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CLASS 318,	ELECTRICITY: MOTIVE POWER SYSTEMS
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SECTION I - CLASS DEFINITION

BASIC SUBJECT MATTER OF THE CLASS:

This is the generic class for system of electrical supply and/or of control for one or more electric motors where the electric motor is claimed in combination with such systems of supply and/or control and the electric motor as claimed constitutes the ultimate and sole electrical load device supplied by the system or constitutes the ultimate and sole electrical device being controlled.

SECTION II - LINES WITH OTHER CLASSES AND WITHIN THIS CLASS

GENERIC OR NORMALLY RECITED ELECTRIC MOTOR.

1. Generic Motor System With Disclosed But Not Claimed Electric Motor.

Motor systems where the disclosure states that any one of a plurality of motors may be used in the system, one of which is an electric motor and another is a non-electric motor, and there is no claim limiting the system to having a non-electric motor, are classified in this class (318).

Where the system includes two or more motors, see Electric Motor Combined With Other Driving Means.

2. Motor Recited By Name Only

The mere inclusion of the electric motor by name only (e.g., an "electric motor") as an element of the combination is sufficient basis for classification in this Class. That is, no details of structure of the motor or no details of relationship between the motor and the system of supply and/or control--other than merely being connected so as to be supplied and/or controlled by the system--are necessary.

Where, however, the electric motor is not specifically claimed as such, but is claimed only broadly as "a load device", an "electric translating device", "a power consuming device", or any other general load device expression which does not necessitate that the load device be an electric motor, classification is not in this class, but in some other appropriate class which provides for the electric system, per se. This is true even if the only disclosed load or controlled device is an electric motor. However, where the load or controlled device is disclosed as an electric motor but is claimed in general terms and an operating characteristic is significantly ascribed to such device which characteristic (e.g., speed, revolutions, limit-of-travel), is substantially only associated with electric motor, classification will be in this class on the assumption that an electric motor is in fact claimed. Likewise, where characteristic parts of an electric motor are recited classification is herein even though the expression "electric motor" or its equivalent is not literally present in the claims.

MOTOR AS ULTIMATE LOAD DEVICE (FOLLOW-UP SYSTEMS)

The fact that the electric motor is the ultimate load device of the system or that it is the ultimate device being controlled may not always be apparent from the language of the claims. For example, an arrangement wherein means responsive to a condition (such as motor speed) of the motor is provided to actuate motor control or supply means to control the motor is a motor system.

Applying this to a "follow-up" type of motor control wherein a motor is started, stopped and reversed in response to a condition of unbalance of an electrical network and wherein the operation of the motor also rebalances the network, the arrangement is a motor system since the network and its rebalance constitutes the control for the motor.

However, if the above motor drives a specific load device provided for in another class then the patent is excluded from this class. For example, if the above motor drives an indicator for indicating the voltage of a system to which the network is connected, the overall arrangement is a voltage measuring system classified in Class 324. Similarly if the above motor drives a rheostat which regulates the voltage of a generator, the combination is a generation system classified in Class 322.

LOAD DEVICE DRIVEN BY THE MOTOR (INCLUDING POWER, MOTION, FORCE, OR TORQUE TRANSMITTING DEVICES)

1. This class provides for systems of electric supply and/or control for electric motors in combination with load devices driven by the motor when such combination is not provided for in other classes. The definition of, and/or the patents in, the several art classes which provide for the combination of particular load devices and the motive power means therefor will determine the lines that exist between the several classes and this class. Consequently, the lines as thus determined may be different for different classes.

2. Motor Driven Device Not Significantly Claimed.

In general, however, this class provides for electric systems of supply and/or control for electric motors in combination with the load device driven thereby where the load device is claimed so broadly that it has no particular significance in the system as claimed other than a mere load device. Thus the combination of an electric motor system and a load device driven by the motor wherein the load device is recited in general terms only (such as, for example, "a load device", a "Variable load", a "highly fluctuating load", "means actuated by the motor", a "Gradually increasing load", etc.) or in specific terms, but by name only (such for example, as a "vehicle", an "airplane", a "rolling mill", "grinding rolls", "gearing". etc.) and wherein no details of the structure of the specific load device or no details of relationship between the motor system and the specific load device, other than that merely necessary broadly to locate the motor or to constitute a support for the motor or to merely connect the motor to the load device, are set forth, is classified in this class.

3. Motor Driven Device Significantly Claimed

This class, also provides for the combination of an electric motor system in combination with specific load devices wherein details of structure of the specific load device or details of relationship between the motor system and the specific load device are set forth only when no provision is made for such combination in any other class.

4. Plural Motor Driven Devices

Where two or more motor driven load devices are claimed, classification will be in some other class. For example only, in electric welding apparatus, the combination of electric motor actuating welding electrodes and a fan directed to cause air to circulate around the electrodes, which fan is actuated by another electric motor, classification is in the art which provides for such combinations; namely, Class 219. If no other class provides for the combination of the specific plural motor driven load devices, classification will be in an appropriate subclass in Class 318 depending on whether or not one or more of the load devices are significantly claimed. See Classification of Motor Driven Load Devices in this class, below. However, note that subclass 39 of Class 318 provides for work and feed or indexing combinations, that is, motor systems having two motors, one motor driving the work and tool with respect to each other, and the other motor driving the means for positioning or feeding the tool with respect to the work.

5. Classification Of Motor Driven Load Devices In This Class

The combination of a motor system and a load device driven thereby where the load device is claimed broadly (by name only) is classified in this class on the basis of the motor system and not on the basis of the combination of the motor system and the load device.

The combination of a motor system and a specific load device which is classified in this class (see Motor Driven Device Significantly Claimed above), is classified in this class on the basis of the combination in subclasses 3+. See the reference to Motor Driven Power, Force or Torque Transmitting Devices below.

6. Motor Systems And Power, Motion, Force Or Torque Transmitting Devices Driven Thereby.

The applications of Load Device Driven by the Motor above, with respect to a motor system where the motor drives a clutch or gearing is as follows:

(a) Clutches. An electric motor system where the motor drives or actuates a clutch is not classified in this class (318) when (a) details of structure of the clutch, (b) details of relationship between the motor (or the electrical system therefor) and the clutch (or its control means) other than a mere driving or connecting relationship, or (c) operating or control means for the clutch are set forth. Where, however, the clutch is so broadly claimed (such as by name only) as to merely constitute a load device actuated by the electric motor, classification is in this class. The motor driven clutches excluded from this class (318) are differently classified. Electric or magnetic clutches of the type in which the transmission of force is solely through the agency or medium of a magnetic field of force are classified in Class 310, Electrical Generator or Motor Structure, subclass 92; fluid clutches or fluid drives in which the transmission of force is solely through the agency of a fluid are classifiable in Class 60, subclasses 52+; and mechanical clutches for the main part are classified in Class 192.

(b) The combination of an electric motor system of the type classifiable, per se, in this class (318) with gearing of the type classifiable, per se, in Class 74 (Machine Element or Mechanism) is as follows: Where a gearing arrangement is set forth with or without an electric motor drive means therefor and with control means for the gearing other than the drive means, classification is in Class 74, even though the control means includes an electric motor actuator. Where a significant electric motor system is set forth as the driving means for significant gearing, classification is in this class (318), subclasses 3+, provided no means for controlling the operation of the gearing is claimed. Where a significant electric motor system is set forth as driving means for gearing recited by name only, the gearing is considered to be "load" and classification is in this class (318), the subclass depending on the significant electric motor control or supply set forth.

(c) The combination of an electric motor system of the type classifiable, per se, in this class (318) with a positive stop mechanism of the type classifiable, per se, in Class 192 (Clutches and Power-Stop Control) is as follows: Where an electric motor driven device is combined with a mechanical stop mechanism, and the mechanism stops the drive independently of any motor control or deenergization, even though the stopping of the drive incidentally causes control or deenergization of the motor, classification is in Class 192, Clutches and Power-Stop Control. Where the stopping operation requires control of the motor as well as operation of the stop mechanism classification is in this class (318).

(d) Class 477, Interrelated Power Delivery Controls, Including Engine Control, was formed in 1993 from patents in Classes 74 and 192 relating to interrelated controls between an engine and a transmission, brake, or clutch. Therefore the line between Class 318 and Class 477 is the same as exists between Class 318 and Classes 74 and 192 as set forth in Motor Systems and Power above.

7. Electric Motor Control And/Or Supply System As A Control Means In A More Comprehensive System

Where an electric motor drives or actuates specific means for controlling a specific device, classification will, in general, be in the art relating to the specific controlled device or in the art relating to the specific controlling means. For example, an electric motor control system automatically responsive to the speed of an internal combustion engine combined with means actuated by the electric motor for moving the throttle of the internal combustion engine to maintain the speed of the engine constant would not be classifiable in this Class (318), but would be classifiable in the art relating to throttle control of internal combustion engines.

Where, however, the same motor control system is claimed, per se, (i.e., without being limited to actuating the throttle) classification would be in this class. And this is true even if the motor were controlled in response to the speed of the internal combustion engine, if the motor is not limited to controlling the engine.

8. One Electric Motor Control System Connected To Operate The Controls Or The Supply For Another Electric Motor.

Where one electric motor is disclosed for the purpose of operating some useful load device and has means for controlling the motor, the controlling means including a second electric motor system whose sole purpose is to control the load motor, classification of such combination is in this class (318) on the basis of the control of the (single) load motor and not on the basis of plural motors.

ELECTRIC MOTOR SYSTEMS COMBINED WITH OTHER ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS

1. Combined With Adjunctive Or Ancillary Systems.

The combination of an electrical system of supply and/or control for an electric motor of the type classifiable, per se, in this Class with electrical systems for producing some useful effect or result other than supplying and/or controlling the electric motor, which latter systems are subordinate to and operate in conjunction with the motor, the devices driven thereby, and/or the system of supply and/or control for the motor, to perform some effect or result thereupon or to indicate, test, measure, record, calibrate, etc. conditions in (or of) the motor, the devices actuated thereby and/or the system of supply and/or control for the motor, is classified in this class (318).

For example: A system of current, voltage and power-factor measurements connected to measure electrical conditions in various parts of an operative electric motor speed control system is classified in this class (318).

For example: A system for periodically recalibrating a bridge network to cause it to be maintained at some standard operating condition in combination with that bridge network connected to an electric motor so as to control the electric motor, is classified in this class (318).

2. Combined With Coordinate Electrical Systems

The combination of an electrical system of supply and/or control of the type classifiable, per se, in this Class with one or more other electrical systems the function of which other system is to produce or effect a result which is distinct from the motor control or supply system but which may, however, be related to the operation of the motor system so as to cooperate therewith or which may have some portion thereof constituting a portion in common with both systems, is classified in some other appropriate class. See References to Other Classes referencing this section.

For example: A system of supply and control for an electric motor in combination with a communication system for sending signals and messages not restricted to the control and operation of the electric transmission circuit, would not be classifiable in this class (318).

ELECTRIC MOTOR COMBINED WITH OTHER DRIVING MEANS

This class provides for the combination of one or more electric motors operating as driving means with one or more driving means which are not electric motors only when such combination is not elsewhere provide for.

In general, however, plural driving means when all or one more thereof are other than electric motors, are provided for elsewhere.

However, typical of the art not provided for elsewhere and which is included herein, are the combinations of one or more electric motor (operating as driving means) with axle-operated driving means or manually-operated driving means.

ELECTRIC MOTORS NOT USED TO CONVERT ELECTRICAL ENERGY TO MECHANICAL ENERGY

Electric machines although designated as "electric motors" but which are so connected and used to function as means not for converting electrical energy into mechanical energy but for some other purpose, are not classified herein. Electric motors to be classifiable herein must be connected or controlled so as to function as electric motors.

ELECTRIC MOTOR STRUCTURE

The structure of electric motors (as distinguished from the systems of supply and control) is excluded from this class. See References to Other Classes, below,

SYSTEMS GENERIC TO MOTORS OR GENERATORS

Where the system includes a dynamo-electric machine, and the machine is disclosed but not claimed as either an electric motor or an electric generator, the patent is excluded from this class. See References to Other Classes, below, for the appropriate class.

MOTOR SYSTEMS OTHER THAN ELECTRIC MOTOR SYSTEMS

See References to Other Classes, below, for a reference to a compilation of all types of motors.

SECTION III - SUBCLASS REFERENCES TO THE CURRENT CLASS

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

SECTION IV - REFERENCES TO OTHER CLASSES

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

SECTION V - GLOSSARY

ACCELERATION CONTROL

Controlling the change of speed of an electric motor from zero speed to some running speed value and vice versa, or from one running speed value to another running speed value. Mere starting of the motor is not considered to be acceleration control unless the acceleration of the motor is controlled after the starting operation. Acceleration control includes deceleration control. Deceleration control differs from motor braking in that in deceleration control no means are utilized for applying an opposing torque or output force to the driving member of the motor. In deceleration control, for example, the power input to the motor is varied to decelerate the motor. See the definition of braking below. Mere stopping of the motor by opening the supply circuit is not deceleration control in the absence of any means to control the rate of stopping, but is mere stopping.

For the distinction between acceleration control and running speed control, see the definition of Running Speed Control.

ALTERNATING-CURRENT COMMUTATING MOTOR

A motor having a commutator electrically connected to a winding of the motor, the motor being designed to operate on alternating current. Such motors are sometimes referred to as "series A-C motors", "universal motors". See the definition of Repulsion motor above, and the definition of self-commutated impulse or reluctance motors below.

AUTOMATIC STARTING AND STOPPING

Starting, stopping, or the combination of these two operations is treated in this class as a single motor operation. Automatic starting and stopping (i.e., starting or stopping which is initiated in response to a condition) is classified for the most part in subclass 445 or in the subclasses specified in the notes to the definition of those subclasses. If the stopping control involves motor braking, then the patent is classified in the braking control subclasses. If the stopping control involves motor deceleration control, but not motor braking, then the patent is classified in the motor acceleration control subclasses. If the starting control involves motor acceleration control, then the patent is classified in the motor acceleration subclasses. See diverse motor operations for the classification where the system has means for automatic starting or stopping of the motor and also means for performing another control operation. Where the motor is stopped and then started in the reverse direction of motion, the patent is classified in the motor reversing control subclasses. See below, for a definition of Reversing Control. Where the motor armature or primary current is controlled during the starting and/or stopping period other than for acceleration, deceleration, or braking control, see definition of Motor Load Control.

CIRCUIT MAKING AND/OR BREAKING DEVICE

A device for fully establishing and/or fully interrupting the electrical conductivity of an electrical path or circuit between two or more points in an electrical circuit by relative movement of electrically conductive elements into and/or out of physical contact with each other.

DIVERSE MOTOR OPERATIONS

For the purpose of classification in the subclasses entitled "plural, diverse motor operations control" the following limitations are applied relative to the nature of the several operations:

ELECTRIC MOTOR:

A machine which transforms electric energy into mechanical energy.

IMPEDANCE OR IMPEDANCE DEVICE

A means having inductance, capacity, resistance or any combination thereof and excluding any source of electric energy.

HOMOPOLAR OR UNIFORM-FIELD MOTORS

A noncommutating motor having a magnetic field producing means combined with one or more electric conductors mounted to move relative to and in proximity to the field producing means, the field producing means being so constructed or energized that the magnetic field produced thereby is, at any instant of time, of the same polarity or direction throughout its extent with reference to the path of travel of the movable electric conductor or conductors.

IMPACT, MECHANICAL SHOCK, OR VIBRATION-PRODUCING MOTOR

An electric motor having means for moving one of the motor parts into impact or percussive contact with one or more other parts of either the motor structure or a part which is structurally combined with the motor structure, or a motor whose prime or essential function is to transmit mechanical shock or vibrations to a device or mechanism secured to the motor or upon which the motor may be mounted, (e.g., rotary motor with the rotor unbalanced to produce vibrations which are transmitted to its support.

INDUCTION MOTORS

An asynchronous alternating current motor which operates during running speed conditions as a result of electromagnetic induction and which has at least two electrical conductors which are mounted or positioned in electromagnetic relationship with each other and for movement relative to each other, and in which alternating current energy delivered to one of the conductors ("primary" or "inducing" member) induces in the other of said conductors ("secondary" or "induced" member) an alternating current and the mechanical energy is obtained as a result of the electromagnetic inductive action between the magnetic field generated by the alternating current in the one conductor and the magnetic field generated by the induced current in the other conductor. The secondary or induced winding is usually short circuited or shunted by means of an impedance. An example of an induction motor is the squirrel cage motor, that is, a motor where the secondary winding consists of a plurality of short-circuited bars. See the definition of a "repulsion motor".

LINEAR MOVEMENT MOTORS

A motor having means for causing the working element to move in a substantially linear or uni-directional path. The path may be straight, curved, tortuous, or even closed upon itself, provided the movable element is not pivoted for rotation about an axis. The motor may have means for reversing the direction of movement of the movable element. Where the reversing means includes means for periodically or repeatedly reversing the motor at predetermined intervals, the motor system is considered to be an oscillating or reciprocating motor system. See the Glossary definition of Oscillating Or Reciprocating Motor.

MAGNETOSTRICTIVE MOTOR

A motor having a magnetizable member or which has its dimensions changed as a result of changing currents in the electromagnetic field producing means which effects the magnetizable member, the physical distortion or change in dimensions producing the mechanical energy.

MOTOR BRAKING CONTROL

Includes any device or means for applying a torque or force to the power output element of the electric motor in a direction which is in opposition to the motor torque or force (resulting from electrical energization of, or the kinetic or potential energy stored in, the motor) and tending to retard, stop or prevent movement of the motor--excepting, of course, mere useful load devices actuated by the motor, or such forces that are normally inherent in the motor structure, per se, such as bearing friction, windage, eddy current reaction, etc. However, means providing for substantially increased or accentuated eddy currents in the motor structure to increase the retarding or braking effect, are classified herein. Examples of braking means included herein, include, auxiliary eddy-current disks, electric generators, fans, pumps, propellers and other motor shaft loading devices when such devices are limited in the claims to the function of braking the motor. When such shaft loading devices are not limited as claimed to the function of braking, classification is not herein, but in some other appropriate place. For the distinction between braking control and deceleration control see the definition of Acceleration Control in the Glossary. Braking of the motor to control the running speed of the motor (e.g., to maintain the speed constant) is classified in the running speed control subclasses. For the distinction between motor braking and motor reversing, see reversing control below.

MOTOR DECELERATION CONTROL

See the definition of motor acceleration control in the definition of motor deceleration control.

MOTOR LOAD CONTROL

Controlling the mechanical load actuated by the motor or controlling the motor armature or primary current during the starting and/or stopping period of the motor. Where the current is controlled to control the acceleration or deceleration of the motor, the system is classified as motor acceleration or deceleration control, see section IB4a of the class definition. Where the current is controlled to effect motor braking the system is classified as braking control see the definition acceleration control.

MOTOR OPERATION CONTROL

See the Glossary terms Acceleration Control; Automatic Starting and Stopping; Motor Braking Control, Motor Deceleration Control; Motor Load Control, Reversing Control, Running Speed Control; Starting And/Or Stopping; Diverse Motor Operations.

NONMAGNETIC MOTOR

A motor having means other than a magnetic field producing means for producing a mechanical force. Example of nonmagnetic motors are piezo-electric crystals, thermo-electric motors.

RECIPROCATING OR OSCILLATING MOTOR

A motor which is structurally arranged or constructed so as to have a limited degree of movement, and which is provided with means for moving the movable (working element) of the motor to-and-fro repeatedly over substantially the same path or arc of movement (including rotations about an axis co-incident with the geometrical or center-or-gravity axis of the movable element of the motor). Compare this definition and the definition of "LINEAR MOVEMENT MOTORS".

SPECIAL TYPES OF MOTORS:

The several designations applied to distinguish the several types of motors such as series motors, induction motors, synchronous motors, etc., shall apply to those motors whose normal running characteristics are so described. Thus a synchronous motor is one which runs as a synchronous motor under normal running or load conditions. This is true even though the motor may be driven by some other device either (mechanical or electrical) during the starting and/or accelerating period or may operate on some other motor principle during the starting or accelerating period. Such an instance may be illustrated by a synchronous motor which is provided with means to cause it to start as an induction motor and subsequently and normally run at synchronous speed. Such a motor is considered to be a synchronous motor, since under normal running conditions, it exhibits all the characteristics of a synchronous motor.

SYNCHRONOUS MOTOR

An alternating-current or a pulsating current motor which, under running-speed conditions, operates at an average speed which is always exactly proportional to the frequency or periodicity of the source which supplies electric energy to the armature or primary circuit of the motor and which speed is independent of the voltage of the source, the magnitude of the field excitation, or the load on the motor.

REPULSION MOTOR

An induction motor (defined in INDUCTION MOTORS above) in which the secondary or induced member is provided with a commutator, the commutator being engaged with a pair of circumferencially spaced short-circuited brushes, and in which either means (e.g., an auxiliary winding) is provided in inductive relation to the secondary to produce a magnetic field in time phase with, and displaced in relation to, the field produced by the primary or inducing member, or the brushes are displaced from the mid-position between adjacent primary (winding) pole positions whereby the motor may operate continuously under running-speed conditions. See the definition of self-commutated impulse or reluctance motors.

SERIES MOTOR

A motor having at least one field producing winding and at least one armature winding, all of the field-producing windings which are connected to be energized being electrically connected in series-circuit relationship with all of the armature windings which are connected to be energized.

SELF-COMMUTATED IMPULSE OR RELUCTANCE MOTORS

A rotary motor of the type in which the rotor element tends to assume a predetermined angular position when the motor is continuously energized and is provided with a commutator or circuit making and breaking device which is actuated by the motor to determine the instants of time at which the field producing windings thereof are energized and de-energized relative to the angular position of the rotary element. See the definition of a Repulsion Motor above.

REVERSING CONTROL

Motor systems in which means are provided for operating the motor in one direction at one time and in the opposite direction at another time, or for causing the motor to operate in a direction opposite to that in which it has previously been operating. In reversing motor systems, means must be provided for causing the motor to produce a torque in both directions of operations. Where the motor current is controlled only to bring the motor to a stop or to brake the motor, there being no operation in the reverse direction, the system is classified as motor braking or as motor deceleration control, depending upon whether the motor is merely braked or whether the rate of deceleration is controlled. See the class definition for a definition of deceleration control and motor braking control in the class definition for a definition of braking control.

RUNNING SPEED CONTROL

Motor systems in which means are provided for regulating or controlling the speed of an electric motor after it has been accelerated to some operating speed at which it is designed to run until the work or useful load device driven by the motor has performed its duty at that speed.

STARTING AND/OR STOPPING

Generally, the only motor systems classified as starting and stopping are those where the supply circuit to the motor is merely closed in the case of starting, or the supply circuit is opened in the case of stopping, there being no control of the rate of starting or stopping, or no auxiliary means to brake the motor. See the definition of acceleration control of the class definition for the starting and/or stopping systems which include motor acceleration and/or deceleration control means. See the definition of motor braking control of the class definition for the stopping systems which include motor braking. See the definition of motor braking control for the class definition for motor systems where the armature or primary circuit is controlled during the starting and/or stopping period for purposes other than motor acceleration, deceleration or braking control. Motor systems having only starting and/or stopping control are classified in the miscellaneous subclasses of this class. See Subclass References to the Current Class for motor systems where automatically controlled means control the starting and/or stopping and for the motor systems where the system includes a three or more position motor controller to control the starting and/or stopping.

SUBCLASSES

1	ELECTRIC MOTOR WITH NONMOTOR DRIVING MEANS (E.G., AXLE DRIVE, MANUAL DRIVE):
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Subject matter in which one or more electric motors are combined with one or more means (other than a motor) for driving or actuating one or more load devices, e.g., axle drives. (1) Note. See Electric Motor Combined With Other Driving Means in the Class Definition for the line between this class and other classes which provide for the combination of an electric motor and a nonelectric motor. (2) Note. Where the electric motor or motors and other driving means drive or are part of an art device, classification is with the art device and not in this class. See Load Device Driven By The Motor in the Class Definition. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 5, for plural electric motor drives for plural particular load devices. 8, for plural electric motor drives for single particular load devices. 34+, for plural electric motor drives arranged to drive one or more general load devices. 150, and 161, for motors combined with flywheels for actuating load devices. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 60,  Power Plants,   subclass 698 for the combination of plural diverse motors, including electrical motor combined with nonelectrical motors. 91,  Motors: Expansible Chamber Type,   subclasses 165+ and 508+ for plural expansible chamber motors. 185,  Motors: Spring, Weight, or Animal Powered,   is the generic class of motors.

2	Manual driving means:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 1.  Subject matter in which one or more electric motors are combined with manually actuated means for driving or actuating one or more load devices. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 74,  Machine Element or Mechanism,   subclass 479.01 for plural controlling or actuating elements for levers and linkages in general and subclasses 625+ for alternate hand or power operators, where no electric motor control is claimed. 322,  Electricity: Single Generator Systems,   subclass 9 for systems wherein a generator is actuated by plural driving means, one of them being manual. 475,  Planetary Gear Transmission Systems or Components,   subclasses 1+ for inputs from independent power sources to a planetary gear transmission.

3	WITH PARTICULAR MOTOR-DRIVEN LOAD DEVICE:
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Subject matter in which one or more electric motors are connected or arranged to be connected to actuate one or more particular or specific load devices which load devices must constitute a significant part of the combination; and in which means are also provided for controlling or supplying electric energy to the electric motor or motors. (1) Note. See Load Device Driven By The Motor, in the Class Definition for a statement in regard to the combination of electric motors and load devices driven thereby included to this class. (2) Note. Significant power, torque, force or motion transmitting mechanism is considered to be a particular or specific load device for classification in this or the indented subclasses. See Motor Systems and Power, Motion, Force or Torque Transmitting Devices Driven Thereby, in the Class Definition for the combinations of motor supply and/or control and the power, torque, force or motion transmitting mechanism driven thereby which are included in this class. (3) Note. Where the particular load device is a flywheel merely, classification is not herein but in appropriate subclasses below. See the Search notes below. (4) Note. See the classes listed under the class definition. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 39, for electric motor systems of the work and feed or indexing type of motor combination where there are a plurality of motors. 161, for an electric motor driving a flywheel, see (2) Note above.

4	Plural, diverse or diversely controlled load device:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 3.  Subject matter in which there are two or more particular load devices driven by one or more electric motors and in which one or more of the load devices are structurally different from or are operated or controlled differently (e.g., with respect to time, mode or degree of operation or control, particular means employed to effect the operation or control) than one or more of the other of the load devices. (1) Note. Where the plural driven devices operate as a unit, all receiving the same kind and degree of control so that they function as a single (although sometimes variable) unit, classification will be in this class along with the single driven devices. (2) Note. Where two or more load devices are claimed and at least one of the load devices is significantly claimed, classification will be in this subclass or a subclass indented hereunder. (3) Note. This and the indented subclass include the combination of an electric motor driving a particular or specific load device and a power, force or motion transmitting mechanism, the latter mechanism having means for driving a load device other than the first mentioned particular or specific load device.

5	Plural motor drive:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 4.  Subject matter in which two or more electric motors are provided to drive the driven devices and in which one of the motors is arranged to drive one of the driven devices and another of the motors is arranged to drive another of the driven devices; or, in which one of the motors is supplied with electrical energy differently or is controlled differently with respect to time, load, speed, etc., from another of the motors, or in which one of the motors is substantially different structurally from another motor. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 1, for subject matter within the class definition having an electric motor driving means and a nonmotor driving means. 8+, for plural electric motors driving single particular load devices. 34+, for miscellaneous plural electric motor systems within the class definition. 39, for electric motor systems of the work and feed or indexing type of motor combination where there are a plurality of motors. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 91,  Motors: Expansible Chamber Type,   subclasses 165+ and 508+ for plural expansible chamber motors.

6	Tension-maintaining type of motor-control system:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 3.  Subject matter in which means are provided for controlling one or more electric motors so as to control the tension or tautness in a material being driven, conveyed, or otherwise moved by the motor at some predetermined value or within some predetermined limits. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 362+, for patents relating to braking of load devices driven by electric motors. 432, for patents relating to constant motor current or load or torque control. 436, for patents relating to motor systems for producing torque while the motor is not running but is still energized. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 72,  Metal Deforming,   subclass 6 for a metal-shaping apparatus combined with a condition responsive device for automatically controlling the operation of the apparatus and subclass 183 for a metal deforming apparatus for deflecting successively presented portions of work by tension applied thereto. 112,  Sewing,   subclass 254 for tensioning devices for sewing machines. 114,  Ships,   subclasses 213+ for tension relieving devices on ships. 226,  Advancing Material of Indeterminate Length,   subclass 10 for a feeder controlled by the tension in a strand or web. 242,  Winding, Tensioning, or Guiding,   subclasses 410+ and 147+ for a device for controlling tension in a running length of elongated material. 254,  Implements or Apparatus for Applying Pushing or Pulling Force,   subclasses 274+ for apparatus for hauling or hoisting a load, including a cable-pulling drum having a mechanism linked to the drum, or a rotating element of the drive for the drum, for generating a control impulse to the drive motor of the drum when the torque on the drum varies. 440,  Marine Propulsion,   subclass 34 for ship towing by cables, wherein means may be provided for controlling the cable tension or tautness. 474,  Endless Belt Power Transmission Systems or Components,   subclasses 101+ for means for adjusting belt tension in a power transmission.

7	Plural, diverse or diversely controlled motors:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 6.  Subject matter in which two or more motors are controlled and in which one or more of the motors are controlled differently from one or more other of the motors. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 34, and the subclasses specified in the notes to the definitions of those subclasses, for plural electric motor systems in general.

8	Plural, diverse or diversely controlled driving motors (e.g., driving differential gearing):
	This subclass is indented under subclass 3.  Subject matter in which two or more electric motors are employed to drive a particular load device and in which one or more of the motors (1) are substantially different, structurally, or (2) are controlled or operated differently with respect to time, load, speed, etc., from one or more other of the motors. (1) Note. This subclass includes subject matter within the class definition where plural diverse or diversely controlled electric motors drive differential gearing. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 1, for subject matter within the class definition having an electric motor driving means and a nonmotor driving means. 5, for plural electric motors driving plural diverse, or diversely controlled particular load devices. 7, for this subject matter where the plural motors control the tension or tautness of a material being driven, conveyed or moved by the motor. 34, and the subclasses specified in the Notes to the definitions of those subclasses for other plural electric motor systems within the class definition. 39, for electric motor systems of the work and feed or indexing type of motor combination where there are a plurality of motors. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 60,  Power Plants,   subclass 716 a system of plural motors having a common output and not provided for elsewhere. See the search note in the definition of subclass 698 of Class 60. 91,  Motors: Expansible Chamber Type,   subclasses 165+ and 508+ for plural expansible chamber motors.

9	Power- or motion-transmitting mechanism:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 3.  Subject matter in which the particular motor driven device comprises means for receiving and transmitting mechanical power, torque, force, or motion from the electric motor to some load device adapted to be actuated thereby. (1) Note. Motor Systems and Power, Motion, Force or Torque Transmitting Devices Driven Thereby in the class definition for the combinations of an electric motor and a power, torque, force or motion transmitting mechanism included in this class. (2) Note. This subclass excludes motor driven clutches and motor driven magnetic field type of transmitting device. See Search Class below. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 4+, for such transmitting mechanisms in combination with other particular load devices, all actuated by electric motors, the transmitting mechanism having means for driving a load device other than the particular load device. 8, for such a transmitting mechanism driven by two or more electric motors. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 310,  Electrical Generator or Motor Structure,   subclasses 75+ for electric motors having drive mechanism therefor, and subclasses 92+ for the combination of an electric motor and a magnetic field type of transmitting mechanism. See (1) Note above. 477,  Interrelated Power Delivery Controls, Including Engine Control,   for interrelated control between a motor and a transmission, clutch, or brake. See (1) Note above.

10	Reversible drive mechanism:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 9.  Subject matter in which the means driven by the motor is adapted to drive a load shaft or device in a forward and in a reverse direction without reversing the direction of operation of the motor. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 74,  Machine Element or Mechanism,   subclasses 202 , 355, 361, 376+, 404, and other appropriate subclasses for reversing gearing, and also "Mechanical movement" subclasses involving oscillating or reciprocating motions. 192,  Clutches and Power-Stop Control,   subclass 21 for the combination of a clutch and a reversing gear. 474,  Endless Belt Power Transmission Systems and Components,   subclasses 1+ for control for forward and reverse in an endless belt power transmission. 475,  Planetary Gear Transmission Systems or Components,   appropriate subclasses for reversing gearing in planetary transmissions. 476,  Friction Gear Transmission Systems or Components,   subclasses 15+ for friction gear transmissions having a forward and reverse feature.

11	Variable speed mechanism:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 9.  Subject matter in which the transmitting mechanism is adapted to drive a load device at two or more speeds for a given single speed of the electric motor. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 8, for variable speed power or motion transmitting mechanism (differential gearing) driven by plural diverse or diversely controlled electric motors, as by driving two input shafts, to obtain a variable speed of the output shaft of the gearing. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 74,  Machine Element or Mechanism,   appropriate subclasses for the particular mechanical variable speed transmission device, per se. 310,  Electrical Generator or Motor Structure,   subclasses 92+ for variable speed magnetic-field type clutch driven by electric or other motors. 474,  Endless Belt Power Transmission Systems or Components,   appropriate subclasses for a variable speed endless belt power transmission. 475,  Planetary Gear Transmission Systems or Components,   appropriate subclasses for variable speed gearing in planetary transmission.

12	Gearing:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 11.  Subject matter in which the variable speed transmission is mechanical gearing provided with means for producing two or more output speeds when the input or receiving element thereof is being driven at a single speed. (1) Note. For a definition of "mechanical gearing", see (1) Note under subclass 15, hereinafter. (2) Note. See the combination of an electric motor system of the type classifiable in the class definition, for a reference to the electric motor driven gearing in this class. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 15, for miscellaneous electric motor driven mechanical gearing within the class definition. See Note 1 above. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 74,  Machine Element or Mechanism,   subclasses 640+ for the structure of the variable speed gearing, per se. 310,  Electrical Generator or Motor Structure,   subclass 83 for gear drives for electrical generators or motors. 475,  Planetary Gear Transmission Systems or Components,   appropriate subclasses for variable speed planetary gearing.

13	Differential type:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 12.  Subject matter in which the variable speed gearing is a differential gearing with means for varying the output speed of the gearing when the speed of the driving electric motor is at a predetermined single value. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 8, for this subject matter where the differential gearing is driven by plural, diverse, or diversely controlled electric motors.

14	Motion-converting mechanism:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 9.  Subject matter in which the power transmitting mechanism is a device which receives a force or motion from an electric motor having one type or kind of motion (i.e., rotary, linear, etc.) and delivers the force or motion by an element of the device which moves with a different type or kind of motion (i.e., linear, reciprocating, rotary, etc.). SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 74,  Machine Element or Mechanism,   subclasses under "Mechanical Movements" beginning with subclass 20 for details of the motion converting mechanism, per se. 310,  Electrical Generator or Motor Structure,   subclasses 80+ for motion converting drive mechanism for an electric motor and subclasses 92+ for magnetically energized motion converting means.

15	Mechanical gearing:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 9.  Subject matter in which the power transmitting mechanism is a mechanical gearing or gear. (1) Note. For purposes of this class, "Mechanical Gearing" is described as a device comprising two or more relatively rotatable solid bodies each provided with interengaging elements or frictional contact surfaces whereby one or more of the relatively rotating bodies, operating in rolling contact with another of said bodies, will transmit to or receive force or motion from said other body by virtue of such rolling contact. This includes belt gearing. Also a "gear" is described as one of the relatively rotating bodies in the preceding paragraph. (2) Note. See the combination of an electric motor system of the type classifiable, for a reference to the electric motor driven gearing in this class. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 8, for mechanical gearing driven by plural diverse or diversely controlled electric motors. 10, for electric motor driven reversible gearing. 12, for electric motor driven variable speed gearing. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 74,  Machine Element or Mechanism,   for gearing, per se. 310,  Electrical Generator or Motor Structure,   subclass 83 for gear drives for electric motors. 474,  Endless Belt Power Transmission Systems or Components,   appropriate subclasses for an endless belt power transmission. 475,  Planetary Gear Transmission Systems or Components,   for planetary gearing, per se.

16	SUPPLIED OR CONTROLLED BY SPACE-TRANSMITTED ELECTROMAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC ENERGY (E.G., BY RADIO):
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Subject matter in which the electric motor is supplied with and/or controlled by electric space-transmitted electromagnetic or electrostatic energy. (e.g., radio energy). (1) Note. Unitary or structurally organized devices commonly known as electromagnets, electric motors, electrostatic motors, etc., in which an air gap or a displaceable dielectric or nonmagnetic substance is present and across which electromagnetic or electrostatic lines of force extend to an armature thereof, are not included in the above recited means. (2) Note. The magnitude of the distance between the transmitter of energy or signals and the receiver is not critical since they may be separated merely by a thin membrane, a wall between rooms, or miles between stations. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 480, and the subclasses specified in the Notes to the definition of that subclass for motor systems within the class definition which are controlled by radiant energy, other than electromagnetic or electrostatic energy. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 191,  Electricity: Transmission to Vehicles,   subclass 10 for electrical transmission to vehicles by magnetic induction. 244,  Aeronautics and Astronautics,   subclasses 175+ is the generic subclass for systems and apparatus for automatically controlling the steering of a mobile device in two or three dimensions by electrical means, including such control systems which utilize radiant energy. See the Notes to the definition of that subclass for the other classes which provide for systems and apparatus for the control of the steering or motion of mobile devices and for a statement as to the lines between the classes. 334,  Tuners,   subclass 9 for a remote controlled variable tuner having an electromagnetic operator. 340,  Communications: Electrical,   subclasses 12.22 , 12.5-12.53, and 13.24-13.26 are the generic subclasses for systems for the control of apparatus and devices at a distance by means of radio wave energy. 342,  Communications: Directive Radio Wave Systems and Devices (e.g., Radar, Radio Navigation),   subclasses 61+ for radio wave signal control if reflected or otherwise returned (e.g., radar) energy is utilized; subclasses 422+ provides for direction finding receivers having movable antennas which are orientated in the direction of the received signal by means of an electric motor system. See the search notes in Class 342 for other subclasses and classes which provide for radiant energy systems for controlling apparatus and devices.

17	PORTABLE-MOUNTED MOTOR AND/OR PORTABLE-MOUNTED ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS THEREFOR:
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Subject matter in which means are provided for portably supporting an electric motor or the electrical system of supply and/or control therefor, the supporting means being particularly adapted for moving the motor or the system from one place to a different place. (1) Note. By way of example only, the following means are illustrative of portably-supporting means included in this subclass: runners or skids, wheels or rollers, drags or "stone-boats", floating devices or boats, vehicle, airplane, lighter-than-aircraft, etc. (2) Note. Where the motor is limited to actuating means which propel the supporting means therefor, classification is not in this class but in motor vehicles or in some other appropriate class except in those instances where the combination is nominal and is classified on basis of subcombination elsewhere in this class. (3) Note. Handles, hooks, eyes, etc., connected to, attached, or built-in a motor are not considered as portably mounting means. (4) Note. Electric motors with means for adjustable positioning the motor on an otherwise fixed support for the purpose of alignment, levelling, belt-tightening, etc., are not included herein. (5) Note. See the classes listed under "Search Class" in the class definition for other classes which provide for portably mounted electric motors or portable systems for electric motors. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 310,  Electrical Generator or Motor Structure,   subclass 47 for portable or hand held rotary magnetic motors and subclass 50 for portable rotary electric motors.

34	PLURAL, DIVERSE OR DIVERSELY CONTROLLED ELECTRIC MOTORS:
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Subject matter in which there are two or more electric motors forming the ultimate load on the system of which one or more thereof are: (1) Substantially structurally different than, or (2) Supplied by substantially different sources of electrical supply than, or (3) Controlled substantially differently than one or more others of the motors. (1) Note. For example only, it is interpreted that: (1) Motors differ structurally when they are different in size, capacity, structural details, etc.; (2) Motors are supplied by different sources of supply when the sources differ (a) in kind or type (e.g., AC and DC, generators and electrical converters, different types of electrical converters, different types of generators, etc.) or (b) when the sources differ in size or capacity, or in magnitude of an electrical characteristic thereof, such for example as frequency, voltage; (3) Motors are controlled differently when they are controlled at different times, in different degrees or magnitude, by different control means, by control means in different motor circuits, etc. (2) Note. When the system of supply and control is not limited as above, that is, when the motors are controlled as a unit, classification will be in the subclasses with single motors. (3) Note. The several motors must have a useful output severally and individually (i.e., they must be "work" motors). When a motor merely actuates a control element for controlling another motor, such motor is not a useful output or work motor such as is classified herein. (4) Note. Plural motors implies the existence of two distinct motors. Two distinct motors may be encased in a common housing, be intricately interfitting, or mounted on a common base. However, each must have its distinct field structure and its distinct primary or armature structure, and each must be magnetically distinct, from the other. A motor element having a common field structure, a common field flux or a common path for the field flux, even though excited by separate windings fed from each armature and two separate armature structures, is not considered a plural motor device. Likewise, a common armature with separate windings supplied by different sources, but in which the fluxes traverse common parts or paths is not a plural motor device. (5) Note. Motor systems having a plurality of motors, one or more of which run at a constant speed or are not provided with any significant motor control means, and only one of the motors being provided with significant control means, are not classified in subclasses 34+, but will be found in the subclasses below which provide for the control system for the single motor which is controlled. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 5, for this subject matter where two or more motors drive plural particular load devices. 7, for this subject matter where the plural motors control the tension or tautness of a material being driven or moved by the motors. 8, for this subject matter where two or more motors drive a particular load device. 19, for this subject matter where the system has two or more follow-up motors. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 60,  Power Plants,   subclasses 698+ for plural motors in general, including the combination of an electrical motor and a nonelectrical motor. See the search notes in the definition of subclass 698 of Class 60 for a listing of plural motor subclasses. 91,  Motors: Expansible Chamber Type,   subclasses 165+ and 508+ for plural expansible chamber motors. 290,  Prime-Mover Dynamo Plants,   subclass 4 for electric generation systems having two or more prime movers, at least one of which is a nonelectric prime mover, for actuating a generator or generators. 310,  Electrical Generator or Motor Structure,   subclasses 112+ for plural rotary dynamo-electric units electrically distinct but structurally united; subclasses 114+ for rotary electric motors or generators having plural rotors; subclasses 127+ for electric motors having two or more commutator and/or sets of slip rings.

35	Motors with diverse motions (e.g., reciprocating and rotary motors):
	This subclass is indented under subclass 34.  Subject matter in which there are one or more motors having one kind of driving or output motion (e.g., rotary motion) and one or more other motors having another king of output or driving motion (e.g., linear motion) and wherein the motors are each adapted to drive or actuate a useful load device separately or in common.

37	Plural reciprocating or oscillating motors:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 34.  Subject matter in which two or more of the diverse or diversely controlled motors are reciprocating or oscillating motors. (1) Note. See Reciprocating or Oscillating Motor, for the definition of a "reciprocating or oscillating" motor. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 119+, for miscellaneous reciprocating or oscillating motor systems in this class. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 310,  Electrical Generator or Motor Structure,   subclasses 15+ for reciprocating motors and subclass 36 for oscillating motors.

38	Plural linear-movement motors:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 34.  Subject matter in which two or more of the diverse or diversely controlled motors are linear-movement motors. (1) Note. For the definition of "linear-movement motors", see Linear Movement Motors. of the class definition. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 135, for miscellaneous linear-movement motors in this class. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 310,  Electrical Generator or Motor Structure,   subclasses 12.01 through 12.33for a linear motor, per se.

39	Work and feed motors (e.g., indexing):
	This subclass is indented under subclass 34.  Subject matter in which one or more electric motors, hereinafter referred to as "work" motors, are arranged to actuate means for producing relative motion between: (1) a thing to be treated, traversed or operated on, hereinafter referred to as the "work", and (2), a tool, or traversing or operating mechanism, hereinafter referred to as the "tool", the tool being adapted to perform some work or operation on or with respect to the work, combined with one or more other electric motors, hereinafter referred to as the "feed" or "indexing" motors, arranged to control; (3) the rate of feed of the "work" to the "tool" or vice versa, or (4) the position of the "tool", spacially or angularly, relative to the path of movement of the work or the tool whichever is driven by the work motor. (1) Note. In accordance with the class definition, when the work and feed motor combination is limited to actuating particular driven devices, classification will not be in this subclass (39) but will be classified in some other class. See Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class. Inclusion of the devices operated by the motors by name only, such as a "reciprocating table", or "a carriage", a "movable tool holder" where no significant structure of the machine operated by the motors, will not be sufficient to exclude the patent from this subclass. When, however, the motors are claimed as being related as work and feed or indexing motors with respect to each other and their operations are related to each other, classification will be in this subclass. Designation of the motors as "work" and "feed" or "indexing" motors is sufficient basis for classification herein. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 3+, for motor systems having particular load devices, see subclass 4 where the motors drive a plurality of load devices, and subclass 8 for plural motor drives for a single particular load device. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 29,  Metal Working,   work and feed motor arrangements are found throughout the class, particularly note subclasses 33+ for combined machines employing work and feed motor combinations. 408,  Cutting by Use of Rotating Axially Moving Tool,   subclasses 5+ , 8+ and 14+ for the combination of a drilling machine of that class type with a control means actuated by an external stimulus. 409,  Gear Cutting, Milling, or Planing,   especially subclasses 10+ , 50+, 75+, 79+, 183+, 185+, 332, and 339+ for a work feed motor arrangement in combination with a gear cutting machine. 451,  Abrading,   cork and feed motor arrangements are found throughout the class, most being found in subclasses 1+ , 294, and 331+.

40	Motor biased against rotation:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 34.  Subject matter in which means, other than an electric motor, are provided for causing the rotary work-element of one or more of the electric motors to tend to return to a previously occupied position when moved therefrom as a result of energization of the motor. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 119+, for motor systems having reciprocating or oscillating motors which are biassed to cause the movable element of the motor to move in one direction of the reciprocating movement. 159+, for miscellaneous motor systems having a motor which is biassed against rotation. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 74,  Machine Element or Mechanism,   subclass 470 for resiliently connected levers and linkage systems. 267,  Spring Devices,   for structure of spring devices, per se. 310,  Electrical Generator or Motor Structure,   subclasses 15+ for the structure of reciprocating motors having biasing means for causing the movable element to move in one direction of the reciprocating movement. 324,  Electricity: Measuring and Testing,   subclass 131 for electric meters having biased pointers or indicators.

41	Having electrical synchronizing interconnections:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 34.  Subject matter in which means are provided for electrically interconnecting the winding of an electric motor to the winding of another electric motor, or for electrically interconnecting a winding on an auxiliary dynamo-electric machine connected to the rotor of an electric motor to the winding of an auxiliary dynamo-electric machine connected to the rotor of another electric motor; said interconnections being so arranged that when the two electric motors operate at predetermined relative speeds and/or phase relationships substantially no current flows in said interconnections, but that when said relative speeds or phase relationship depart from said relationships current flow occurs in the interconnection in a direction which tends to restore the said speed and/or phase relationships between the motors. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 24, and 30, for follow-up electric motor systems of the synchronous type in which the transmitter (a dynamo-electric machine) is electrically interconnected with the receiver (an electric motor) and in which movement of one machine tends to cause intercirculating currents to flow resulting in a tendency toward synchronous movement therewith of the other dynamo-electric machine. 45, for mechanically interconnected electric motors. 68, for miscellaneous plural motor systems having means for controlling the relative speeds of the motor. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 60,  Power Plants,   subclass 702 for synchronizing arrangements for nonelectric motors. 348,  Television,   subclasses 500+ for television systems having synchronizing systems for synchronizing motors at the transmitting and receiving stations with respect to each other. 358,  Facsimile and Static Presentation Processing,   subclasses 409 through 424for facsimile systems having synchronizing systems for synchronizing motors at the transmitting and receiving stations with respect to each other. 370,  Multiplex Communications,   subclasses 303+ for a multiplexing system having a rotary distributing switch at the transmitting and receiving stations. 375,  Pulse or Digital Communications,   subclasses 354+ for synchronizing systems for digital communications in general. 416,  Fluid Reaction Surfaces (i.e., Impellers),   subclass 34 for plural impellers having synchronizing means.

42	Between windings on auxiliary dynamo-electric machines:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 41.  Subject matter in which an auxiliary dynamo-electric machine is connected to the rotors of each of two or more electric motors, and the synchronizing interconnections are connected between the windings on the auxiliary dynamo-electric machines. (1) Note. These dynamo-electric machines normally operate as generators when the motors are operated at a predetermined speed and/or phase relationship and develop voltages that are substantially equal and in opposition to each other. When, the predetermined speed and/or phase relationships do not exist the magnitude or the phase of the opposing voltages is such as to cause one of the dynamo-electric machines to supply electric energy to the other, the delivering dynamo-electric machine thereby tending to load and hence reduce the speed of the motor to which it is connected and the receiving dynamo-electric machine tending to aid the electric motor to which it is connected and, hence, to tend to increase the speed thereof whereby the two motors are subjected to forces tending to restore the predetermined speed and/or phase relationship therebetween. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 71, for two or more motors each driving a tachometer generator the armature circuits of which are connected in series opposition with each other and also in series with some electric current responsive device to detect current flow in the circuits of the interconnected generators and as a result initiate changes in the relative speeds of the motors. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 307,  Electrical Transmission or Interconnection Systems,   subclass 32 for electrical systems in which two or more load circuits have control means for proportioning or dividing the total load therebetween; subclass 84 for parallel generators which supply energy to a useful load.

43	D.C. or A.C. commutator motors with slip rings:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 41.  Subject matter in which each of the interconnected motors is either a direct-current motor or an alternating current motor having both a commutator and one or more slip rings, the synchronizing interconnections being connected to the slip rings. (1) Note. See Alternating-Current Commutating Motor, for a definition of an "alternating current commutator" motor.

44	Between induction motor secondaries:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 41.  Subject matter in which two or more of the motors are induction motors, the interconnections being made between the secondaries (induced windings). SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 818+, for controlling induction motors by controlling the secondary circuit thereof.

45	Mechanically coupled in fixed ratio of movement:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 34.  Subject matter in which means are provided for coupling, mechanically, the driving or output members of two or more motors in a fixed or predetermined ratio of movement. (1) Note. Where one motor is connected to actuate an element of a second motor which element is not the working or output member of the second motor, classification is not in this subclass or subclasses indented hereunder but in some other appropriate subclass. (2) Note. The following coupled motors are included in this subclass: (1) two motors rigidly and directly connected to a common load shaft whether in a common or separate housing so long as each of the motor units is a distinct unit capable of operating by itself; (2) two or more motors coupled together through a variable speed gearing which is adjustable to effect different coupling or speed ratios between the motors but when adjusted to any particular ratio, does not permit the motors to operate at any other ratio of speeds; (3) two or more motors positively but resiliently, connected to a common load shaft so that each motor is capable of slight movement relative to its shaft but further movement in the same direction is inhibited; (4) Two or more motors geared to a common load. (3) Note. The following motors are not included in this subclass: (1) Two or more motors connected to a common load by any means where slippage or racing of one motor may occur relative to another; such, for example, as two motors driving separate wheels of a vehicle which wheels are not positively geared or linked together by a means other than the common smooth rail or roadbed. See subclass 52 for this subject matter. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 52, see Note 3 above. 137, for motor systems which include an auxiliary motor for producing mechanical torque on the principal during starting or acceleration periods only. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 105,  Railway Rolling Stock,   subclasses 49+ for multiple motored electric locomotives the several wheels or axles of which may be mechanically interconnected by means of parallel or side rods. 192,  Clutches and Power-Stop Control,   subclass .02 for two motors coupled through a clutch.

46	Motors having unlike operating characteristics:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 45.  Subject matter in which one or more of the motors have electrical or mechanical characteristics which are different than the corresponding characteristic of one or more others of the motors. (1) Note. For example, two motors having materially different speed-torque characteristics are included herein.

47	Synchronous and nonsynchronous motors:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 46.  Subject matter in which one or more of the motors is a synchronous motor and one or more others of the motors is a non-synchronous motor. (1) Note. For a definition of a synchronous motor, see Synchronous Motor, of the class definition.

48	Mechanically coupled in torque opposition:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 45.  Subject matter in which one or more of the motors are connected to a rotary member so as to exert a torque therein in one direction and one or more others of the motors are connected to the same rotary member so as to exert torque therein in the opposite direction (either simultaneously or otherwise). (1) Note. Usually, where the torque is applied simultaneously, the shaft is turned in one direction by the motor generating the largest torque.

49	Motors electrically connected in cascade or tandem:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 34.  Subject matter in which there are one or more motors adapted to be connected to one or more sources of electric energy to convert part of the energy into mechanical energy and part into electrical energy and in which there are one or more other motors combined with means for supplying the last named motors with the converted electrical energy. (1) Note. Arrangements within the definition of this subclass include: (1) a wound-secondary induction motor in the secondary circuit of which is connected the primary or armature windings of another AC motor, both motors, being adapted to perform useful work; (2) A direct current motor adapted to perform useful work and in addition thereto driving a d-c generator the output of which is supplied to another electric motor. (2) Note. Means may be provided for also connecting the same motors in other relations with each other. For example the circuit may be arranged so that the motors may be connected in cascade, or in series or in parallel. (3) Note. For cascade arrangements the armatures of the several motors may not be connected conductively in series; that is, the same current may not pass through one motor and then be conducted on to another motor electrically in series with said one motor. Usually, the armature of one motor is connected to the secondary of another (induction) motor. The s:graphic in this Note may be considered to depict plural motors with separate sources of supply, also they may be considered to be electrically in series. (4) Note. When electric energy is led to one machine which may be referred to as a "motor" but which serves only to convert electrical energy and to supply the converted energy to a motor which has a mechanical energy output, the first machine is merely considered a converter and not a motor. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 45+, for this subject matter where two or more cascade connected motors are mechanically coupled together in a fixed or predetermined ratio of movement. 731+, for doubly fed induction motor systems e.g., where both the primary and secondary windings of the motor are connected to sources of electric energy.

50	With means for effecting other motor interconnections:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 49.  Subject matter in which means are provided for connecting the motors in electrical relationship with each other in other than cascade or tandem relation. (1) Note. For example, the system may be arranged so that the motors may be connected in cascade or tandem, or in series, or in parallel.

51	Plural, diverse motor controls for different motors:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 34.  Subject matter in which means are provided for controlling one or more motors to effect one operational control thereof and for controlling one or more other motors to effect a different operational control thereof. (1) Note. This subclass is designed to include systems in which the controls for different motors (which may be of the same type) differ from each other; i.e., substantially the same operational control is not exercised over all motors. The same kind or type of control applied to different motors merely at different times is not included herein. For example, see subclass 67 for plural motor systems where means are provided for running one motor at a different speed from another, and subclass 91 for plural motor systems having means to accelerate or decelerate the motors in succession or selectively. (2) Note. For example, means may be provided for controlling the running speed only of one motor and for controlling the rate of acceleration only of another motor whether at the same or different times. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 35, for plural motor systems where one motor has a different type of motion from the motion of another motor (rotary motor and reciprocating motor). 39+, for work and feed or indexing motor combinations involving different controls for different motors. 53, for plural motor systems where the system includes means for effecting two or more diverse operations of the motors (reversing, running speed control, braking, acceleration, deceleration, automatic stopping or starting) the control operations being effected upon all the motors, either simultaneously or in sequence. 67, see Note 1 above. 91, see Note 1 above.

52	Slipping and/or racing control for electric motors:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 34.  Subject matter in which means are provided for reducing the speed of, or reducing the electrical power input to, one or more electric motors when one or more of the electric motors is slipping or racing while operating as a motor. (1) Note. This subclass includes means which sense: (1) A sudden increase in speed (that is, a high rate of change of speed) of one or more electric motors, or (2) A speed of one or more electric motors the speed of which is considerably in excess of normal or rated speed thereof, or (3) A substantial change in the relative speeds of two or more motors connected to operate a common load device or physically interconnected load devices so that the motors normally tend to operate at a predetermined ratio of speeds and effects a reduction in speed of one or more of the motors when the above speed conditions exist. (2) Note. "Slipping" usually occurs when the motor fails to drive its load, through failure of the mechanical connection between the motor and load, and thereby increases its speed due to a lack of load on the motor. An example of slipping is the case of a traction motor driving a wheel, the wheel may fail to grip the rail or road bed and "spin", thereby reducing the load on the motor. (3) Note. Where the control means affects the operation at all speeds loads such as maintaining the speed of or load on the motor or motors constant, or maintaining a predetermined load division between several motors, classification is not in this subclass, but is classified herein below in the appropriate subclasses. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 68+, for plural motor systems having relative running speed control of plural motors. 98+, for plural motor systems having loads or currents division between two or more motors.

53	Plural, diverse motor controls:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 34.  Subject matter in which means are provided for effecting two or more diverse operations of two or more motors. (1) Note. Combinations of the following single operations are included in this subclass: (a) Reversing control, (b) Acceleration control; (c) Running-speed control; (d) Braking control; (e) Motor Load control; (f) Automatic stopping and/or starting. The following are not considered to be a single operation such as when combined with only one of the operations in (a) to (f) or with each other form plural diverse motor-operation control for classification in these subclasses: (1) Phase or Power Factor control; (2) Temperature control of the motor; (3) Signalling, Testing, Indicating or measuring conditions in the motor or its system; (4) Ordinary (manual) stopping and/or starting; (5) Phase splitting or phase conversion to supply the motor; (6) Lubricating the motor. For example, operation (a) with any one or more of operations (1) to (6) are not classified in these subclasses. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 51, for this subject matter where the system includes plural motors in which one or more of the motors is controlled differently than one or more of the others. 67, for plural motor systems where the system includes means for running one of the motors at a different speed from the speed of another motor. 255+, for motor systems having plural, diverse motor operations control the single electric motors.

54	Motor-reversing:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 53.  Subject matter in which one of the control means is a means for reversing the motors. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 65+, for plural motor systems having means for controlling the reversing of the motors. 256+, for single motor systems having control means for reversing the motor.

55	With running-speed control:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 54.  Subject matter in which means are provided for also controlling the running-speed of the motors. (1) Note. When the means which is used for controlling the acceleration and/or deceleration of the motors is also used for controlling the running speed of the motors, no other running-speed control means being claimed, classification will be in an appropriate subclass which includes acceleration control. See subclasses 58, 61, 64 below. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 59+, and the subclasses specified in the search Notes thereto for other plural motor systems having means for running-speed control of plural motors, and another means for a different motor control operation. 64, and the subclasses specified in the Notes to the definition of that subclass for other plural motor systems having means for controlling the acceleration of the motor and means for performing a different type of motor control operation. See Note (1) above. 257+, for single motor systems having the combination of reversing and running-speed controls.

56	And braking:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 55.  Subject matter in which means are also provided for controlling the motors by braking the same. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 63, and the subclasses specified in the search Notes thereto, for other plural motor systems having controls of plural motors including braking thereof and another diverse type of operation. 258+, for single motor systems having means for the combined reversing, running-speed control and braking.

57	And braking:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 54.  Subject matter in which means are also provided for controlling the motors by braking. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 56, for this subject matter where the system includes means for reversing and braking with running-speed control of the plural motors. 63, and the subclasses specified in the search Notes thereto, for other plural motor systems having means for controlling the braking and another different type of operation of the motor. 258+, and 261+, for the single motor systems having control means for reversing and braking the motor.

58	And acceleration control:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 54.  Subject matter in which means are provided for also controlling the rate of the motors acceleration and or deceleration. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 64, and the subclasses specified in the Notes thereto, for plural motor systems having means for controlling the acceleration and/or deceleration of the motors and means for performing a different motor control operation. 259, and 260, for single motor systems having means for the reversing and acceleration and/or deceleration of the motor.

59	Running-speed control:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 53.  Subject matter in which means are provided for controlling the running speed of the motors in addition to one or more other motor operations. (1) Note. Where the same means which is used for controlling the acceleration and/or deceleration of the motors is also used to control the running speed of the motors, no other running speed control being claimed, classification will not be herein but in the appropriate acceleration subclass. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 64, and the subclasses specified in the definition of that subclass for plural motor systems having means for controlling the acceleration of the motor and for performing another motor control operation. 66+, for plural motor systems having means for controlling the running speeds of the motors. 101+, for this subject matter where the system includes running-speed control and reversing control. 268, for single motor systems which have means for controlling the running speed of the motor and having means for performing another control operation.

60	And braking:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 59.  Subject matter in which means are also provided for braking the motors. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 56, for this subject matter where the system includes means to control the running-speed, the braking and reversing. 63, and the subclasses specified in the Notes thereto for plural motor systems having means for controlling the braking of the motors and for performing another control operation. 269+, and the subclasses specified in the search Notes thereto for single motor systems having combined running speed control and braking control.

61	And acceleration control:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 59.  Subject matter in which means are provided for also controlling the acceleration and/or deceleration of the motors. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 55+, for this subject matter where the system includes means to control the running speed, acceleration and/or deceleration and reversing and with or without braking control of plural motors. 58, for this subject matter where the system includes means to control the acceleration and/or deceleration and reversing. 64, and the subclasses specified in the Notes to the definition of that subclass for other plural motor systems having means to control the acceleration and/or deceleration and to perform a different motor control operation. 271, and the subclasses specified in the search Notes thereto, for combined running speed and acceleration and/or deceleration controls of single motors.

62	And automatic starting and/or stopping and/or with time delay:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 59.  Subject matter in which means are also provided for automatically starting and/or stopping the motors in response to one or more predetermined conditions and/or with means to effect a predetermined time delay in one or more operational controls of the motors. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 101, for plural motor systems having means for controlling the starting and/or stopping of the motor. 272, for single motor systems having combined running speed control and automatic starting and/or stopping for single motors.

63	Braking:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 53.  Subject matter in which means are provided for braking the motors in addition to one or more other operational controls of the motors. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 56, for this subject matter where the system includes means for braking, controlling the running speed and reversing. 57, for this subject matter where the motor system includes means for braking and reversing. 60, for this subject matter where the motor system includes means for braking and controlling the running speed. 273, and the subclasses specified in the Search Notes thereto for single motor systems having braking control combined with other motor-operation-controls.

64	Acceleration control:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 53.  Subject matter in which means are provided for controlling the rate of acceleration and/or deceleration of the motors. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 55, for this subject matter where the system includes means to control the acceleration and/or deceleration, the running speed and reversing. 58, for this subject matter where the system includes means to control the acceleration and/or deceleration and reversing. 61, for this subject matter where the system includes means to control the acceleration and/or deceleration and the running speed. 63, for this subject matter where the system also includes means to control the braking. 90+, for plural motor systems provided with means for controlling the acceleration and/or deceleration of the motors. 276, and the subclasses specified in the Search Notes thereto, for single motor systems having acceleration and deceleration control combined with other motor operational controls.

65	Motor-reversing:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 34.  Subject matter in which means are provided for causing two or more electric motors to operate in one direction at one time and in a reverse direction at another time. (1) Note. Reversing the motor connections or reversing the application of power to the motors while running, and terminating the application of power to the motors prior to or substantially at the time when the speed of the motors approach zero speed is not included herein but is classified under braking. See subclasses 86+, for braking control for plural motors. There must be a substantial operation of the motors in a reverse direction to be classified herein. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 54+, for this subject matter where the system has means for reversing and performing a different control of plural motors. 86+, see Note (1) above. 280+, and the subclasses specified in the Notes to the definition for single motor systems with reversing control. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 307,  Electrical Transmission or Interconnection Systems,   subclass 127 for switching systems which respond to a reverse polarity. 320,  Electricity: Battery or Capacitor Charging or Discharging,   appropriate subclasses, especially Digest 15, for polarity control in a battery or capacitor charging or discharging system. 322,  Electricity: Single Generator Systems,   subclasses 5+ for generator polarity control.

66	Running-speed control:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 34.  Subject matter in which means are provided for controlling the running speed of two or more electric motors. (1) Note. Where the same means which is used to control the acceleration and/or deceleration of the motor is also used to control the running speed of the motors, no other running control means being claimed, classification will not be herein but in the more appropriate acceleration subclass. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 59+, and the subclasses specified in the Notes to the definition of those subclasses for this subject matter where the system includes means for running speed control and another different type of motor control. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 307,  Electrical Transmission or Interconnection Systems,   subclasses 53+ for load current division among a plurality of generators, frequently by control of their running speed. 388,  Electricity: Motor Control Systems,   subclasses 800+ and 825+ for single motor running-speed control systems with, and without, feedback, respectively.

67	Diverse speeds for different motors:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 66.  Subject matter in which means are provided for running one or more motors at one speed and one or more other motors at another speed simultaneously. (1) Note. At times, all the motors may be run at the same speed. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 39, for work and feed or indexing motor control systems in which the work and feed motor may operate at different speeds.

68	Relative motor speed control:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 66.  Subject matter in which means are provided for controlling or regulating the speed of one or more electric motors relative to the speed of one or more other electric motors. (1) Note. This or the indented subclasses do not include systems where the running speed of all the motors is controlled as a group. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 41+, for this subject matter where there are electrical synchronizing connections between a plurality of motors so that when the speed of one motor changes with respect to another motor, one of the motors will act either as a prime mover for a generator or as a generator to supply electric energy to the other motor. 45+, for plural motor systems where the motors have the driving members coupled mechanically together. 52, for this subject matter where means are provided for reducing the speed of or reducing the electric energy supplied to a motor when such motor is "slipping" or racing. 90+, for plural motor systems where the acceleration and/or deceleration of one motor may be related to the acceleration and/or deceleration of another motor. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 60,  Power Plants,   subclass 700 for plural motors of other types in which the speed of one or more motors may be controlled with reference to the speed of one or more other motors. 91,  Motors: Expansible Chamber Type,   subclasses 511+ for controlling one expansible chamber motor in response to a condition of another. 290,  Prime-Mover Dynamo Plants,   subclass 4 for plural prime movers one of which is nonelectric, driving electric generators in which the speed of one or more prime movers may be controlled relative to speed of one or more other prime movers.

69	With speed-difference detector:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 68.  Subject matter in which means are provided for detecting or sensing a difference in speed between two or more of the motors and for initiating the operation of the means for controlling the relative speeds of the motors. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 73,  Measuring and Testing,   subclass 507 for a device responsive to the difference in speed between two bodies. 322,  Electricity: Single Generator Systems,   subclass 36 for systems wherein the speed of a generator is compared with the speed of a reference device (which might be an electric motor) and means are provided for regulating the speed of the generator relative to the reference device. 388,  Electricity: Motor Control Systems,   subclasses 800+ for single motor running-speed control systems with feedback.

70	Electrical-type detectors:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 69.  Subject matter in which the speed difference detecting or sensing means comprises an electrical device which, per se, generates, converts or controls electrical energy, or is activated thereby. (1) Note. The detecting or sensing means itself must be an electrical device an not merely a nonelectrical device constituting an actuator for an electrical device. For example, an electromagnet having two windings and an armature actuated thereby wherein one winding is energized by current varying with the speed of one motor, the other winding energized by current varying with the speed of another motor and the armature, responsive to the resulting energization of the electromagnet, constitutes an electrical type detector; namely, an electromagnet. However, a differential gearing device, one gear of which is moved at a rate which varies with the speed of one motor, another gear which is moved at a rate varying with the speed of another motor and the output element of the gearing connected to actuate an electric switch is not an example of an electrical detector; but is a mechanical type detector (namely, a differential gear) functioning as an operator for an electrical device; namely, the switch.

71	Voltage and/or current difference detector:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 70.  Subject matter in which each of two or more of the motors is provided with means for generating electrical voltages and/or currents or is provided with means for controlling a separate voltage or current, the detecting or sensing means being operated by the difference in magnitude between the two separately generated or controlled voltages or currents. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 41+, for plural motor systems where there are electrical synchronizing connections between a plurality or the motors.

72	Dynamoelectric machine detector:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 70.  Subject matter in which a dynamoelectric machine is provided for sensing or detecting the difference in speed between two or more motors. (1) Note. A common arrangement of a dynamoelectric machines as a detector comprises connecting the armature structure thereof to one motor and the field structure thereof to another motor with the result that when the motors run at the same speed both parts of the dynamoelectric machine will operate at the same speed and, no e.m.f. will be generated in the machine. When the motors operate at different speeds, the parts of the dynamoelectric machine will have relative motion with respect to each other and will generate an e.m.f. which will have a magnitude which is proportional to the magnitude of the difference in speeds of the two parts of the dynamoelectric machine.

73	Synchronously operated impedance detectors:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 70.  Subject matter in which the detector comprises an impedance device having one or more parts driven synchronously with one or more motors and one or more other parts of the impedance driven synchronously with one or more other motors; or one or more parts of an impedance is actuated synchronously with one or more motors and one or more parts of another impedance device is actuated synchronously with one or more other motors.

74	Synchronously actuated switch detectors:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 70.  Subject matter in which the detector comprises one or more electric switches one or more parts of which switches are operated synchronously with one or more motors and one or more other parts of the switches are operated synchronously with one or more other motors.

75	Plural switches connected in series:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 74.  Subject matter in which the detector comprises two or more electric switches connected electrically in series with each other.

76	Differential-gearing detector:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 69.  Subject matter in which the detector comprises a differential gearing device in which an input element of the gearing is driven by one or more motors another input element is driven by one or more other motors so that the differential or output element of the gearing operates in response to the relative speeds of the motors. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 8, for motor systems in this class having a plurality of motors driving a differential gearing as the load device for the motors. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 475,  Planetary Gear Transmission Systems or Components,   appropriate subclasses for control of plural power sources and for differential planetary gearing, per se.

77	Controlling motor speed in response to speed of another motor:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 68.  Subject matter in which means are provided for controlling the speed of a motor in response to changes in speed of another motor. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 41+, for plural motor systems having synchronizing interconnections between the motors so that one motor may supply energy to another motor when the speed ratio varies.

78	Controlling A.C. frequency or rate of electrical impulses to other motor:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 77.  Subject matter in which means are provided for controlling the speed of said other motor by controlling the frequency of alternating current supplied to said motor or by controlling the rate at which electrical impulses are supplied to said other motor. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 723+, for synchronous motor systems having frequency control of the supply current for the motors. 807+, for induction motor systems having frequency control of the supply of AC to the motor.

79	Control of both armature (or primary) and field (or secondary) circuits:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 68.  Subject matter in which means are provided for controlling the armature (or primary) circuit of one or more of the motors in combination with means for also controlling the field (or secondary) circuit of one or more motors, simultaneously or separately. (1) Note. The armature and field which are controlled may be of the same or different motors. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 82+, for plural motor systems having means for controlling the group speed of plural motors by controlling the armature circuit of the motors. 84, for plural motor systems having means for controlling the group speed of plural motors by controlling the field circuit of the motors. 92, for plural motors systems having acceleration and/or deceleration control by the combined control of the armature and the field circuits. 493, and the subclasses listed in the Search Notes thereto, for miscellaneous motor systems with combined control of the armature and the field circuits.

80	Armature or primary circuit control:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 68.  Subject matter in which means are provided for controlling the armature or primary circuit of one or more of the motors. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 41+, for plural motor systems having synchronizing interconnections between the motors so that the armature of one motor may be supplied with energy from the other motor when the speed ratio varies. 79, for this subject matter where the system includes armature circuit control combined with field circuit control. 82+, for plural motor systems having means for controlling the (group) speed of the plurality of electric motors by controlling the armature or primary circuits. 94+, for plural motor systems having armature circuit control means for controlling the acceleration and/or deceleration of a plurality of electric motors. 494+, and the subclasses specified in the search notes thereto, for motor systems having means for controlling the armature circuits.

81	Field secondary circuit control:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 68.  Subject matter in which means are provided for controlling the field or secondary circuit of one or more of the motors. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 79, for this subject matter where the system includes field or secondary circuit control in combination with armature or primary circuit control. 84, for plural motor systems having field or secondary circuit control for controlling the (group) speed of a plurality of electric motors. 97, for plural motor systems having field circuit control for acceleration and/or deceleration control of the motors. 521+, and the subclasses specified in the search notes thereto, for motor systems having field circuit control means.

82	Armature or primary circuit control:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 66.  Subject matter in which means are provided for controlling the armature or primary circuits of a plurality of motors to control the (group) speed of the motors. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 80, for this subject matter where the armature or primary circuit control is for controlling the relative speed of one motor with respect to another motor. 94, for plural motor systems having armature circuit control for controlling plural motors during the acceleration and/or deceleration of the motors. 494, and the subclasses listed under the search notes thereto, for miscellaneous motor systems having armature circuit control.

83	Series-parallel armature circuit connections:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 82.  Subject matter in which means are provided for connecting the armature conductors or windings of one or more motors in series relationship with the armature conductors or windings of one or more other motors at one time and in parallel relationship therewith at another time; or for connecting the armature conductors or windings of one or more motors in series with the armature conductors or windings of one or more other motors and simultaneously connecting the armature conductors or windings of one or more third motors in parallel with the armature conductors or windings of one or more other motors. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 93, for plural motor systems having series parallel connection of the armature circuits of plural motors during the acceleration thereof. 111, and the subclasses listed in the search notes thereto, for other plural motor systems having series parallel connections of the armature windings. 497, and the subclasses specified in the search notes thereto, for single motor systems having parallel connections of two or more armature or primary windings.

84	Field or secondary circuit control:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 66.  Subject matter in which means are provided for controlling the field circuit or the secondary circuit of two or more motors for controlling the (group) speed of the motors. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 79, for plural motor systems having combined armature and field circuit control for controlling the relative speed between two or more motors. 81, for plural motor systems having fields or secondary circuit control for controlling relative speed between two or more of the motors. 97, for plural motor systems having field or secondary circuit control of two or more motors during the acceleration period thereof. 521+, and the subclasses listed in the search notes thereto, for single motor systems having field circuit control for the motor.

85	Synchronizing or phasing control:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 34.  Subject matter in which means are provided for causing a movable motive element of one or more electric motors to occupy or assume a predetermined relative position or phase with respect to a movable motive element of one or more other electric motors either while stationary or while in motion. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 41+, for plural motor systems having electrical synchronizing interconnections between a plurality of motors for maintaining the motors in substantially constant speed and phase interrelationship. 45+, plural motor systems having a plurality of motors mechanically coupled (e.g., as by a common shaft) in a fixed or predetermined ratio of movement. 52+, for plural motor systems having means for controlling "slipping" or racing of one or more electric motors. 68+, for plural motor systems having speed control systems for controlling the running speed on one or more electric motors relative to the speed of one or more other electric motors including means for maintaining equal speeds and/or the same angular or phase relationships. 437, for single motor systems having means for phasing, or angular or linear positional control, of the motor. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 60,  Power Plants,   subclasses 698+ for means for synchronizing plural motors in general. 178,  Telegraphy,   see the classes referred to in the search notes of subclass 53 for other classes which provide for electrical systems for synchronization of rotary shafts. 307,  Electrical Transmission or Interconnection Systems,   subclasses 85+ for systems for connecting or disconnecting a plurality of previously synchronized generators. 370,  Multiplex Communications,   subclasses 304+ for synchronization of rotary switches in a multiplex system. 375,  Pulse or Digital Communications,   subclasses 354+ for synchronizing systems for pulse communications in general. 416,  Fluid Reaction Surfaces (i.e., Impellers),   subclass 34 for plural impellers having synchronizing means.

86	Braking:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 34.  Subject matter in which means are provided for braking the motors. (1) Note. See Motor Braking Control, of the class definition for a definition of braking control. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 51, for plural motor systems having means for braking one or more motors and means for performing some other operational control to one or more other motors. 63, and the subclasses listed in the search notes thereto, for plural motor systems having means for braking plural motors combined with some other motor operation control for the motors. 362+, and the subclasses listed in the search notes thereto, for single motor systems having means for braking the motors.

87	Motor used as braking generator (dynamic braking):
	This subclass is indented under subclass 86.  Subject matter in which braking is effected by means which cause one or more of the motors to operate as a generator thus retarding the motor and load devices operated thereby. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 375+, and the classes and subclasses listed in the Search Notes thereto, for single motor systems having dynamic braking of the motor.

88	Load or current division during braking:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 87.  Subject matter in which means are provided for controlling the magnitude of the current delivered by one or more of the motors being braked relative to the magnitude of the current delivered by one or more others of the motors being braked. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 51+, for plural motor systems having means for braking one of the motors and means for performing a different control operation upon another motor. 98+, for plural motor systems having means for load or current division between plural motors during motor operation. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 290,  Prime-Mover Dynamo Plants,   appropriate subclasses for load division between nonelectric motor driven generators in general. 307,  Electrical Transmission or Interconnection Systems,   subclass 53 for systems of load current division among a plurality of generators or sources.

89	Motor as exciter for another motor:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 87.  Subject matter in which means are provided for connecting the generating or armature circuit of one or more of the motors to the field or exciting circuit of one or more others of the motors during the braking period to supply the exciting or field current to said other motors.

90	Acceleration control:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 34.  Subject matter in which means are provided for controlling the acceleration and/or deceleration of two or more electric motors. (1) Note. See the class definition, Glossary for a definition of "Acceleration Control". SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 64, and the subclasses specified in the Search Notes thereto, for plural motor systems having means for acceleration and/or deceleration control of two or more motors combined with another motor-operation control for the motors. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 388,  Electricity: Motor Control Systems,   subclasses 842+ and 848+ for single motor acceleration control systems with, and without, feedback, respectively.

91	Accelerating motors in succession or selectively:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 90.  Subject matter in which means are provided for accelerating and/or deceleration of one or more electric motors and subsequently accelerating and/or decelerating one or more other electric motors; or in which means are provided for accelerating and/or decelerating two or more electric motors and with which means one or more of the motors can be accelerated and/or decelerated without accelerating one or more others of the motors. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 102, for plural motor systems having means for sequential or successive starting and/or stopping of two or more motors. 103, for plural motor systems having means for selectively starting and/or stopping one or more electric motors without starting and/or stopping one or more others of the motors.

92	Control of both armature (or primary) and field (or secondary) circuits:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 90.  Subject matter in which means are provided for controlling both the armature (or primary) circuits and the field or (secondary) circuits of the motors. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 79, and 82, for plural motor systems having combined armature (or primary) and field (or secondary) circuit control for running speed control of plural motors. 493, and the subclasses specified in the Search Notes thereto, for miscellaneous motor systems having combined armature (or primary) and field (or secondary) circuits control.

93	Series-parallel connected armature or primary circuits:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 92.  Subject matter in which means are provided for connecting the armature or primary circuits of two or more electric motors in series circuit relationship with respect to each other at one time and in parallel circuit relationship with respect to each other at another time; or for connecting two or more electric motors in parallel circuit relationship with respect to each other and simultaneously two or more motors in series circuit relationship with respect to each other. (1) Note. One of more of the motors in the parallel connected group referred to in the latter part of the above definition may constitute one or more of the motors in the series connected group. For example, a single motor may be connected in series with a group of three motors which three motors are all connected in parallel relationship with respect to one another. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 95, for plural motor systems having means for connecting the motor armatures in series-parallel connections for acceleration and/or deceleration control. 111, and the subclasses listed under the Search Notes thereto, for other plural motor systems having series-parallel arrangements of the plural motors. 497, and the subclasses specified in the Search Notes thereto, for single motor systems having series-parallel connections of two or more armature or primary windings.

94	Armature or primary circuit control:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 90.  Subject matter in which means are provided for controlling the armature or primary circuits of the motors. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 82+, and the subclasses specified in the Notes to the definition of the subclass, for armature or primary circuit control of plural motors during the running speed operation thereof. 92, for this subject matter where the system has armature circuit control combined with field circuit control for acceleration and/or deceleration control. 104, for plural motor systems having armature or primary circuit control of the motors during starting and/or stopping of the motor. 494, and the subclasses specified in the search notes thereto, for single motor systems having armature or primary circuit control of single motors.

95	Series-parallel connections:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 94.  Subject matter in which means are provided for connecting the armature or primary circuits of two or more electric motors in series circuit relationship with respect to each other at one time and in parallel circuit relationship with respect to each other at another time; or for connecting the armature or primary circuits of two or more electric motors in series circuit relationship with respect to one another and simultaneously connecting the armature or primary circuits of two or more motors in parallel circuit relationship with respect to one another. (1) Note. One or more of the motors in the parallel connected group, referred to in the latter part of the above definition, may constitute one or more of the motors in the series connected group. For example, a single motor may be connected in series with a group of three motors which three motors are all connected in parallel relationship with respect to one another. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 93, for this subject matter where means are provided for series parallel connection of the motor armatures combined with motor field control. 111, and the subclasses listed under the Search Notes in the definition of that subclass, for plural motor systems having series parallel arrangements of the motors. 495, and the subclasses specified in the Notes to the definition of that subclass for miscellaneous motor systems having series parallel armature connecting means.

96	With armature circuit impedance:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 95.  Subject matter in which means are provided for providing impedance in the armature or primary circuits of the motors. (1) Note. See Impedance or Impedance Device of the class definition for a definition of "impedance".

97	Field or secondary circuit control:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 90.  Subject matter in which means are provided for controlling the field or secondary circuits of the electric motors. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 84, and the subclasses specified in the Notes to the definition of that subclass for plural motor systems having field circuit control for controlling the running speed of the motors. 100, for plural motor systems having field control for load control of the motors. 521, and the subclasses specified in the Search Notes thereto, for miscellaneous motor systems having field or secondary circuit control.

98	Load control:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 34.  Subject matter in which means are provided for controlling the magnitude of the load which is driven or actuated by the motors, or for otherwise controlling the magnitude or amount of work done by the motors; or for controlling the division of load or current between the motors. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 5, and 8, for plural motor systems having plural motors employed to drive particular load devices, the system including motor load control means particularly in subclass 8 where plural motors drive an ultimate load device through a differential gearing whereby a predetermined ratio of load may be effected on the motors. 7, for plural motor systems where the relative torque on the motors may be controlled to effect a predetermined tension in a material driven or conveyed by the motors. 39, for plural motor systems of the work-and-feed-motor combination type where control of feed-motor may affect load on the work-motor. 41, for plural motor systems where the motors have electrical synchronizing interconnections in which the interconnection may affect the relative loads on the several motors. 45+, for plural motor systems where the armature or work output members of the motors are mechanically interconnected. 52, for plural motor systems having racing or slipping control which may affect the load on or between the several motors. 68+, for plural motor systems having the relative speed control between motors which may affect the load on or between the motors. 88, for plural motor systems having control of the load or current division between several motors during dynamic braking of motors. 101, for mere starting and/or stopping of the motors, 430+, for single motor systems having motor load control during the starting or stopping. 432, for single motor systems having means for maintaining a substantially constant load upon the motor. 434, for single motor systems having means for maintaining the load upon the motor from exceeding predetermined limits or going below a predetermined limit. 474, for single motor systems having automatic control of the motor in response to load conditions.

99	Fixed ratio of load or current division:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 98.  Subject matter in which means are provided for controlling the division of load current so that the ratio of division is or can be maintained at some fixed or predetermined ratio. (1) Note. The means may be adjustable so that the ratio can be varied from one fixed or predetermined value to another. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 88, for plural motor systems having load or current division between motors when acting as generators during dynamic braking. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 307,  Electrical Transmission or Interconnection Systems,   subclass 32 for systems for proportioning the electrical energy supply to a plurality of load circuits and subclass 53 for systems of load division among a plurality of generators or sources.

100	By field or secondary circuit control:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 99.  Subject matter in which means are provided for controlling the field or secondary circuits of the electric motors. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 521+, and the subclasses specified in the Search Notes thereto, for miscellaneous motor circuits having field circuit control means.

101	Starting and/or stopping:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 34.  Subject matter in which means are provided for starting and/or stopping one or more of a group of two or more electric motors. (1) Note. This subclass is a residual subclass for patents relating primarily to starting and/or stopping of electric motors. Starting and/or stopping of electric motors is an incident of, or is combined with many other motor operations controls. For example, when accelerating a motor from rest to its normal running speed the motor is started as a necessary incident; likewise in decelerating, or braking to a condition of inaction, a motor is stopped. Also in reversing, a motor is usually stopped and started in the reverse direction. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 18+, for follow-up systems of electric motor control wherein the motor is started as a result of the movement of the transmitter and stopped as a result of the stoppage of the transmitter. 53, for plural motor systems having automatic starting and/or stopping of plural motors in combination with other motor operations control. 90+, for plural motor systems having starting and/or stopping as a part of the acceleration and/or deceleration control of plural electric motors. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 192,  Clutches and Power-Stop Control,   subclasses 116.5+ for means for terminating the transmission of power to various driven devices.

102	Sequential or successive starting and/or stopping:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 101.  Subject matter in which means are provided for starting or stopping two or more electric motors one after another. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 91, for plural motor systems having means for selectively accelerating and/or decelerating two or more motors one after another.

103	Selective starting and/or stopping:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 101.  Subject matter in which means are provided for starting or stopping one or more electric motors without starting and/or stopping one or more other electric motors. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 91, for plural motor systems having means for accelerating and/or decelerating plural motors, the system being arranged so that one or more motors can be accelerated and/or decelerated without accelerating and/or decelerating another motor.

104	Armature (or primary) circuit control:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 101.  Subject matter in which means are provided in the armature (or primary) circuit for starting and/or stopping the motors. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 494, particularly 519+, for single motor systems having starting and/or stopping control by means of armature circuit control.

105	Plural, diverse or diversely controlled sources of armature (or primary) supply:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 34.  Subject matter in which two or more sources of electrical supply are provided to supply energy to the armature or primary circuits of the motors, one or more of which sources of supply are different in kind, type, degree or magnitude or are differently controlled, with respect to one or more others of the sources. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 440+, and the subclasses specified in the Notes to the definition of that subclass for other systems which comprise plural sources of supply for the armature circuits of motors. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 307,  Electrical Transmission or Interconnection Systems,   subclasses 18+ for systems including a plurality of sources of supply for a plurality of loads, and subclasses 43+ for systems having a plurality of supply circuits or sources. 322,  Electricity: Single Generator Systems,   subclasses 86+ for generators having a field circuit energized from plural sources of supply.

106	Diverse sources:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 105.  Subject matter in which one or more of the sources are substantially different in respect to (1) structure of the sources or (2) the nature or magnitude of an electrical characteristic of the sources, than one or more others of the sources. (1) Note. For example, an internal combustion engine driven dynamo and an electric converter, or a secondary battery and a thermocouple are examples of diverse or unlike sources by virtue of their different structures; while two sources may differ from one another in their nature in that one may be AC and the other DC, or in the magnitude of electrical characteristics such as having different voltages or different frequencies, or different capacities.

107	A.C. and D.C.:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 106.  Subject matter in which the sources comprise one or more AC sources and one or more DC sources. (1) Note. A "pulsating" source is a DC source for purposes of this class. Where, however, a DC source and an AC source are connected to a circuit to produce a pulsating current or voltage in the circuit, classification will be on the basis of plural Sources. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 441, for motor systems having the combination of AC and DC sources for a single motor. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 307,  Electrical Transmission or Interconnection Systems,   subclasses 72+ for systems having a plurality of supply circuits or sources having unlike electrical characteristics.

108	Different voltages:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 107.  Subject matter in which one or more of the sources of supply, supply electric energy at one voltage magnitude and one or more others of the sources supply energy at another magnitude of voltage. (1) Note. Two voltages are of different magnitudes if, at any time during normal operation, one of them has a magnitude substantially different in effective value than the other. Hence, if the magnitude of one of the sources is varied relative to the magnitude of the other so as not to be the same, the two sources are considered to be of different voltages. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 109, for plural motor systems having similar types of sources (e.g., all ac sources or all DC. sources) for the motors in which one or more of the sources differ in voltage magnitude from one or more others of the sources. 442, for motor systems having plural sources of supply for a single motor in which the voltages of the sources differ in magnitude from one another.

109	Different voltages:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 106.  Subject matter in which one or more of the sources differs in magnitude from one or more others of the sources. (1) Note. Two voltages differ in magnitude when at any time one of them has a magnitude which differs in effective value from the magnitude of the other. Hence, if the magnitude of the voltage of one of the sources is varied relative to the magnitude of the voltage of another source, in order to make them different the two sources are considered to be of different magnitudes. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 108, for this subject matter where one of the voltage sources is an ac source and another is a DC source. 442, and the subclasses specified in the Notes to that subclass for motor systems having plural sources of supply for single motor.

110	Different frequencies:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 106.  Subject matter in which one or more of the sources have a different frequency than one or more others of the sources. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 440, and the subclasses specified in the Notes thereto, for motor systems having plural sources of supply for a single motor which sources may differ in frequency.

111	Series-parallel connected motors:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 34.  Subject matter in which means are provided for connecting the armature or primary windings of one or more electric motors in series circuit relationship with the armature or primary windings of one or more other electric motors at one time and in parallel circuit relationship at another time; or for connecting the armature or primary windings of one or more electric motors in series circuit relationship with the armature or primary windings of one or more other electric motors, and simultaneously connecting the armature or primary circuit of one or more electric motors in parallel circuit relationship with the armature of primary circuit of one or more other electric motors. (1) Note. In the simultaneous series parallel relationship set forth in the latter half of the above definition, one or more of the motors connected in the series circuit relationship may constitute one or more of the motors which are connected in the parallel relationship. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 83+, for this subject matter where the series parallel connection of armature of primary circuits of the motors is for running speed control. 84, and 97, for series parallel connections of field windings of plural motors for running speed control and acceleration control, respectively. 93, and 95+, for this subject matter where the series parallel connection of the armature or primary circuits is for acceleration control. 95, see subclass 93 above. 97, see subclass 84 above. 497, and the subclasses specific in the Notes thereto, for motor systems having series parallel connections of plural armature or primary windings of a single electric motor. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 307,  Electrical Transmission or Interconnection Systems,   subclass 37 for plural load circuit systems in which the load circuits may be connected either in a series or parallel relationship, and subclass 71 for systems of plural electrical sources in which the sources may be connected either in a series or parallel relationship. 315,  Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Systems,   subclass 192 and the Search Notes thereto for series parallel connected lamps and space discharge devices. 320,  Electricity: Battery or Capacitor Charging or Discharging,   appropriate subclasses for series or parallel connection of batteries in a system for charging or discharging a battery, especially subclasses 116+ .

112	Parallel connected motors:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 34.  Subject matter in which means are provided for connecting the armature or primary circuits of one or more electric motors in parallel circuit relationship with the armature or primary circuits of one or more other electric motors. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 88, for this subject matter where the armature or primary circuits are connected in parallel for load or current division during braking. 98, for this subject matter where the armature or primary circuits are connected in parallel for load control. 111, for this subject matter where the armature circuits are connected in series at one time and in parallel at another, or where there are parallel connected armature circuits of plural motors and series connected armature circuits of plural motors. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 307,  Electrical Transmission or Interconnection Systems,   subclasses 11+ for systems in which a plurality of loads or load circuits may be connected in parallel, and subclasses 43+ for systems in which a plurality of sources or supply circuits may be connected in parallel. 315,  Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Systems,   subclasses 312+ and the Search Notes thereto for parallel connected lamps and space discharge devices. 320,  Electricity: Battery or Capacitor Charging or Discharging,   appropriate subclasses for series or parallel connection of batteries in a system for charging or discharging a battery, especially subclasses 116+ .

113	Series connected motors:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 34.  Subject matter in which means are provided for connecting the armature or primary circuits of one or more electric motors in series circuit relationship with the armature or primary circuits of one or more other electric motors. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 49+, for motor systems having plural motors electrically connected in cascade or in tandem (that is, where the electrical output of one constitutes the electrical input to another). 111, for plural motor systems in which the armature or primary circuits of a plurality of motors are connected both in series and in parallel. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 315,  Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Systems,   subclasses 185+ and the Search Notes thereto, for plural series-connected-electric lamp and space discharge devices. 320,  Electricity: Battery or Capacitor Charging or Discharging,   appropriate subclasses for series or parallel connection of batteries in a system for charging or discharging a battery, especially subclasses 116+ .

114	IMPACT, MECHANICAL SHOCK, OR VIBRATION-PRODUCING MOTORS:
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Subject matter in which (1) means are provided for actuating one or more parts of an electric motor relative to and into impact or percussive contact with one or more other parts which are either parts of the motor structure or are structurally combined with the motor (i.e., not merely other parts which constitute a device or work piece to be operated on by the motor and to which the motor may be attached or relatively positioned temporarily); or (2) the motor is a shock or vibration producing type of motor the prime or essential function of which motor is to transmit mechanical shock or vibrations to a mechanism or device upon which the motor may be supported or to which the motor may be clamped or otherwise secured. (1) Note. A motor system having electric motor which is limited to having any useful output member other than that for producing impact shock or vibration as defined in parts (1) and (2) above, is not classified herein, but is classified in one of the other appropriate subclasses and cross-referenced to this subclass for the impact, shock or vibration producing feature. (2) Note. The shock or vibration producing motor may be a rotary electric motor in which the rotary element is decidedly unbalanced dynamically so that upon rotation it will produce pronounced reactive forces to cause the motor frame to transmit forces to the support or body with which it may be in contact and, hence, cause shock or vibration in said support or body. For example, mere reciprocating or oscillating motors which may or may not produce impact by the movable motor element, depending on the proximity of the motor having the movable element to the work or device to be operated upon or to be actuated by the motor are not included herein but will be found in subclass 119. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 119, see Note 2 above. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 81,  Tools,   subclasses 463+ and see Notes thereto. 173,  Tool Driving or Impacting,   subclass 117 for an impacting device having a hammer head driven by an electric motor.

115	MOTOR WITH DIVERSE MOTIONS (E.G., ROTARY AND RECIPROCATING):
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Subject matter in which means are provided for giving the working or output member of the motor two or more types of motion either simultaneously or not. (1) Note. For example only, an electric motor which is adapted to rotate and simultaneously reciprocate is included herein. Likewise, a motor designed to rotate while DC is applied to its terminals and reciprocate when pulsating or AC is applied to its terminals is classified herein. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 35, for plural motors systems in which one or more motors has one type of motion another motor has a different type of motion.

116	NONMAGNETIC MOTOR:
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Subject matter which the electric motor converts electric to mechanical energy by means other than magnetic induction. (1) Note. Examples of nonmagnetic motors are piezoelectric crystals, thermal-electric motors, electrostatic motors. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 36, for this subject matter where the system includes a plurality of non-magnetic motors. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 310,  Electrical Generator or Motor Structure,   subclasses 300+ for nondynamoelectric motors, per se.

117	Thermoelectric motor:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 116.  Subject matter in which the motor comprises a member which undergoes substantial changes in shape, position and/or dimensions when heated, and means for electrical heating, the member. (1) Note. When electric current is conducted through the above mentioned member thereby causing the member to become heated, separate heating means are not necessary. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 60,  Power Plants,   subclass 523 for a motor in which a confined unit of mass of gas is heated electrically to produce expansion; subclass 528 for a motor operated by the expansion of a solid mass heated by its resistance to flow of an electrical current; and subclass 513 for a motor operated by the expansion of fluid in an expansible chamber containing an electric heating means. 310,  Electrical Generator or Motor Structure,   subclass 306 for thermal or pyromagnetic electric motors.

118	MAGNETOSTRICTIVE MOTOR:
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Subject matter in which the motor is of the magneto-striction type. (1) Note. See the class definition for a definition of a magneto-strictive motor. Commonly, the magnetizable member is (1) restrained from moving at a point along a dimension thereof but is free to move at other points along and in the direction of such dimension, and is (2) combined with a solenoid or winding which surrounds the magnetizable member and the axis of which winding is concentric or parallel with such dimension; as a result of which the magnetizable member will change in dimension when, the magnetic field is changed the mechanical motion of the member being available for power output purposes. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 119, for other motor systems having magnetic motors of the reciprocating or oscillating type. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 310,  Electrical Generator or Motor Structure,   subclass 300 for magneto-strictive motors, per se. 335,  Electricity: Magnetically Operated Switches, Magnets, and Electromagnets,   subclass 215 for magnetostrictive magnets, per se.

119	RECIPROCATING OR OSCILLATING MOTOR:
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Subject matter in which the motor is a reciprocating or oscillating type of electric motor. (1) Note. See the class definition for a definition of reciprocating or oscillating type motor. (2) Note. Either of the terms "reciprocating" or "oscillating" when used separately in the titles and definitions in this class will be construed to include the other, unless clearly indicated otherwise. (3) Note. For motor systems having the conventional rotary electric motor constructed for unlimited degree of movement in a given direction combined with means for periodically reversing the motor (e.g., reversed (1) in response to a "limit of travel" in either direction of rotation, (2) under control of some time-measuring mechanism, (3) after a predetermined number of revolutions, (4) etc.), see appropriate subclasses hereinafter under "Reversing, periodic or repetitious", subclass 281. Where the "motor" has means for actuating in one direction only (including arrangements whereby electric means or gravity and electric means can effect actuation in the one direction only) and consequently, the return movement must be effected manually or by some nonmotor means; classification is not herein. For example, a motor system having a motor having a vertically disposed and freely movable element and electrical means for effecting an upward motion only and wherein gravity can effect the return or downward motion; classification is herein. However, where the movable member of the motor is horizontally disposed and no energy storing means, such as a spring or compressible gas chamber, is provided to return the member after actuated by electric means (which are effective in one direction only), classification is not herein, but is classified as "linear motor" system or as an electromagnet with armature. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 14, for reciprocating or oscillating motors combined with motion-converting mechanisms. (For example, the combination of a reciprocating electric motor supply and/or control system combined with means for converting the reciprocatory motion of the motor to a rotary motion will be found in subclass 14). 21, for this subject matter where the motor system is a follow-up system having a reciprocating or oscillating motor. 35, for this subject matter where the motor system has the combination of an oscillating or reciprocating motor and another motor having a different type of motor (e.g., combination of a reciprocating and a rotary motor). 37, for this subject matter where the system includes a plurality of reciprocating or oscillating motors. 116+, for this subject matter where the motor is a magneto-striction type of motor in which periodic magnetization of the core part effects periodic dimensional changes in the core part thus resulting in reciprocating motion of the core part. 135, for motor systems having a linear-movement motor. 159+, for motor system which has the rotor element biased against rotation by virtue of which the rotor element is returned when the motor is deenergized or the energization is reduced. 281+, see (3) Note above. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 91,  Motors: Expansible Chamber Type,   appropriate subclasses for reciprocating and oscillating type expansible chamber motors. 123,  Internal-Combustion Engines,   subclasses 1 through 3and 18+ and 198+ for internal combustion engines of the reciprocating type. 310,  Electrical Generator or Motor Structure,   subclass 15 for reciprocating electric motor structure, per se, and subclass 36 for oscillating electric motor structure, per se. 322,  Electricity: Single Generator Systems,   subclass 3 for reciprocating and/or oscillating generator systems. 335,  Electricity: Magnetically Operated Switches, Magnets, and Electromagnets,   subclass 220 for electromagnets with armatures. 416,  Fluid Reaction Surfaces (i.e., Impellers),   subclass 64 for impellers of the reciprocating type and subclass 79 for impellers of the oscillating type.

120	Stopping after predetermined number of reciprocations or cycles (including single cycle):
	This subclass is indented under subclass 119.  Subject matter in which means are provided for stopping the motor after it has made a predetermined number of reciprocations or cycles. (1) Note. For example, a reciprocating motor which when started operates to make one reciprocation, stroke or cycle and stops, is classified herein. (2) Note. Where the stopping is effected by mechanical stopping means, such as brake, stop means, classification is not in this class but in some other appropriate class. Note Class 192, subclasses 116.5+. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 463, and the subclasses specified in the Notes thereto, for motor systems having automatic stopping of rotary motors after a predetermined degree of movement of the motor. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 192,  Clutches and Power-Stop Control,   subclass 116 , see (2) Note above.

121	Having means to produce a progressing or traveling motor field flux:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 119.  Subject matter in which means are provided for producing a magnetic field of force in the motor, which field (or the resultant of the component elements thereof) is caused to occupy a succession of positions in the path or direction of travel of the reciprocable member of the motor. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 135, for motor systems having linear-movement motors with means for producing progressing or travelling field. 148, for induction and synchronous motors supplied by controlled generators. 195+, for motor systems having an induction motor with means for producing a travelling magnetic field. 700+, for motor systems having a synchronous motor with means for producing a travelling magnetic field.

122	Plural, diverse or diversely controlled motor windings:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 119.  Subject matter in which the motor is provided with two or more energizing windings one or more of which are different structurally, or energized or controlled differently than one or more others of the windings. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 121, for this subject matter where the system includes two or more windings for producing a travelling or progressive magnetic motor field flux. 495, and the subclasses listed in the Search Notes thereto, for other motor control systems in which the motor has two or more energizing windings.

123	Polyphase or diverse or diversely controlled sources of motor supply:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 122.  Subject matter in which there is either a polyphase alternating current supply, or two or more sources of supply, one or more of which are different or differently controlled than one or more others of the sources, connected to supply energy to the two or more of the motor windings. (1) Note. All the phases or sources of supply may be connected to each of the several windings, or one or more of the sources or phases may be connected to one or more of the windings and one or more others of the sources or phases may be connected to one or more others of the windings. The several sources or phases may be connected simultaneously or at different times. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 495+, and the Search Notes thereto, for plural motor systems having winding motors with plural sources therefor. 500, and the Search Notes thereto, for motor systems having plural sources of supply for a single motor having a single armature or primary winding.

124	A.C. and D.C. sources:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 123.  Subject matter in which at least one of the sources is a unidirectional current source (including pulsating DC current) and at least one other of the sources is an alternating (i.e., reversing polarity) current source. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 441, and the subclasses listed in the Search Notes thereto, for other motor systems having AC, and DC sources of supply for the motor. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 307,  Electrical Transmission or Interconnection Systems,   subclass 22 for plural load circuit systems supplied either from an AC of DC source, and subclasses 43+ for systems having a plurality of supply circuits or sources which may be AC or DC.

125	Unidirectionally conductive devices in energizing circuit:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 122.  Subject matter in which one or more unidirectionally conductive devices are connected in the energizing circuit of one or more of the windings. (1) Note. Systems where the unidirectionally conductive devices are connected in series with or in shunt to the windings are included. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 505, and the Search Notes thereto for other motor systems having space-discharge devices in the circuits thereof. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 363,  Electric Power Conversion Systems,   subclasses 111 and 125+ for rectifying systems including unidirectionally conductive devices.

126	Energizing winding circuit control:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 119.  Subject matter in which means are provided for controlling the electric circuit which supplies the electric energy to the energizing winding of the motor. (1) Note. The control of the electric circuit includes (1) control of the immediate circuit to the windings (as, for example, opening and closing the circuit, controlling a space-discharge device or an impedance connected in series with the circuit and the motor winding, or introducing an aiding or opposing source of e.m.f. in the circuit in addition to the main or prime source of e.m.f.) and also (2) control of the source of energy which supplies the energizing current to the motor (as, for example, controlling the energy input to the source, as by controlling a prime mover which drives a generator, or by controlling the electrical input to an electrical converter). SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 140, for generator fed motor systems wherein the motor is controlled by controlling the generator. 494, and the subclasses specified in the Notes thereto, for other motor control systems wherein the armature or primary circuit thereto is provided with control means. 521, and the subclasses specified in the Notes thereto, for other motor control systems where in the field or secondary circuit thereto is provided with control means.

127	Automatic in response to predetermined position, movement or condition in or of the motor or driven device:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 126.  Subject matter wherein automatic means are provided so that the energizing winding is controlled in response to the position, movement, limit of travel, amplitude or rate of change of movement of the motor or the device actuated thereby; or in response to the noise, sound or mechanical vibrations produced by the motor parts or by the motor actuated device; magnitude of energizing current or occurrences of pulses in the energizing circuit. (1) Note. This is a limited automatic subclass and does not include sensing means responsive to any but the above specified conditions. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 445+, and the subclasses specified in the Notes thereto, for other motor systems having automatic control responsive to predetermined conditions in general.

128	Noise, sound, vibration, movement or position of motor:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 127.  Subject matter in which the sensing means responds to noise, sound, or mechanical vibrations of or emanating from the motor being controlled or the device actuated by the motor, or responds to the amplitude or magnitude or the rate of movement of, or the limit-of-travel or other position of the motor being controlled or the device actuated by the motor. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: , For other motor systems having automatic control in response to the particular conditions enumerated in the definition above, search the following subclasses and the pertinent subclasses listed in the Search Notes thereto. 452, for plural diverse conditions. 456, for rate-of-change of a condition. 460, for noise, sound, or mechanical vibrations. 461, for speed or rate of movement of motor or other body. 466, for movement, position, or limit-of-travel of motor or other device or body.

129	By means for producing periodic electrical pulses in the energizing circuit:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 126.  Subject matter in which means are provided for producing a succession of electrical pulses in the energizing circuit of the winding, the periodicity of the pulses being such that the motor to which the pulses are supplied is maintained in substantially continuous motion by the succession of pulses. (1) Note. A mere means for producing electric pulses (i.e., there being no details of structure of the means or any details of relationship between the means and the motor to which the pulses are supplied--other than the mere connection thereto) is insufficient basis for classification herein. For example, recitation by name only of the means for producing periodic pulses such as "an a-c source", a "source of pulsations", an "oscillator", etc., does not constitute a means for producing periodic pulses which is classifiable herein. (2) Note. Where the means for producing the pulses may or may not produce the succession of pulses, classification is not herein. For example, a manually operated circuit interrupter in the supply circuit to the motor may be operated to produce a single pulse or a succession of pulses depending on the will of the operator and is not classifiable herein. Likewise, a circuit interrupter which closes the circuit in response to a condition (such as temperature or pressure) which condition may sometimes vary to cause the circuit to be periodically interrupted, is not classified herein. However, in the latter case, if the condition response means causes electrical pulses from a source of pulsating current to be supplied to the winding, such a system would be classified herein. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 122+, for systems under subclass 119 which include means for periodically energizing one or more windings of a plural winding motor. 127+, for this subject matter where the system includes means responsive to predetermined conditions in or of the motor for controlling the motor, including controlling the application or the periodicity of pulses to the motor. 503, and the subclasses listed in the Search Notes thereto, for other motor control systems in which periodic pulses are supplied to the motor. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 307,  Electrical Transmission or Interconnection Systems,   subclasses 96+ for circuit interrupting systems for regulating the average value of current flowing through an electrical circuit, and subclass 132 for intermittent circuit interruption systems, such as "flashing systems", of general application. 322,  Electricity: Single Generator Systems,   subclasses 69+ for systems wherein a generator field circuit is interrupted to regulate the field current.

130	Electrical oscillation or condenser charging and/or discharging circuits:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 129.  Subject matter in which the means for producing the periodic pulses comprise either an electrical self-oscillating circuit or a condenser changing and/or discharging circuit. (1) Note. Where the condenser changing and/or discharging is merely an adjunct to the system of supply such as a filter means, for example; and does not operate to have a substantial effect in determining the rate which the pulses are supplied to the motor, classification is not herein. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 307,  Electrical Transmission or Interconnection Systems,   subclass 108 for systems wherein a condenser is charged and discharged to produce a series of pulses. 320,  Electricity: Battery or Capacitor Charging or Discharging,   subclasses 166+ for a system for charging or discharging a capacitor. 331,  Oscillators,   appropriate subclasses, for self-sustained electric wave generators, per se, particularly subclasses 111+ , 129+ and 143+ for relaxation oscillators utilizing an RC time constant network to determine the period of oscillation.

131	Motor or escapement-controlled means:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 129.  Subject matter in which the means for producing the periodic pulses includes a device of means which is actuated or controlled by a motor, or escapement device to control the periodicity of the pulses. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 74,  Machine Element or Mechanism,   subclass 1.5 for escapements, per se, of general application. 185,  Motors: Spring, Weight, or Animal Powered,   subclasses 5 , 31, and 38 for escapement controlled spring and weight motors.

132	By space-discharge or unidirectionally conductive devices in energizing circuit:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 126.  Subject matter in which the means for controlling the energizing circuit of the motor includes a space-discharge device or an unidirectionally-conductive device connected in series with or in shunt to the energizing winding of the motor. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 125, for this subject matter where the motor has plural windings. 505, and the subclasses specified in the search notes thereto, for other motor control systems having space-discharge devices in the armature or primary circuit of the motor. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 327,  Miscellaneous Active Electrical Nonlinear Devices, Circuits, and Systems,   subclasses 518+ for miscellaneous electron discharge device control circuits. 363,  Electric Power Conversion Systems,   subclasses 111 and 125+ for rectifying systems including space discharge devices and other unidirectionally conductive devices.

133	By impedance devices in energizing circuit:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 126.  Subject matter in which the control means comprises one or more impedance devices in series and/or in shunt to the motor windings. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 132, for this subject matter where the impedance device is a space-discharge or unidirectionally conductive device. 508+, and subclasses specified in the search notes appended thereto, for other motor control systems wherein impedance devices are employed in the energizing circuit of an electric motor. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 323,  Electricity: Power Supply or Regulation Systems,   subclasses 364 through 370for miscellaneous impedance systems.

134	By circuit making and/or braking devices:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 126.  Subject matter in which the control means comprise circuit making and/or breaking devices in series with the energizing circuit of the motor. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 129+, for this subject matter where the system includes circuit making and/or breaking devices combined with means for periodically actuating them. 519+, and the subclasses specified in the search notes appended thereto, for other motor control systems having circuit making and/or breaking means in the armature or primary circuit of the motor. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 307,  Electric Transmission or Interconnection Systems,   subclasses 112+ for searching systems. 361,  Electricity: Electrical Systems and Devices,   subclasses 1+ for safety systems using circuit breakers, and subclass 139+ for relay and electromagnetic switch circuits.

135	LINEAR-MOVEMENT MOTORS:
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Subject matter in which the motor is linear movement type of electric motor. (1) Note. See Linear Movement Motors, of the class definition for a definition of a linear movement motor. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 22, for linear-movement motors in follow-up systems. 35, for linear-movement motor combined with another electric motor having a different type (e.g., rotary) of movement. 38, for plural linear-movement motor systems. 115, for motor systems which have single motors having diverse types of motion, including linear movement. 119, for reciprocating or oscillating type motor systems. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 104,  Railways,   subclasses 282 and 290+ for a railway vehicle and track claimed in combination with a linear propulsion motor and control system therefor. 124,  Mechanical Guns and Projectors,   subclass 3 for electromagnetic guns and projectors. 310,  Electrical Generator or Motor Structure,   subclasses 12.01 through 12.33for a linear motor, per se.

136	AUXILIARY MEANS FOR PRODUCING MECHANICAL STARTING OR ACCELERATING TORQUE:
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Subject matter in which means, other than the motor being controlled and its electrical circuits, are provided for producing a mechanical turning effort to the rotor element of the motor during the starting and/or the accelerating period of operation of the motor, and which means is deenergized, disconnected, or otherwise incapacitated to assist in actuating the motor under running-speed conditions. (1) Note. This subclass is designed to include those devices which are employed to start an electric motor which is inherently not-self-starting and also to include those which assist the motor in attaining running speed conditions in order to reduce the heavy demand of electric current required to bring a motor up to running speed when operating without starting assistance. The device must be distinct from the motor and produce a turning effort independently of the magnetic turning effort produced by the motor itself. The device can be structurally united with motor. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 1+, for motor systems which have an electric motor combined with a nonmotor driving means. 45+, for electric motor systems having plural motor mechanically connected or coupled in a fixed predetermined ratio of movement during normal running periods. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 74,  Machine Element or Mechanism,   subclasses 6+ for mechanical devices, per se, for starting engines in general. 91,  Motors: Expansible Chamber Type,   subclass 53 for expansible chamber motors of the engine rotating or starting type. 123,  Internal-Combustion Engines,   subclasses 179.1+ , for starting devices for internal combustion engines. 290,  Prime-Mover Dynamo Plants,   subclasses 10+ , 18+, 22+, 27, 28, 30, 31+, 36+, 38, 46, 47, and 48 for dynamo-electric machines used as starting motors for prime-mover dynamo plants.

137	By auxiliary motor:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 136.  Subject matter in which the auxiliary means comprises a motor. (1) Note. See Search Notes for subclass 136 above.

139

BATTERY-FED MOTOR SYSTEMS:

This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Subject matter in which the armature or primary circuit of an electric motor is supplied by electric energy from one or more primary or secondary electric batteries which constitute the only source of supply for the motor. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 440+, for motor systems where there are plural sources of electric energy for the armature or primary circuit which include nonbattery sources. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 320,  Electricity: Battery or Capacitor Charging or Discharging,