combination with another art device, classifiable
elsewhere, will be found with the other art device.
Tubes or solid-state device power supplies for a nonlinear
device, circuit, or system, not elsewhere
classified, will remain in this class (327).
A power supply in combination with a load, (i.e., a
single power supply and a single load) without any claim
to a substrate circuit is classified elsewhere. See References
to Other Classes, below.
The power supply patents of this class, subclasses
530+ require a nonlinear device, circuit, or
system as a load or control for the power supply. A claim
to a power supply circuit in combination with a substrate containing
a nonlinear device, circuit, or system is classified
in Class 327.
SYSTEMS WITH SPECIFIC SOURCE OF INPUT ENERGY ONLY IDENTIFIED
BY CHARACTERISTIC
This class does not provide for the subject matter included
herein in combination with a specific type of electromagnetic wave
energy since the broad recitation of the specific source would be
classifiable with the art containing that particular source of energy.
However, this class will take the systems and networks
of the class in combination with a source of wave energy wherein the
energy is expressed only as being composed of a band of frequencies
or a source of pulses, etc., or wherein
the source is recited by name only as a wave energy generator (such
as an oscillator, pulse generator, etc.).
Where the specific details of the source are recited such systems
are classified with the art which provides for systems utilizing
such specific source.
MECHANICAL STRUCTURE
Claims to a specific mechanical structure in combination with
generic circuitry are classified with the mechanical structure.
However, claims to broad mechanical structure in combination
with specific circuitry is classified in this class unless provided
for in a mechanical or electrical class and provided the circuitry is
nonlinear.
MEMORY CIRCUIT
A generic nonlinear circuit claimed with a memory inside the
circuit is classified in this class (327), whereas a
claim to generic circuitry in combination with a memory external
to the circuit would be classified with the memory class.
MONITORING, TEST OR CALIBRATING
The following areas reciting monitoring, testing
or calibrating take precedence over Class 327:
Class 73, subclasses 1.01+ for
instrument proving or calibrating; and subclass 865.9
for testing of apparatus.
Class 324, subclass 601 for calibration, and
subclasses 74+ for testing and calibrating of electric
meters.
Class 342, subclasses 165+ for testing or
calibrating a radar system.
Class 348, subclasses 180+ for television
monitoring or testing.
Class 358, subclass 406 for facsimile measuring or
testing.
Class 374, subclasses 1+ for thermal measuring
and testing.
Class 455, subclass 115 for measuring, testing
or monitoring of a transmitter and subclass 226 for measuring, testing, or
monitoring of a receiver. Only monitoring, testing, or
calibrating, not elsewhere classified, and related
to nonlinear devices, circuits and systems are classified
in Class 327. The following are examples of those found
in Class 327: subclasses 20, 262, 292, 378, 509, and
538.
Class 600, subclass 486 for testing means inserted
in the human body.
Class 702, appropriate subclasses for testing and
measuring which includes a computation.
FUNCTION
Only those nonlinear circuits or systems whose function is
not specifically provided for elsewhere would be classified in this
class (327) subclasses 334+.
SWITCHING
See References to Other Classes, below for examples
of other areas for switching;
CIRCUITS WITH ELECTRON OR OTHER CHARGED PARTICLE BEAM TUBE
Only those nonlinear circuits utilizing electron or other charged
particle beams that are not classifiable in other areas would be
classified in Class 327.
Examples of electron or other charged particle beam tube circuits
classified elsewhere are the cyclotron and CRT circuits of Class
313.
MODULATION OR COMMUNICATION
Nonlinear circuits used in combination with a modulated signal
are classified in the classes containing the communication of information
via a modulated signal.
ELECTRICAL CONTROL OF MACHINES
Electrical control with a broad machine is classified with
the machine, if a class exists for the machine.
Only those electrical control patents, not provided for
in the machine classes, would be classified in Class 327, provided
the circuit is nonlinear.
NEURON CIRCUITS OR NETWORKS
Patents reciting neuron simulator circuitry, per
se, and neural networks are classified elsewhere. See
References to Other Classes below.
FUSIBLE LINK AND INTENTIONAL DESTRUCT CIRCUIT
Miscellaneous circuits of this type are classified in this class (327) subclass
525.
OSCILLATORS
Free running oscillators (including the asynchronous type) are
classified elsewhere. See References to Other Classes
below.
PERSONNEL OR DEVICE PROTECTIVE CIRCUITS
Circuits used to protect personnel from harm, or
protect devices from failure (e.g., overload, power
surge) are excluded from this class. See References
to Other Classes below.
SYSTEMS WITH SPECIFIC LOADS IN THE OUTPUT CIRCUIT
This class does not provide for the subject matter in combination
with a specific load device even though the load device is recited
by name only (as a motor, loud-speaker, etc.).
Such systems are classified in general with the particular art device
constituting the load.
AMPLIFIERS
This class does not include electronic circuits, per
se, wherein a variable electric current or voltage input
signal is applied to an electrical amplifying device to control
a source of electrical energy applied to the same device, and
from which is derived an output signal of substantially the same
waveform as the input signal and substantially linearly related
thereto.
LINEAR DEVICE, CIRCUITS OR SYSTEMS
This class excludes linear resistors, reactive apparatus and
insulators, per se. Although the claimed solid-state device
may be active or passive and have some insulative or reactive properties, it
cannot be classified in this class if the device is generally thought
of as being only an insulator or reactive apparatus such as a capacitor, inductor, transformer, motor, etc.
COUNTERS
See References to Other Classes for electrical pulse counters, pulse
dividers, or shift registers.
PASSIVE FILTERS
See References to Other Classes for filters utilizing lumped
or distributed parameter passive elements.
SPECIAL ART DEVICES
Special art devices are to be classified with the specified device.
GAS TUBE
Circuitry utilizing gas tubes not elsewhere provided for are
included here. See, Subclass References To The Current
Class, below, for an example.
SECTION III - SUBCLASS REFERENCES TO THE CURRENT CLASS
Measuring and Testing, appropriate subclasses for systems and apparatus for making
a measurement or test not provided for in other classes, particularly
subclasses 1.01+ for instrument proving or calibrating, and
subclass 865.9 for testing of apparatus.
Telegraphy, appropriate subclasses for telegraph apparatus and systems, particularly
subclass 43 for space induction systems, and subclasses
66.1+ for alternating or pulsating current telegraph
systems.
Electricity: Circuit Makers and Breakers, appropriate subclasses for electric switches and circuit
breakers and for electrical and mechanical switches.
Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy, appropriate subclasses for apparatus for producing
chemical changes through the agency of electrical wave energy.
Electric Heating,
subclasses 600 through 780for induction, electro-static
or electro-magnetic heating systems and subclass 114 for
welding circuits with space discharge tube control.
Radiant Energy, appropriate subclasses for the detection of nuclear
or electromagnetic radiant energy, the testing of material
by nuclear or electromagnetic radiant energy, the irradiation of
material by nuclear or electromagnetic radiant energy, electron
energy analysis, the deflection or focussing of an ion
or electron beam, and the generation of control of nuclear
or electromagnetic radiant energy.
Active Solid-State Devices (e.g., Transistors, Solid-State
Diodes), appropriate subclasses for particular nonlinear
solid-state devices, per se, also for
an integrated circuit chip, per se, and for lead
frames, per se, since these are only used to
connect an integrated circuit chip externally. An integrated
circuit chip in combination with a single lead, a battery
or bias without any additional circuit configuration is classified
in Class 257.
Electrical Transmission or Interconnection Systems, appropriate subclasses for circuits providing electrical
transmission or interconnection such as those having plural energy sources
or plural loads and class appropriate switching systems, wave
form determinative networks, and circuits responsive to
external effects such as temperature or magnetism.
Electrical Transmission or Interconnection Systems,
subclasses 326+ for circuits used to protect personnel from harm, or
protect devices from failure (e.g., overload, power
surge). (See "Personnel Or
Device Protective Circuits" above)
Electrical Generator or Motor Structure, appropriate subclasses for the physical structure of electric
generators and motors and electromagnetic clutches and for the circuits
that relate to electromagnetic clutches, and particularly
subclasses 314+ for piezoelectric devices in combination with tube
structure where the significant structure claimed is that of the
crystal, and the tube structure or circuitry is only incidentally
claimed.
Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices:
Consumable Electrodes, appropriate subclasses for electric lamp and discharge
devices of the arc discharge type which may be combined with an electron
space discharge tube.
Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices:
Systems, appropriate subclasses for circuits in combination with
charged particle beam tubes, cathode-ray tubes
or electric lamp and space discharge devices, particularly
subclasses 8.51+ for pulse storage systems utilizing cathode-ray
tubes, and subclasses 84.51+ for pulse storing
systems comprised exclusively of gaseous discharge tubes.
Electricity: Battery or Capacitor Charging
or Discharging, appropriate subclass for a battery or capacitor
charging or discharging application that employs a space-discharge
device.
Electricity: Power Supply or Regulation
Systems, for a power supply in combination with a load, (i.e., a
single power supply and a single load) without any claim
to a substrate circuit (See "Power Supplies" above).
Electronic Digital Logic Circuitry, for circuitry for performing Boolean Algebra functions, per se. (See
Class Definition, "Specific Input To Output Function" above)
Amplifiers, appropriate subclasses for electron space discharge tube
apparatus combined with circuitry to form an amplifier system and
subclasses 250+ for semiconductor amplifiers.
Oscillators, appropriate subclasses for electron space discharge tube
or solid-state apparatus combined with tuned circuit apparatus
forming an oscillatory system of the self-sustaining type, an
asynchronous oscillator, per se, or in combination
with other circuitry or an oscillator combined with a phase lock
loop without any intelligence claimed;
subclasses 8+ for transistorized automatic frequency control
for oscillators; and subclasses 108+ for solid-state oscillators.
Wave Transmission Lines and Networks,
subclass 19 for passive element wave differentiating or integrating
systems, subclasses 24+ for passive filters, and
subclass 20 for wave shaping networks of the passive element type;
subclasses 167+, 186+, and 202+ for
filters utilizing lumped or distributed parameter passive elements.
Communications: Electrical,
subclasses 12.1 through 12.55for pulse responsive selective systems, particularly
subclass 12.2 for pulse responsive counting chains which
may employ an electron space discharge device; subclass 15.1
for electron beam-type selective or remote control systems; subclass
146.2 for digital comparator systems; and subclasses
870.01-870.44 for telemetering systems. (Also
see "Charge Coupled Devices" above.)
Coded Data Generation or Conversion,
subclasses 50+ for code converters and subclasses 20+, 186, and
191 for a pulse transmitter or generator having a space discharge
device.
Communications: Directive Radio Wave
Systems and Devices (e.g., radar, Radio
Navigation), appropriate subclasses for systems for object detection
and utilizing pulse radio wave forms and
subclass 165 for testing or calibrating a radar system.
Optics: Measuring and Testing,
subclasses 3+ for systems using light for distance finding and subclasses
26+ for light systems for the determination of velocity.
Electricity: Electrical Systems and
Devices,
subclasses 1+ for safety and protection of systems and devices, subclasses
100+ for current fault sensor with semiconductor circuit
interrupter, subclasses 139+ for control circuits
for electromagnetic devices, and subclasses 196+ for
control circuits for electromagnetic devices with time delay including
a semiconductor device.
Electricity: Electrical Systems and Devices,
subclasses 1+ for circuits used to protect personnel from harm, or
protect devices from failure (e.g., overload, power
surge). (See "Personnel Or
Device Protective Circuits" above)
Electric Power Conversion Systems, appropriate subclasses for circuits utilized in electric conversion
systems where a single electrical source is connected to a single
electrical load and particularly
subclasses 94 , 99, 111+, 151, and
166 for systems whereby a current or voltage of one characteristic
is converted to a current or voltage of another characteristic and utilizing
electron space discharge devices.
Static Information Storage and Retrieval,
subclasses 73+ for recirculation of information in a storage
read/write system, subclass 78 for plural shift
register memory devices, subclasses 80+ for magnetic
shift register, per se, subclasses 129+ for
storage systems using a particular storage element, subclass
189.011 for read/write circuits peculiar to
a storage and retrieval system, and subclasses 230.01+ for
addressing circuits peculiar to a storage and retrieval system. (Also
see "Charge Coupled Devices" above).
Electrical Pulse Counters, Pulse Dividers, or Shift
Registers: Circuits and Systems, appropriate subclasses for electrical pulse counters, dividers, and
shift registers and particularly
subclasses 57+ for charge coupled devices used as a counter, pulse
divider, or shift register. (Also see "Charge
Coupled Devices" above)
Electrical Audio Signal Processing Systems and
Devices,
subclasses 94.1+ for noise suppressing audio circuitry and subclass
111 for circuitry combined with a specific type of microphone or
loudspeaker.
Photography, appropriate subclasses for apparatus producing pictures
on light sensitive material which may utilize electronic devices. (Also
see "Charge Coupled Devices" above).
Electric Lamp or Space Discharge Component or
Device Manufacturing, appropriate subclasses for circuits utilized in
the manufacture or repair of electric lamp or electric space discharge
devices.
Data Processing: Intelligent Processing
Systems and Methods,
subclasses 15+ for neural circuits and networks. (See "Neuron
Circuits Or Networks" above).
Electrical Computers: Arithmetic Processing and
Calculating,
subclasses 300+ for digital filters unique to digital computing ,
subclass 540 for the performance of arithmetic operations by a CRT,
subclass 819 for analog filters which are unique to analog computing, and
subclass 849 for analog function generation which utilizes a CRT. (See
"Active Filters", above.)
SPECIFIC SIGNAL DISCRIMINATING (E.G., COMPARING, SELECTING,
ETC.) WITHOUT SUBSEQUENT CONTROL:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter wherein an output signal is derived from
one or more input signals by comparing, selecting, or distinguishing
a particular input signal parameter and which parameter is not continuously
thereafter regulated.
Radiant Energy,
subclass 250 for wave meters, subclasses 281+ for systems
adapted for ionic separation or analysis and comprising phase or
frequency determining devices.
Electricity: Measuring and Testing,
subclasses 76.39+ for frequency measuring or testing of electricity
and subclasses 76.77+ for phase comparison systems for
measuring or testing electricity and involving plural inputs.
Communications: Electrical,
subclasses 3.1 through 3.9,315, and 870.18-870.24 for electrical circuits whereby
an indication or signal is transmitted to a distant point and which
signal is indicative of an electrical condition which may comprise phase
or frequency difference; and subclass 146.2 for digital comparator systems.
Error Detection/Correction and Fault Detection/Recovery, appropriate subclasses for error detection or correction
of information content of a digital signal.
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter wherein the discriminated input signal parameter
is that fractional part of a periodic waveform which has elapsed
relative to a fixed origin.
(1)
Note. If the time for one signal period is represented as
360 degrees along a time axis, the phase position is called the phase
angle.
Oscillators,
subclasses 1+ for systems for stabilizing the frequency of an
oscillator utilizing phase or frequency comparison devices, and
subclasses 37+ for systems wherein two or more frequencies
are combined to produce a beat frequency.
This subclass is indented under subclass 2. Subject matter wherein the output signal is indicative of
the phase positioning or phase differences among two or more input
signals.
(1)
Note. Detectors producing an output which is a result of
demodulation of a carrier having previously been modulated by an
intelligence waveform which varies arbitrarily will not be classified here.
See SEARCH CLASS below.
Demodulators,
subclasses 345+ for circuits producing an output which is a result
of demodulation of a carrier having previously been phase modulated
by an intelligence waveform.
This subclass is indented under subclass 3. Subject matter wherein a device is included that converts
energy forms other than electrical into electrical energy.
(1)
Note. The other energy forms may be mechanical, thermal,
hydraulic, or chemical, etc.
This subclass is indented under subclass 3. Subject matter including a vacuum tube device or a gaseous
medium within a gas tight envelope in which electron conduction
takes place through the vacuum or gas.
This subclass is indented under subclass 7. Subject matter wherein the reference signal varies over
a range of different frequencies or the reference signal is compared
to different frequency signals.
This subclass is indented under subclass 7. Subject matter wherein a reference signal is derived by
representation of an input signal at intermittently timed intervals.
This subclass is indented under subclass 7. Subject matter wherein an electromagnetic induction device
transfers electrical energy from one circuit to another adjacent
circuit at a constant frequency.
(1)
Note. A transformer changes voltage in direct proportion
to the ratio of the number of turns of its primary and secondary windings.
Subject matter under 3 wherein the phase comparison (a)
includes a device performing Boolean functions such as AND, OR,
or exclusive-OR or (b) utilizes a device having two stable states.
(1)
Note. The combination of logic with specific phase comparison
circuitry or function, not elsewhere classified is classified here.
Electronic Digital Logic Circuitry,
subclasses 93+ for clocking or synchronizing of one or more logic
stages and appropriate subclasses for general digital logic circuitry
not classified elsewhere.
Telecommunications,
subclasses 296+ for static or noise elimination in radio receivers
which may depend upon the slope or shape of the pulse present in
the input signal applied to the receiver.
This subclass is indented under subclass 13. Subject matter wherein the predetermined geometric configuration
is signal rate of change.
(1)
Note. The rate of change may be determined by digital means
(such as counters) or analog means (such as slope detection using
a charging capacitor).
This subclass is indented under subclass 13. Subject matter wherein a signal of predetermined shape acts
as a constant for comparison to a variable input.
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter wherein an output signal is indicative of
an unexpected occurrence or lack of occurrence of a pulse in either
a clocking signal or a predetermined sequence of pulses.
This subclass is indented under subclass 18. Subject matter wherein a particular pulse among plural pulses
input during a particular time interval is selected based upon a
predetermined priority arrangement.
This subclass is indented under subclass 18. Subject matter wherein the detection of an undesired absent
or present pulse produces an output signal which indicates a failure.
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter wherein an output signal is produced when
two or more input pulses are not received simultaneously.
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter wherein an output signal is produced when
two or more input pulse signals occur simultaneously.
This subclass is indented under subclass 23. Subject matter wherein a beginning or trailing end of a
pulse is determined to occur simultaneously with a corresponding
beginning or trailing end of another pulse.
This subclass is indented under subclass 23. Subject matter wherein an output signal is produced when
two or more input pulse signals having the same time interval between
consecutive pulses occur simultaneously.
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter wherein the input signal parameter is its
positive or negative orientation with respect to a fixed origin.
This subclass is indented under subclass 28. Subject matter wherein an output signal results from comparing
pulses which have or are expected to have differing polarities.
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter wherein the input signal parameter is (a) a
time interval between a leading edge and a trailing edge of a single
pulse or (b) a time interval between a trailing
edge and a leading edge of two consecutive pulses.
This subclass is indented under subclass 31. Subject matter including a resonant circuit which oscillates
at its natural frequency upon application of an electrical impulse.
Tuners, appropriate subclasses for tuned networks for use
in wave energy apparatus and comprising inductance and capacitance
elements in circuit arrangement to form a resonant circuit and in
which structure is provided for adjusting one or both of these elements
for changing the mean resonant frequency of the circuit.
This subclass is indented under subclass 31. Subject matter wherein the output signal does not include
portions of the input signal having a pulse width shorter than a
predetermined time interval.
(1)
Note. Narrow or short pulse (spurious) duration
in a system may be noise, which is unwanted disturbances
superimposed upon a useful signal and which tends to obscure its
information content.
This subclass is indented under subclass 31. Subject matter wherein (a) an input pulse
signal is divided between long and short pulses contained therein
or (b) a space is inserted between the trailing
edge of a pulse and the leading edge of the next pulse or (c) a
spacing between pulses is detected.
This subclass is indented under subclass 31. Subject matter wherein the output signal is indicative of
the pulse width difference between an input pulse signal and a set
value or predetermined standard.
This subclass is indented under subclass 31. Subject matter wherein an input signal passes through more
than one route or channel between an input terminal and an output
terminal.
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter wherein the discriminated signal parameter
relates to the number of times a signal repeats its basic waveform
within a unit of time.
Electricity: Measuring and Testing,
subclasses 76.19+ for a frequency spectrum analyzer and subclasses 76.39+ for
measuring and testing of the frequency of cyclic current or voltage.
Oscillators,
subclasses 1+ for systems for stabilizing the frequency of an
oscillator utilizing phase or frequency comparison devices and subclasses
37+ for systems wherein two or more frequencies are combined
to produce a beat frequency.
This subclass is indented under subclass 39. Subject matter wherein the output signal is a function of
the differences among two or more input signal frequencies.
(1)
Note. Systems wherein the claimed subject matter
includes apparatus which responds only when a noninformation bearing
input signal is in synchronism with a control signal locally generated (synchronous
detectors) and which are not claimed as an integral part
of a more comprehensive system will be classified herein.
Detectors producing an output which is a result of demodulation
of a carrier having previously been modulated by an intelligence
waveform which varies arbitrarily will not be classified here.
See SEARCH CLASS, below.
Demodulators, appropriate subclasses for a circuit having an output which
is a result of demodulation of a carrier having previously been
frequency modulated by an intelligence waveform.
Telecommunications,
subclasses 130+ , for mixers or converters utilized in
a superheterodyne receiver (commonly referred to as a first
detector), and subclasses 313+ for combining
frequencies in a receiver to produce a beat frequency.
This subclass is indented under subclass 40. Subject matter wherein the output signal provides an indication
of the maintenance of precise matching between two or more input signal
frequencies.
This subclass is indented under subclass 40. Subject matter wherein a signal of constant frequency acts
as a standard for comparison to a variable input signal.
This subclass is indented under subclass 40. Subject matter wherein the frequency comparison of plural
signals (a) includes a device performing Boolean
functions such as AND, OR, or exclusive-OR
or (b) utilizes a device having two stable states.
(1)
Note. The combination of logic with specific frequency
comparison circuitry or function, not elsewhere classified
is classified here.
Electronic Digital Logic Circuitry,
subclasses 93+ for clocking or synchronizing of one or more logic
stages and appropriate subclasses for general digital logic circuitry
not classified elsewhere.
This subclass is indented under subclass 39. Subject matter wherein the output signal consists of a chosen
input signal having a specific frequency characteristic.
This subclass is indented under subclass 44. Subject matter wherein (a) the predetermined signal
frequency selected is derived by representation of another known
signal frequency at intermittent time intervals or (b) wherein
a signal of fixed frequency is utilized in the frequency selection.
Electrical Computers: Arithmetic Processing
and Calculating,
subclasses 311+ for frequency detection/filtering using
an electrical digital calculating computer.
This subclass is indented under subclass 47. Subject matter wherein the output signal is incremented
or decremented at a predetermined interval thereby forming a variable
duty cycle according to the changes in the input frequency signal.
(1)
Note. A counter is a device capable of changing
between a sequence of distinguishable states upon each receipt of
an input signal.
This subclass is indented under subclass 47. Subject matter wherein the frequency detection (a) includes
a device performing Boolean functions such as AND, OR, or
exclusive-OR or (b) utilizes a device
having two stable states.
(1)
Note. The combination of logic with specific frequency
detection circuitry or function, not elsewhere classified, is classified
here.
Electronic Digital Logic Circuitry,
subclasses 93+ for clocking or synchronizing of one or more logic
stages and appropriate subclasses for general digital logic circuitry
not classified elsewhere.
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter wherein the discriminated input signal parameter
is the magnitude of an electrical energy waveform measured with
respect to a fixed origin.
This subclass is indented under subclass 50. Subject matter wherein low-level voltages (e.g., CCD
charges, capacitive stored signal levels, etc.) are
detected and increased in magnitude from one level to another.
(1)
Note. The voltage amplitude or storage charge levels
detected in this subclass include the type of levels found in storage
memory cells of an array; however, the static
storage and retrieval of information coupled with the functions
of "write", "read-out", "erase", etc., wherein
voltage amplitude is sensed, is classified elsewhere. See
the Search Note below.
(2)
Note. Differential comparator type sensing amplifiers
including regenerative sensing arrangements (e.g., bistable
flip-flops) are classified in this subclass.
Static Information Storage and Retrieval,
subclasses 207 through 210.15for the static storage and retrieval of information
coupled with the functions of "write", "read-out", "erase", etc., wherein
voltage amplitude is sensed.
This subclass is indented under subclass 51. Subject matter including a device responsive to the offset
between two input voltages or currents and nonresponsive to voltages
or currents which are identical in the two inputs.
This subclass is indented under subclass 52. Subject matter wherein the sensing amplifier circuit utilizes
collector current matching of two transistors when connected base
to base and emitter to emitter.
This subclass is indented under subclass 54. Subject matter wherein there are two elements or stages
which are mutually interconnected (i.e., the
output of one is connected to the input of the other and vice versa).
This subclass is indented under subclass 52. Subject matter wherein a signal of fixed voltage potential
acts as a constant for comparison to a variable input.
(1)
Note. The reference signal is usually an input signal
or produced from an input signal.
This subclass is indented under subclass 50. Subject matter wherein an output signal is caused by either
a greatest absolute magnitude or a least absolute magnitude of an
input signal during a time period of interest.
(1)
Note. This subclass does not include comparison
to a fixed reference or threshold.
This subclass is indented under subclass 58. Subject matter wherein a signal from an external source
is evaluated relative to a voltage or current obtained by processing
signals from the same source.
(1)
Note. For this subclass either the processing or
means therefor should be claimed.
This subclass is indented under subclass 58. Subject matter wherein maximum or minimum amplitude discriminating
is achieved by an electrical energy storage element combined with
an element providing unidirectional current flow.
This subclass is indented under subclass 58. Subject matter wherein an output signal is caused by both
the greatest absolute magnitude and least absolute magnitude of
an input signal during a time period of interest.
This subclass is indented under subclass 50. Subject matter wherein fluctuating input signals from two
or more sources external to a system are evaluated relative to one
another.
This subclass is indented under subclass 63. Subject matter wherein the comparison by amplitude (a) includes
a device performing Boolean functions such as AND, OR, or
exclusive-OR or (b) utilizes a device
having two stable states.
(1)
Note. The combination of logic with specific amplitude
comparison circuitry or function, not elsewhere classified
is classified here.
Electronic Digital Logic Circuitry,
subclasses 93+ for clocking or synchronizing of one or more logic
stages and appropriate subclasses for general digital logic circuitry
not classified elsewhere.
This subclass is indented under subclass 63. Subject matter wherein the differences between the plural
varying input signals are initially amplified prior to further processing.
This subclass is indented under subclass 65. Subject matter wherein the comparison between plural varying
inputs utilizes collector current matching of two transistors when
connected base to base and emitter to emitter.
This subclass is indented under subclass 63. Subject matter wherein at least one of the fluctuating inputs
provides a changing signal to be used only as an evaluation standard.
This subclass is indented under subclass 63. Subject matter wherein an input signal passes through more
than one route or channel between an input terminal and an output
terminal.
This subclass is indented under subclass 50. Subject matter wherein a signal from an external source
is evaluated relative to a voltage or current obtained by processing
signals from the same source.
(1)
Note. For classification herein, either the
processing or means therefor should be recited.
This subclass is indented under subclass 72. Subject matter wherein the processing includes extracting
a signal from an output terminal of the circuit and applying a portion
of the extracted signal to an input terminal.
This subclass is indented under subclass 50. Subject matter wherein input signal amplitude is evaluated
relative to two or more unvarying voltage or current levels.
This subclass is indented under subclass 74. Subject matter wherein the comparison by amplitude between
the input signal and plural fixed references (a) includes
a device performing Boolean functions such as AND, OR, or exclusive-OR
or (b) utilizes a device having two stable states.
Electronic Digital Logic Circuitry, for general digital logic circuitry not classified elsewhere
and particularly
subclasses 93+ for clocking or synchronizing of one or more logic
stages.
This subclass is indented under subclass 50. Subject matter wherein the input signal is evaluated relative
to a standard which is at a constant level of amplitude.
This subclass is indented under subclass 77. Subject matter wherein an output signal is produced when
an input signal actually transits the reference amplitude of a comparison
standard.
(1)
Note. The approach of the input signal to the reference
level may be from either a positive or a negative direction.
This subclass is indented under subclass 77. Subject matter wherein the amplitude of the comparison standard
is established by one electrical component.
This subclass is indented under subclass 80. Subject matter wherein the single electrical component is
a three terminal semiconductor device composed of n or p type material.
This subclass is indented under subclass 77. Subject matter wherein an increase or decrease in thermal
sensitivity of a system is cancelled or reduced by the effects of
a counterbalancing element in the system.
(1)
Note. A counterbalancing element may be, for
example, a resistor, capacitor, or inductor.
This subclass is indented under subclass 77. Subject matter including four or more devices with their
input and output terminals connected in a closed loop to form a
four arm network.
(1)
Note. Another arm, called the diagonal arm, may
be connected between an input terminal and an output terminal.
This subclass is indented under subclass 77. Subject matter wherein an electromagnetic induction device
transfers electrical energy between adjacent circuit portions at
a constant frequency.
(1)
Note. A transformer changes voltage in direct proportion
to the ratio of the number of turns of its primary and secondary windings.
This subclass is indented under subclass 77. Subject matter wherein a device which supplies signal power
at a constant voltage or current level is used as a standard for
comparison.
This subclass is indented under subclass 77. Subject matter including a device responsive to the offset
between two input voltages or currents and nonresponsive to voltages
or currents which are identical in the two inputs.
This subclass is indented under subclass 50. Subject matter wherein the output signal is representative
of the amplitude difference between two consecutive or selected
points of the input signal.
This subclass is indented under subclass 50. Subject matter wherein a representation of an input signal
magnitude at a particular point in time is produced or an established
input signal magnitude value is maintained.
This subclass is indented under subclass 91. Subject matter including four or more devices with their
input and output terminals connected in a closed loop to form a
four arm network.
(1)
Note. Another arm, called the diagonal arm, may
connect an input terminal and an output terminal.
This subclass is indented under subclass 91. Subject matter including a device which supplies signal
power to a sample or hold circuit at a constant voltage or current
level.
This subclass is indented under subclass 91. Subject matter wherein a representation of an input signal
magnitude at a particular point in time is produced and subsequently
maintained for a time in a storage element.
This subclass is indented under subclass 94. Subject matter including a device responsive to the offset
between two input voltages or currents and nonresponsive to voltages
or currents which are identical in the two inputs.
This subclass is indented under subclass 50. Subject matter wherein the comparison by amplitude (a) includes
a device performing Boolean functions such as AND, OR, or
exclusive-OR, or (b) utilizes
a device having two stable states.
(1)
Note. The combination of logic with specific amplitude
comparison circuitry or function, not elsewhere classified
is classified here.
Electronic Digital Logic Circuitry,
subclasses 93+ for clocking or synchronizing of one or more logic
stages and appropriate subclasses for general digital logic circuitry
not classified elsewhere.
Electricity: Measuring and Testing,
subclasses 332+ for geophysical exploration systems utilizing radiant energy
with separate detector means whereby signal components are selected
or suppressed and subclasses 76.12+ for measuring
systems which analyze complex electric waves.
Wave Transmission Lines and Networks, appropriate subclasses for passive type wave selecting
systems, particularly
subclasses 167+ for wave filters, per se.
Television,
subclass 506 for burst separation circuitry, subclasses
525+ for separating the synchronizing components from a
composite signal wave, and subclasses 638+ for
color signal deriving circuitry.
Data Processing: Speech Signal Processing, Linguistics, Language
Translation, and Audio Compression/Decompression,
subclass 200 for systems for analyzing complex speech waves (e.g., where
the fundamental pitch frequency of the human voice is determined).
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Systems wherein the output signal is one of a plurality
of simultaneously applied input signal waveforms selected in accordance
with a predetermined characteristic, the nonselected waveforms
being attenuated or otherwise suppressed in such a manner that only
the desired signal waveform appears at the output.
Oscillators,
subclass 76 for systems comprising an oscillator combined with
a harmonic selection network and subclass 77 for oscillators with
a wave selecting output filter.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter wherein (a) an inherent input
signal parameter such as phase, frequency, amplitude, or
current is modified, maintained at some value, or
changed to an entirely different parameter, (b) an
input signal having a particular waveform is modified into an output
signal having a partially or completely different waveform, or (c) an
output signal of specified waveform is produced.
(1)
Note. An example of the second type above would
be sine wave to triangular wave modification.
(2)
Note. This subclass and indented subclasses do not
include single energy systems for conversion wherein a single electrical
source circuit is coupled to a single electrical load circuit and
which involves current, phase or frequency conversion, and
wherein the energy in the load is supplied solely by the source. Such
systems in general are classified in Class 363, Electric
Power Conversion Systems, appropriate subclasses.
See References to Other Classes in Class 363 for other classes providing
for conversion systems.
(3)
Note. Excluded from this subclass and indented subclasses
are free running signal generators which are classified, for example, in
Class 331.
(4)
Note. Bias circuits of the pulsing type which establish
device operating points are classified below with the bias circuits.
Surgery,
subclass 2.06 for electrocardiographs involving timing and subclasses
303.13+ for instruments for application of electricity
to the human body involving timing.
Electrical Transmission or Interconnection Systems,
subclasses 401+ for nonlinear reactor systems (e.g., saturable) and
subclasses 106+ for a class appropriate wave shape determinative
or pulse producing system. See also appropriate subclasses
for plural source or load voltage magnitude and phase control.
Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices:
Systems,
subclasses 364+ for cathode ray deflecting circuits involving timing
and subclasses 209+ for systems involving a periodic switch
in the supply circuit of a gaseous discharge tube.
Electricity: Motive Power Systems,
subclass 445 for systems of automatically starting and/or
stopping a motor with timing, subclasses 606+ for
electric motor position servomechanisms with phase or frequency
control, and subclass 683 for particular phase detectors
used in such a servomechanism.
Electricity: Single Generator Systems,
subclasses 17+ , especially indented subclass 18 for systems involving
time delay means in the control of a generator or driving.
Electricity: Power Supply or Regulation
Systems,
subclasses 212+ for power supply phase control comprising an electron
tube and wherein, in general, the tube does not
act as an active element.
Electricity: Measuring and Testing,
subclasses 83+ for phase indicators, subclasses 78+, particularly
subclass 82 for measuring or testing the frequency of cyclic current
or voltage by phase comparison, and subclasses 160+ for
systems for measuring time or speed.
Oscillators,
subclasses 37+ for systems including an oscillator or oscillators
generating at least two different frequencies with a signal combining device (e.g., mixer, modulator, etc.) having
a signal input circuit and a signal output circuit where the oscillator or
oscillators are connected to the signal input circuit of the combining device
and the device output comprises the sum or difference frequency of
the outputs of the oscillator or oscillators.
Modulators, appropriate subclasses for systems including beating
a source of carrier frequency with a signal wave which varies arbitrarily
in a continuous manner in accordance with some intelligence.
Wave Transmission Lines and Networks,
subclasses 18 , 23, and 138+ for delay
networks comprising passive elements and subclasses 138+. See (1) Note, above.
Communications: Electrical,
subclass 870.24 for telemetering systems receiving information
by pulse trains with length or spacing varied with respect to time.
Coded Data Generation or Conversion,
subclasses 50+ for systems converting an input consisting of a
coded arrangement representing a particular group of values to an
output consisting of another coded arrangement.
Electric Power Conversion Systems, appropriate subclasses for single energy conversion
systems wherein a single electrical source circuit is coupled to
a single electrical load circuit. See (2) Note, above.
This subclass is indented under subclass 100. Subject matter wherein a repetition rate of an output signal
is directly related to the magnitude of an input signal current
or voltage.
This subclass is indented under subclass 100. Subject matter wherein the magnitude of output signal current
or voltage is directly related to the repetition rate of the input
signal.
(1)
Note. Included here are devices wherein an input
signal of varying frequency is changed into a direct current output
voltage which is a function of the input frequency.
(2)
Note. Since period is inversely related to frequency, input
period conversion to output current or voltage is also included here.
This subclass is indented under subclass 100. Subject matter wherein electrical potential is changed to
an equivalent electrical charge flow or vice versa.
Electric Power Conversion Systems,
subclass 73 for power conversion systems between a constant
current and a constant voltage or vice versa wherein a single source
is connected to a single load.
This subclass is indented under subclass 100. Subject matter wherein an alternating current input signal
wave is converted to an unloaded output wave consisting of a unidirectional
representation of the half cycles of an input wave.
(1)
Note. The conversion systems in this subclass do
not include claimed subject matter such as would define demodulators, detectors, or
rectifier systems classified elsewhere with specific art devices.
Telegraphy, appropriate subclasses for pulse producing (e.g., by
rectification of AC signals, etc.) in
combination with telegraph systems. In Class 178, the
pulses are usually representative of a telegraph code.
subclasses 118+ relate to telegraph receivers which may include
signal rectifiers.
Railway Switches and Signals, appropriate subclasses for railway signaling systems
which may include signal rectifying or other conversion systems as
subcombinations thereof.
Electrical Transmission or Interconnection Systems,
subclass 6 for systems having series connected converters
of different voltages, subclass 45 for plural supply circuits
with intervening converter, subclass 58 for load current
dividing circuits utilizing plural converters, subclass
82 for plural converter systems, subclasses 401+ for
nonlinear reactor systems, and subclass 107 for wave form
or wave shape determining systems with wave rectification.
Electricity: Battery or Capacitor Charging
or Discharging, appropriate subclass for charging or discharging
a capacitor or battery where a rectifier is employed, particularly
Digest 31.
Demodulators, for demodulating systems using rectification designed
to change a signal modulated wave so as to produce in the output
circuit a pulsating direct current representative of the signal.
Communications: Radio Wave Antennas, appropriate subclasses for signaling systems including
radar and directive radio systems which may include demodulating
type conversion systems as subcombinations thereof.
Electric Power Conversion Systems,
subclasses 13+ for rectification and derectification involving
a single source coupled to a single load in a power conversion system.
See the class definition and search notes as to lines with other
classes and further fields of search for rectifying systems.
Pulse or Digital Communications, appropriate subclasses and particularly
subclasses 37+ for pulse communication systems using alternating or
pulsating currents.
Telephonic Communications, appropriate subclasses for pulse producing systems
with signal rectifying or other converting for use in telephone
call transmitter systems.
This subclass is indented under subclass 100. Subject matter wherein an output waveform is derived which
at any instant is proportional to the combined values of the corresponding instantaneous
values of a plurality of input signal waveforms.
Electricity: Measuring and Testing,
subclass 77 for systems for analyzing complex electric waves
and subclass 140 for measuring and testing circuits which combine
plural inputs.
This subclass is indented under subclass 100. Subject matter wherein an input signal is modified into
a similar output signal having an enhanced current supplying ability.
(1)
Note. Current driving of the type associated with
electronic digital logic circuitry is classified in Class 326.
Electrical Transmission or Interconnection Systems,
subclasses 401+ and particularly subclass 412 for similar subject
matter where a nonlinear reactive element (e.g., magnetic
core) is claimed as forming part of the operative combination
of the invention.
This subclass is indented under subclass 108. Subject matter wherein the output drive current is provided
to a broadly recited element which has the property of opposing
current flow therethrough due to a resultant magnetic field.
This subclass is indented under subclass 108. Subject matter wherein the output drive current is provided
to a broadly recited element which has the property of opposing
voltage change due to stored charge.
This subclass is indented under subclass 111. Subject matter wherein an output circuit comprises two parallel
identical portions each receiving signals which are the same except
for a relative 180 degree phase offset.
This subclass is indented under subclass 100. Subject matter wherein a frequency characteristic of an
input signal is modified to produce an output wave of different
frequency characteristic which has a definite relationship to that of
the input wave or where a frequency characteristic is held essentially
constant.
Music,
subclasses 600+ for apparatus for generating or modifying electric currents
or potentials to produce varying electric currents or potentials
in combination with or intended for use with structure for converting
the varying electric currents or potentials into musical tones.
Oscillators,
subclasses 37+ for beat frequency oscillator systems and subclass
76 for systems including an oscillator combined with a harmonic producing
or selecting network in the output. To be classified in
Class 331 the oscillator must be the signal source and must be capable
of self sustained oscillation.
Modulators,
subclasses 117+ or 144+ for systems wherein a first source
is modified in frequency or phase by mixing with an arbitrarily
varying control source.
Communications: Electrical, particularly
subclasses 870.01+ for telemetering systems and especially subclasses
870.18+ providing for frequency or phase modulation
systems.
Communications: Radio Wave Antennas, appropriate subclasses for systems involving object
detection by reflected pulses which may utilize phase or frequency
modulation.
Electric Power Conversion Systems,
subclasses 157+ for frequency conversion systems wherein a single
electrical source is coupled to a single electrical load in a power
conversion system.
This subclass is indented under subclass 113. Subject matter including maintaining constant or varying
the repetition rate of a continuous series of pulses having negligible
transition times and available at a specific circuit location for
subsequent utilization.
Music,
subclasses 600+ for apparatus for generating or modifying electric currents
or potentials to produce varying electric currents or potentials
in combination with or intended for use in converting the varying
electric currents or potentials into musical tones.
Oscillators,
subclasses 37+ for beat frequency oscillator systems and subclass
76 for systems including an oscillator combined with a harmonic producing
or selecting network in the output. (To be classified
in Class 331 the oscillator must be the signal source and must be
capable of self sustained oscillation).
Modulators, appropriate subclasses for systems wherein a first
source of one frequency is modified in frequency or phase by mixing
with an arbitrarily varying control source of another frequency
or frequencies.
Communications: Electrical, appropriate subclasses for systems whereby information
is conveyed from one point to another by pulses arranged in a particular
sequence or whose height or duration are varied to represent the particular
information to be conveyed, particularly
subclasses 870.01+ for telemetering systems, and subclasses 870.18+
for such systems providing frequency or phase modulation.
This subclass is indented under subclass 114. Subject matter wherein the repetition rate of the output
pulses is less than the frequency of the input signal.
Electrical Pulse Counters, Pulse Dividers, or
Shift Registers: Circuits and Systems, appropriate subclasses for analogous circuits which
may utilize shift registers or other class appropriate devices.
This subclass is indented under subclass 114. wherein the repetition rate of the output pulses is greater
than the frequency of the input signal.
(1)
Note. Miscellaneous frequency mixing which produces
sum or difference frequencies of two input frequencies is classified
in subclass 113. Rectangular or pulse waveform frequency
mixing is classified in subclass 114.
Electrical Pulse Counters, Pulse Dividers, or
Shift Registers: Circuits and Systems, appropriate subclasses for analogous circuits which
may utilize shift registers or other class appropriate devices.
This subclass is indented under subclass 113. Subject matter wherein an input signal having a first frequency
is transformed into an output signal having a second lower frequency
where the output frequency is a submultiple of the input frequency.
(1)
Note. Included as submultiples are fractions such
as two-thirds.
Music,
subclasses 600+ for apparatus for generating or modifying electric currents
or potentials to produce varying electric currents or potentials
in combination with or intended for use with structure for converting
the varying electric currents or potentials into musical tones.
Electric Power Conversion Systems,
subclasses 157+ for frequency conversion systems of a single electrical source
coupled to a single electrical load where there is no intermediate conversion
to DC.
This subclass is indented under subclass 113. Subject matter wherein an input signal having a first frequency
is transformed into an output signal having a second higher frequency, where the
output frequency is a multiple of the input frequency.
(1)
Note. A harmonic output frequency is an integral
multiple of an input frequency.
(2)
Note. Miscellaneous frequency mixing which produces
sum or difference frequencies of two input frequencies is classified
in subclass 113. Rectangular or pulse waveform frequency
mixing is classified in subclass 114.
Music,
subclasses 600+ for apparatus for generating or modifying electric currents
or potentials to produce varying electric currents or potentials
in combination with or intended for use with structure for converting
the varying electric currents or potentials into musical tones.
Electric Power Conversion Systems,
subclasses 157+ for frequency conversion systems of a single electrical source
coupled to a single electrical load where there is no intermediate conversion
to DC.
This subclass is indented under subclass 119. Subject matter wherein multiple harmonic output waves are
simultaneously derived from a single input wave.
(1)
Note. The plurality of output waves are generally
derived from separate output terminals by filter or other load.
This subclass is indented under subclass 119. Subject matter wherein the frequency of the output wave
is exactly twice the frequency of the input wave independent of
the input frequency.
(1)
Note. Included in this subclass are systems in which
the claimed subject matter is restricted to frequency doublers even though
the system singularly or in combination with similar systems may
be used as a frequency multiplier other than a doubler.
This subclass is indented under subclass 119. Subject matter wherein a harmonic producing device comprises
a particular electron space discharge device or an element whose
respective impedance cannot be considered to be concentrated at
a point.
This subclass is indented under subclass 100. Subject matter wherein an input signal (typically
low magnitude DC) is regularly interrupted to form a pulsating
output waveform.
This subclass is indented under subclass 100. Subject matter wherein a waveform is generated having the
shape produced by (a) a locus of points each of
which has an equal distance to a fixed line and a fixed point or (b) a
locus of points wherein the difference in distances from each point
to two fixed points is a constant.
This subclass is indented under subclass 100. Subject matter including the generation of a signal whose
amplitude increases or decreases between three or more discrete
steps at regular intervals.
This subclass is indented under subclass 126. Subject matter including a gain producing device responsive
to the offset between two input voltages or currents and nonresponsive
to voltages or currents which are identical in the two inputs.
This subclass is indented under subclass 126. Subject matter including an element converting an alternating
current wave into a corresponding direct current wave.
Electric Power Conversion Systems,
subclasses 13+ for current conversion (including rectification) in
a power system which connects a single electrical source to a single
electrical load.
This subclass is indented under subclass 100. Subject matter wherein an input signal wave is modified
to or triggers an alternating current sinusoidal wave at the output.
(1)
Note. Included here are signals having a cosinusoidal
waveform.
Music,
subclasses 600+ for various systems for modifying electric currents
or potentials in combination with converting the varying electric currents
or potentials into sound waves for the production of musical tones.
Surgery,
subclasses 419+ for systems wherein the usual 60 Hz commercial alternating
current is converted to high frequency AC or pulsating current for
application to the human body.
Electrical Generator or Motor Structure,
subclass 160 for structural details of a rotary mechanical AC
frequency converter and subclass 161 for phase shifter type rotary
AC dynamoelectric machines.
Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices:
Systems,
subclasses 378+ and 391+ for systems which deflect a cathode
ray by a rotating electric field having conversion of pulse wave energy
to alternating wave energy, subclasses 200+ for
systems comprising a discharge device or rectifier in the supply
circuit of a gaseous tube or tubes where the output may be an alternating
circuit wave, subclasses 209+ for systems comprising
a periodic switch in the supply circuit of a gaseous tube or tubes
where the switch may be pulse controlled with the output an AC wave
and subclasses 246+ for systems comprising a pulsating
supply for gaseous tubes.
Oscillators, particularly
subclasses 37+ for systems comprising the combination of oscillator
with production of a beat frequency, subclass 45 for an oscillator
with polyphase output, and subclasses 172+ for
an oscillator combined with pulse actuated control or synchronization.
Communications: Electrical, appropriate subclasses for signaling or indicating
devices responsive to pulse wave input and in which the output may
or may not be an alternating current.
Electric Power Conversion Systems,
subclasses 13+ for systems involving derectification, subclasses
148+ for systems including phase conversion, and
subclass 157 for systems including frequency conversion wherein
a single source is connected to a single load.
Pulse or Digital Communications,
subclasses 1 through 58for pulse responsive systems, subclasses
62+ for systems for transmitting information including
frequency shift keying, and subclasses 75+ for
pulse responsive receivers.
Telecommunications,
subclasses 313+ for systems whereby an input modulated carrier
wave is modified by a wave derived from a local oscillator or other
source in such a manner as to obtain an output wave the frequency of
which is the sum or difference of the input wave and the modifying wave (i.e., a
beat frequency).
This subclass is indented under subclass 100. wherein the output waveform comprises an initial sloped
rise from a normal voltage level followed by a steady level which
is followed by a sloped return to the normal voltage level and where
the sloped portions are mirror images.
This subclass is indented under subclass 100. Subject matter wherein a waveform is generated having a
positive slope followed immediately by a negative slope.
(1)
Note. The positive slope is generally gradual (e.g., by
slowly charging a capacitor, etc.), and
the negative slope is generally much more rapid (e.g., by quickly
discharging a capacitor).
(2)
Note. The slopes of a sawtooth waveform produced
may only approximate a straight line.
This subclass is indented under subclass 131. Subject matter including a circuit portion which supplies
a particular level of electrical current therethrough or a circuit
portion having collector current matching in a pair of transistors
having their bases and emitters tied together.
This subclass is indented under subclass 131. Subject matter wherein the output is supplied to a device
producing a magnetic field which tends to inhibit any change in
current passing therethrough.
This subclass is indented under subclass 100. Subject matter wherein a signal is produced which will (a) maintain
a predetermined phase or frequency relationship between two sources of
waves, one source being an excitation or standard source (sync
source) and the other source being changed to achieve the
predetermined relationship; (b) provide
an initiate or stop operation to a device at a predetermined time; or (c) time (i.e., synchronize) the
operation of some electrical circuit or system.
Oscillators,
subclasses 20+ for synchronized automatic frequency stabilized
TV type oscillators, subclass 55 for synchronized plural
oscillators, subclass 87 for synchronized magnetron oscillators, subclass
145 for synchronized free running multivibrators, subclass
149 for synchronized free running blocking oscillators, and
subclass 153 for synchronized free running relaxation oscillators
in general.
This subclass is indented under subclass 141. Subject matter wherein a device provides either an initiate
or stop operation at a predetermined interval from a predetermined
starting time.
This subclass is indented under subclass 142. Subject matter wherein a circuit reacts to the supply of
power thereto or the removal of power therefrom.
(1)
Note. The change in supplied power may be of any
duration.
This subclass is indented under subclass 141. Subject matter wherein plural square wave signals having
precisely regulated amplitude and frequency are utilized to achieve
synchronization.
This subclass is indented under subclass 144. Subject matter wherein a portion of the circuit output is
returned to an input.
(1)
Note. Positive feedback occurs when a portion of
an output signal is fed back in phase with the input to increase
amplification and possibly cause oscillation.
(2)
Note. Negative feedback occurs when a portion of
an output signal is fed back 180 degrees out of phase relative to
the input. This decreases amplification, stabilizes
circuit performance, and minimizes noise and distortion.
This subclass is indented under subclass 146. Subject matter wherein a circuit compares the phase of
the output signal with a reference signal and converts any difference
into a correction voltage that changes the phase of the output so
it matches that of the reference or input signal.
This subclass is indented under subclass 147. Subject matter wherein a device which pumps elemental positive
or negative electrical energy is included.
This subclass is indented under subclass 141. Subject matter wherein a portion of an input signal is advanced
essentially unchanged to an output stage of the synchronizing circuit.
This subclass is indented under subclass 155. Subject matter wherein a circuit compares the phase of
the output signal with a reference signal and converts any difference
into a correction voltage that changes the phase of the output so
it matches that of the reference or input signal.
This subclass is indented under subclass 156. Subject matter wherein a device which pumps elemental positive
or negative electrical energy is included.
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