This class relates to the propulsion of land vehicles by a motor
carried on the vehicle and to the following subject matter, which
may be considered as incidental to such propulsion:
1. The mounting of a motor on a land vehicle.
2. Transmission mechanism in connection with specific vehicle
structure. (See Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class,
B, below.)
3. Power steering-gear for land vehicles.
4. Power means for raising a frame or body relative to a wheel
or wheels.
5. Devices not of general application for utilizing the power
of the power plant of a land vehicle to drive other machines, the
specific structure of such machines not being involved.
6. Controlling devices in connection with land vehicle structure.
7. Gyroscopes in connection with land vehicle structure.
8. Safety devices involving a feature limited to use on motor
vehicles.
9. Motor Vehicles provided with wheel substitutes. This
includes vehicles with wheel substitutes even though no power or
driving means is claimed unless the vehicle claimed is identified
in the specific disclosure as only a nonmotor vehicle. Further,
this class takes fluid supported suction effect and surface effect
vehicles, including subcombinations drawn to the fluid producing means
even though no power or driving means or specific vehicle structure
is claimed or disclosed.
SECTION II - LINES WITH OTHER CLASSES AND WITHIN THIS CLASS
The preceding class definition is subject to the following
exceptions:
A. This class is superior to the various motor classes, and
whenever a patent contains claims involving in any degree the structure
of the vehicle in connection with a power plant or the location
and arrangement of the motive-power plant relative thereto it is
placed in this class. The mere mention of a vehicle broadly, or
of such parts as are necessarily involved in the definition of a vehicle,
in a claim which is in other respects drawn to the specific construction
of the power plant, does not cause such an assignment, the classification
being then based on the power-plant structure, so that the patent
is assigned to the appropriate motor class.
B. Transmission mechanism for driving vehicle-wheels is classified
with other transmission mechanism elsewhere, even when there is
an inclusion in a claim for such structure of a frame, body or boiler,
an axle, and traction-wheels. In general, however, inventions relating
to vehicle structure are classified in Class 180, although transmission
mechanism is included. Transmission-trains designed to drive the
road-wheels on opposite sides of a vehicle at the same speed and
when desired at different speeds or in different directions or to drive
the wheel on one side only are placed in Class 180. Patents containing
claims for vehicle-springs in connection with transmission mechanism
are placed in Class 180. Patents having two sets of claims, one
relating to vehicle structure of general application and the other
to transmission mechanism, are placed in this class. Transmission
mechanism for an occupant-propelled vehicle in connection with vehicle
structure is found elsewhere.
C. Self-propelled vehicles carrying or constituting a device
designed to perform a function not incidental to transportation
are classified in the class having such devices when a functional
manipulation or mounting of the device or more structure than is
necessary for connection to the running gear is claimed. For example,
a traction-engine claimed in connection with a plow is placed elsewhere.
The term "steering wheel" used in the following
definitions means a road-wheel, the axis of which may be swung so
as to change the course of the vehicle; however, for an exception
to this practice see Subclass References to the Current Class, below.
By the term "normal wheel-base" is meant the
arrangement of the four wheels of a vehicle so that straight lines
joining the points of contact of the wheels with the road form approximately
a rectangle when the steering wheels are in the straight-away position.
Vehicle structure designed for motor-vehicles, but not involving
features mentioned in the preceding definition, will be found in
Classes 280, Land Vehicles, 296, Land Vehicles: Bodies and Tops,
and 301, Land Vehicles: Wheels and Axles.
LINE WITH CLASS 475 AND CLASS 74
See Class 475, Planetary Gear Transmission Systems or Components,
for a planetary gear transmission in a vehicle drive train. The
same line exists between Class 180 and Class 475 as exists between
Class 180 and Class 74.
LINE WITH CLASS 477, CLASS 74, CLASS 180, AND CLASS 192
See Class 477,Interrelated Power Delivery Controls, Including
Engine Control, for interrelated control between an engine and a
transmission, clutch, or brake. Class 477 was formed from patents
in Classes 74 and 192 and so the same line exists between Class
180 and Class 477 as exists between Class 180 and Classes 74 and
192.
SECTION III - SUBCLASS REFERENCES TO THE CURRENT CLASS
Railway Rolling Stock, appropriate subclasses (e.g.,
subclasses 215.1+ ) for a motor vehicle which includes means whereby
it may operate in the manner of a vehicle of that class (105).
Earth Working,
subclass 3 for earth working apparatus with automatic motive
power control, subclasses 114+ for a driven earth working
tool mounted on a vehicle, specific propelling means for the vehicle
being claimed, and subclass 292 for earth working apparatus in which
specific propelling means are claimed. Also, see Lines With Other Classes
and Within This Class C, above.
Aeronautics and Astronautics, appropriate subclasses (e.g.,
subclasses 2 , 17.17, 50) for a vehicle of that class which either
is combined with a land or water vehicle or else includes means
whereby it may operate in one or more respects (e.g., braking, steering,
etc.) in the manner of a land or a water vehicle.
Wheel Substitutes for Land Vehicles, for wheel substitutes, per se. Class 180 takes
patents relating to a vehicle, disclosed as a motor vehicle, where
some vehicle structure or a special relationship between the vehicle
frame and the wheel substitute is set forth in the claims, irrespective
of whether or not any driving means is claimed. However such expressions as
a "vehicle frame", an "axle",
a "pivotal connection between the vehicle frame and wheel substitute
carrying frame" in claims which are otherwise directed
to specific wheel substitute structure are considered mere nominal
recitations of vehicle structure and are not excluded from Class
305. Also Class 180 takes patents claiming some element of the
driving means of a wheel substitute except that the mere broad recitation
of a drive means, drive axle or drive sprocket for a wheel substitute
is not sufficient to exclude the patent from Class 305, if the vehicle
is otherwise only nominally recited in the claims. Further Class
180 takes suction effect and surface effect vehicles even though no
driving means or specific vehicle structure is claimed.
Horology: Time Measuring Systems or Devices,
subclasses 6+ for a vehicle responsive parking meter and subclasses
1+ for an horological device acted upon by a disparate device.
Planetary Gear Transmission Systems or Components, for a planetary gear transmission in a vehicle drive
train. (See Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, above.)
Interrelated Power Delivery Controls, Including
Engine Control, for interrelated control between an engine and a
transmission, clutch, or brake. (See Lines With Other Classes and Within
This Class, above.)
SECTION V - GLOSSARY
NORMAL WHEEL-BASE
Means the arrangement of the four wheels of a vehicle so
that straight lines joining the points of contact of the wheels
with the road form approximately a rectangle when the steering wheels
are in the straight-away position.
STEERING WHEEL
Used in the Class 180 subclass definitions means a road-wheel,
the axis of which may be swung so as to change the course of the
vehicle; however, see Subclass References in the Current Class above.
MOTOR SUPPLIED WITH POWER FROM AN EXTERNAL SOURCE:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Motors supplied from without the vehicle with fuel or an
equivalent during the travel of the vehicle.
Electricity: Transmission to Vehicles, which contains inventions relating to the transmission
of electrical energy from fixed points to vehicles, and
not involving specific vehicle structure nor specific means for
applying the electrical energy to any specific purpose.
Fluid Sprinkling, Spraying, and
Diffusing,
subclasses 738 and 746 for ambulant sprayers with a stationary fluid
supply and having a carriage propelled by the energy of the fluid
to be sprayed.
This subclass is indented under subclass 2.1. Motor vehicles wherein the source of power for the motor
is derived from a freely occurring natural force (e.g., sun, wind).
(1)
Note. For the purposes of this subclass, although
a sail is powered by a natural force, it is not considered
a motor under the class definition and therefor vehicles powered
by sails except in connection with a motor are excluded from this class.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Vehicles having means to cause a relative difference in
rate of travel between traction elements on opposite sides, as
by: (1) unclutching or otherwise disengaging
the road traction element or elements on one side from its driving means; (2) changing
the speed of, or the amount of power transmitted to, the
traction element or elements to produce a differential effect; or (3) varying
the effective tractive area of the driving element or elements.
(1)
Note. The line between this group of subclasses
and Classes 74, Machine Element or Mechanism, 188, Brakes
and 192, Clutches and Power-Stop Control and 475, Planetary
Gear Transmission Systems or Components, is that where specific
vehicle frame structure or arrangement not related to the transmission
of power is claimed, such as, the location or
equilibrious positioning of the motor, transmission or
the like on the frame, or other vehicle feature (e.g., load carrying
structure or nondriven wheels), classification
is in Class 180.
Machine Element or Mechanism, appropriate subclasses, for power transmitting
elements included in steering by driving mechanism wherein specific
vehicle structure or specific relation with vehicle structure is
not claimed (i.e., the vehicle
is included in name only). See (1) Note.
Brakes, appropriate subclasses, for brakes included
in steering by driving mechanism wherein no significant vehicle
structure is claimed. See (1) Note.
Clutches and Power-Stop Control, appropriate subclasses, for brakes and clutches, plural
clutches, transmission control with brake control or clutch, etc., wherein
no significant vehicle structure is claimed. See (1) Note.
Interrelated Power Delivery Controls, Including
Engine Control, for steering by driving, including interrelated engine
and transmission, clutch, or brake controls and
lacking significant vehicle structure. The same line exists
between Class 180 and Class 477 as exists between Class 180 and Class
74 as set forth above.
This subclass is indented under subclass 6.2. Vehicles having combined therewith means for manually turning
or rotating ground engaging elements about a vertical axis; i.e., conventional
steering gear.
(1)
Note. The manual steering mechanism for the most
part controls nondriven wheels.
This subclass is indented under subclass 6.24. Combinations in which the mechanism for steering by driving
is controlled by or responsive to the manual steering mechanism.
This subclass is indented under subclass 6.26. Combined steering mechanisms in which the interlocked relation
between the steering mechanisms is accomplished by means of electromechanical
responsive devices.
This subclass is indented under subclass 6.26. Combined steering mechanisms in which the interlocked relation
between the steering mechanisms is accomplished through the medium
of a fluid pressure system.
This subclass is indented under subclass 6.26. Combined steering mechanisms in which the interlocked relation
between the steering mechanisms is accomplished by means of a mechanical
lever and/or linkage system.
This subclass is indented under subclass 6.32. Steering mechanisms in which the mechanical lever and/or
linkage system is operated or controlled by a cam mechanism.
This subclass is indented under subclass 6.32. Steering mechanisms in which the mechanical lever and/or
linkage systems is constructed so as to have lost motion.
(1)
Note. These devices, for the most part, are
operative only when making sharp turns.
This subclass is indented under subclass 6.32. Steering mechanisms in which the motion of the mechanical
lever and/or linkage system is controlled by geared members.
This subclass is indented under subclass 6.32. Steering mechanisms in which the mechanical lever and/or
linkage system includes flexible and/or yieldable elements.
This subclass is indented under subclass 6.2. Vehicles in which a separate motor is used to modify or
vary the drive to the traction element or elements to effect steering
by driving.
This subclass is indented under subclass 6.2. Vehicles in which different traction elements are driven
by individually controlled motor units for varying motor power output
to effect steering by driving.
This subclass is indented under subclass 6.2. Vehicles in which means for controlling the steering by
driving mechanism is located on a pivotally mounted platform or
turntable type of superstructure.
(1)
Note. These are for the most part vehicles having
endless flexible tracks.
This subclass is indented under subclass 6.58. Combinations in which the steering by driving mechanism
is responsive to the position of and/or controllable by
the rotation of the superstructure.
This subclass is indented under subclass 6.2. Vehicles claimed in combination with features other than
the steering by driving structure and not provided for in preceding
subclasses.
(1)
Note. Steering by driving structure includes propulsive
ground engaging elements and power, transmission and/or driving
means such as will produce variation in the relative motion of the
traction elements either by changing power or tractive effort, with
connecting framework or platform.
(2)
Note. In this subclass, for example, are combinations
with power take-offs, hitches or hangers for a
trailing load or animal draft, furrow engaging wheels used
as a controlling element for the steering by driving mechanism, and
supports on which the vehicle can be tilted.
Clutches and Power-Stop Control, the unnumbered title "Interrelated power delivery
controls" and see the Notes thereto for interrelated control
of one or more of prime movers, clutches, gearing, brakes
and loads by name only.
This subclass is indented under subclass 6.2. Vehicles having a frame member, carrying driven
traction elements, mounted so as to swing about a vertical
axis in response to the steering by driving.
Land Vehicles,
subclass 124.109 for a general utility wheeled land vehicle including
a self-sustaining structural assembly disposed between
the vehicle body, chassis, or frame and the axle, wheel, or
wheels; subclasses 124.11+ for a general
utility wheeled land vehicle wherein the running gear includes a
pivotally mounted axle or axle assembly providing resilient, shock
absorbing support for the vehicle body chassis or frame; subclasses 137.5+ for
a general utility wheeled land vehicle wherein the running gear includes
a turnable axle lacking resilient, shock absorbing support; or
subclasses 400+ for an articulated vehicle or interconnected
plural vehicles (i.e., vehicle
train).
This subclass is indented under subclass 6.2. Vehicles in which means are provided for driving the traction
elements in relatively reverse directions to effect steering by
driving.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Motor-vehicles driven in some other way than by
the mere rotation of road-wheels as traction-wheels.
for a motor vehicle which includes a ski-like
or runner member and wherein the vehicle is provided with at least
one surface-engaging propulsion element.
Winding, Tensioning, or Guiding,
subclass 390.7 for a reeling device driven by a vehicle motor, 392
for a spool mounted on a vehicle wheel, and 391+ for
a traction driven spool in a reeling device.
Land Vehicles,
subclasses 8+ for a general utility land vehicle including both
wheel and runner ground engaging elements; subclass 28.5
for a general utility land vehicle including wheel substitutes; or
subclasses 845+ for a general utility land vehicle including
runner ground engaging elements. In each instance identified above, the
vehicle being claimed is a nonmotor vehicle or identified only as a
nonmotor vehicle in the specific disclosure.
Wheel Substitutes for Land Vehicles, appropriate subclasses, for wheel substitutes, per
se. See the class definition of Class 180 for the line
between Class 180 and Class 305.
This subclass is indented under subclass 7.1. Motor vehicle wherein at least one propulsion element comprises
a reaction surface in the form of a screw or a helix which is driven about
its axis of rotation, said axis being in general alignment
with the direction of the vehicle’s motion.
This subclass is indented under subclass 7.1. Motor vehicle wherein the special driving device is a driven
cable reel which is mounted on the vehicle and winds a cable connected
at its other end to a stationary object.
(1)
Note. These devices are usually used to extract
the vehicle from the mud and the like.
(2)
Note. A wheeled roadway vehicle having a motor powered, traction
cable-pulling device mounted on it for propelling it from
one location to another as the cable is pulled by the device, is
found in this subclass; if, however, the
vehicle is not claimed, or the device is not disclosed
as also being used to pull a load, classification is in
Class 254.
Implements or Apparatus for Applying Pushing or
Pulling Force,
subclasses 264+ , for apparatus for hauling or hoisting
a load which includes a driven device for pulling on or traveling
along a cable, and wherein either the device or the cable
is attached to the load; see (2) Note
above.
for a motor vehicle of the kind described in the
reference to subclasses 186+ appearing in subclass 7.1 above, and
wherein the propulsion element is of a type which shuffles along
the vehicle-supporting surface.
for a motor vehicle provided with powered, ground-engaging
means for producing, or assisting in the production of, lateral
movement of the vehicle (e.g., for
parking) and wherein the means comprises a reciprocally
driven stepper or a rotatably driven cam.
Earth Working,
subclasses 84+ for earth working blades having a reciprocating
and oscillating motion, and subclass 352 for earth working
apparatus with manually driven stepper propulsion means.
Land Vehicles,
subclasses 1.181+ for an occupant propelled land vehicle which simulates
an animate figure including similar driving means; or subclasses
218 and 219 for a general utility wheeled land vehicle of occupant
propelled type including similar driving means.
This subclass is indented under subclass 8.1. Motor vehicle wherein the mechanical legs are used to propel
the vehicle up or down steps or abutments (e.g., stair
climber).
(1)
Note. Vehicles to be placed in this subclass must
have legs that engage the step or abutment by intermittent action.
Legs on wheels which form spiders will be found in this subclass.
This subclass is indented under subclass 8.1. Motor vehicle having a ground engaging supporting base and
at least one mechanical leg and including means that alternately
lift the base and the leg from the ground and means for moving the
base and leg relative to one another to move the vehicle.
Motor vehicle under 8.1 having ground engaging
means that are alternately lifted from the ground and reciprocated
or swung relative to the vehicle to move the vehicle.
This subclass is indented under subclass 8.1. Motor vehicle wherein the mechanical legs are mounted for
guided motion on an endless guide track or a rotary support and
engage with and disengage from the ground in succession.
for a motor vehicle which includes a ski-like
or runner member, which member is substitutable for support structure
of the wheel type, and wherein the vehicle is provided
with a propulsion element of the endless track type.
for a motor vehicle which includes a ski-like
or runner member and wherein the vehicle is provided with at least
one surface-engaging propulsion element of the endless
track type.
Land Vehicles,
subclass 5.22 for a step or abutment ascending land vehicle including
an endless track; subclass 28.5 for a nonmotor
general utility land vehicle including wheel substitutes; or
subclasses 124.128+, particularly subclass
124.129 for a general utility wheeled land vehicle wherein
the running gear includes a wheel separately supported upon an individual
stub axle by a longitudinally extending swinging support arm as
commonly used in conjunction with an endless track but not claiming the
endless track.
This subclass is indented under subclass 9.1. Motor vehicles wherein the endless track is substituted
for one or more of the regular drive wheels of the vehicle.
This subclass is indented under subclass 9.1. Motor vehicles provided with means by which the vehicle
may be supported or guided by a walking attendant.
(1)
Note. Motorized stair climbers using endless tread
drives will be found in this subclass.
This subclass is indented under subclass 9.1. Motor vehicles wherein (1) a flexible
track is always carried by a vehicle provided with ground wheels
but by an adjustment of parts the vehicle is either a flexible track
vehicle (i.e., a vehicle in
which a flexible track engages the ground) or a wheeled
vehicle (i.e., a vehicle in
which all of the supporting means are wheels) or (2) a
frame carrying a flexible track apparatus is mounted on a wheeled
vehicle without removing any of the wheels from the vehicle.
(1)
Note. Devices in which the drive wheel of a vehicle
is removed and a flexible track apparatus substituted therefor, and devices
in which a flexible track is applied to the drive wheel of a motor vehicle
to extend between such drive wheel and an idler wheel to convert
the wheel vehicle into an endless track vehicle are not included
in this subclass. Such devices are classified on other
features in other subclasses under subclass 9.1.
for a motor vehicle which includes a ski-like
or runner member, which member is substitutable for support structure
of the wheel type, and wherein the vehicle is provided
with a propulsion element of the endless track type and further
wherein the track comprises a substitute for or an addition to a
propulsion element in the nature of a traction wheel.
Wheel Substitutes for Land Vehicles,
subclass 20 for a flexible track apparatus adapted to be positioned
beneath a vehicle so that the vehicle wheel directly engages the
upper surface of the flexible track to drive said track.
This subclass is indented under subclass 9.26. Motor vehicles wherein the flexible track is always carried
by a vehicle provided with ground wheel means and by an adjustment
of parts may be brought into or out of ground contact.
This subclass is indented under subclass 9.28. Motor vehicles wherein the arrangement of parts is such
that when the flexible track contacts the ground the wheel means
is out of ground contact.
This subclass is indented under subclass 9.1. Apparatus provided with means in addition to the running
gear of the vehicle, said means being out of ground contact
during normal operation of the vehicle but being operative when
the vehicle encounters an obstacle to assist the vehicle in surmounting
the obstacle.
This subclass is indented under subclass 9.1. Motor vehicles provided with a ground engaging wheel adapted
to assist the endless track in supporting or propelling the vehicle.
for a flexible track motor vehicle provided with
wheels which are normally out of ground contact, but which
are engageable with the ground when the vehicle encounters an obstruction.
This subclass is indented under subclass 9.34. Motor vehicles wherein the ground wheel is located to one
side of the track, and a portion thereof lies within an
area defined by a horizontal projection of the track periphery.
This subclass is indented under subclass 9.1. Motor vehicles in combination with means other than the
basic subject matter of subclass 9.1, which includes
a flexible track structure, a vehicle frame and motive
power and drive means for the flexible track, and not provided for
in other subclasses under subclass 9.1.
(1)
Note. This subclass includes, for example, jack
means for supporting the vehicle frame on the track frame for allowing the
removal of the drive sprocket from the apparatus, an automatic
track leveling means, a crawler speed indicator, a track
heating means, a vehicle hood usable as a trailer, and
a means for conducting the engine exhaust gases to the final drive
mechanism for the expulsion of dirt and grit therefrom.
This subclass is indented under subclass 9.44. Motor vehicles wherein the track is carried by a frame which
is pivotally mounted on the vehicle frame to turn about a vertical
axis.
This subclass is indented under subclass 9.1. Motor vehicles wherein the flexible track is carried by
a frame and (1) there are means to selectively
hold the track frame at various distances from the vehicle frame, or (2) the
track frame is adapted to accommodate tracks of varying widths.
This subclass is indented under subclass 9.1. Motor vehicles in which at least one end portion of the
track is trained over a supporting structure including an end wheel
and said supporting structure is mounted for movement in a vertical
plane relative to the vehicle frame.
for a motor vehicle of the kind described in the
reference to subclasses 190+ appearing in subclass 9.1 above
and wherein the endless track is provided with a vertically movable support
which is located intermediate the forward and rearward extremities of
the track.
Wheel Substitutes for Land Vehicles,
subclass 143 for a wheel substitute apparatus comprising a pair
of spaced end wheels, a flexible track trained about said
end wheels, and one of said end wheels being vertically
movable with relation to the other end wheel.
This subclass is indented under subclass 9.5. Motor vehicles wherein means are provided to selectively
hold said supporting structure in different vertical positions relative
to the vehicle frame.
for a vehicle provided with ground wheels and a
flexible track apparatus, and in which the track apparatus
may be selectively raised or lowered relative to the vehicle frame.
This subclass is indented under subclass 9.5. Motor vehicles wherein spring means are provided between
the track supporting structure and the vehicle frame.
This subclass is indented under subclass 9.54. Motor vehicles wherein said spring means comprises a coil
spring extending in a longitudinal direction relative to the vehicle
frame.
This subclass is indented under subclass 9.58. Motor vehicles wherein said leaf or torsion spring extends
in a transverse direction relative to the vehicle frame.
This subclass is indented under subclass 9.1. Motor vehicles wherein the track is driven by means of a
wheel provided with track engaging teeth along the periphery thereof.
This subclass is indented under subclass 9.62. Motor vehicles wherein said toothed wheel is driven by a
power train which includes a belt or a sprocket chain.
This subclass is indented under subclass 9. Motor-vehicles having a ring or annular track on
which a supporting-wheel or supporting-wheels
of the vehicle bear and which is caused to rotate to effect propulsion.
for transmission mechanism which includes a rotatably
driven pulley or the equivalent for driving a tire or a wheel rim
by direct engagement therewith.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Devices comprising a frame carrying a motor supported on
one or more wheels and adapted to be attached to a vehicle which
supports the frame in part.
(1)
Note. The motor may drive the wheel or wheels of
the frame or a wheel or wheels of the vehicle.
(2)
Note. See (2) Note of subclass
295 below regarding the apparent absence, at present, of
a clear line of distinction between the art of that subclass (295) and
that of this subclass (11).
for a motor vehicle wherein the motor and the body
frame are particularly related to one another and wherein a change-speed
gearing or a clutch is mounted in common with the motor and further
wherein a wheeled auxiliary frame, which is resiliently
joined to the body frame, is provided for supporting the
motor and the gearing or clutch; however, see
also (2) Note above.
Land Vehicles,
subclasses 400+ for articulated vehicles, especially subclasses
423.1+ for a motor section and a trailer supported
on the rear end thereof, the motor section and trailer being
separable.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Vehicles having two or more connected vehicles, one
at least being a motor vehicle which remains a complete vehicle
when the other vehicle or vehicles are detached.
for a motor vehicle having four wheels driven and
provided with means for steering all of the driven wheels and wherein
the means includes articulation of the frame of the vehicle.
Land Vehicles,
subclasses 400+ for patents relating to a train of vehicles including
a motor vehicle, and claiming the motor vehicle only by
a general term, as motor vehicle or traction-engine.
This subclass is indented under subclass 14.2. Motor vehicles wherein the motors of all of the vehicles
are supplied with power from a power plant mounted on one vehicle (e.g., hydrostatic or
electric transmission of power between vehicles).
(1)
Note. Motor as used herein refers to a device supplied
with power from an external source.
This subclass is indented under subclass 14.1. Motor vehicles wherein one vehicle is a complete motor vehicle
which drives the wheels of the other vehicles by means of a drive
train extending through the means coupling the vehicles.
This subclass is indented under subclass 14.1. Vehicles in which the connections between the motor vehicle
and the drawn vehicle contain means which operates to stop the motor
or release the load in case of overload.
Earth Working,
subclass 3 for earth working apparatus with an automatically
operated control of the motive power for the apparatus.
A trailing implement must be claimed by more than name only to be
placed in Class 172.
This subclass is indented under subclass 14.1. Motor vehicle where one vehicle is a complete motor vehicle
which functions as a tractor and the power applied to the wheels
of the tractor is a function of the load exerted by the trailing vehicles
on the means connecting the vehicles.
This subclass is indented under subclass 14.1. Motor vehicle where one vehicle is a complete motor vehicle
which has drive means directly engaging and driving one or more
wheels of the other vehicle, e.g., a
drive device for driving the nose or trail wheel of an aircraft.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Vehicles with driving devices consisting of one or more
traction-wheels not constituting the main supporting-wheels
of the vehicle. The traction-wheel is frequently
mounted on a frame pivoted at one end to the vehicle body or running-gear.
for a motor vehicle which includes one or more ski-like
or runner members and wherein the vehicle is provided with at least
one surface-engaging propulsion element and further wherein
the element comprises a traction wheel.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Devices comprising a frame carrying traction-wheels
adapted to be attached to motor vehicles.
(1)
Note. The traction-wheels of the motor-vehicle
may be removed or may remain in place; but the traction-wheels
of the attachment support the vehicle instead of the original traction-wheels
and are driven from the source of power of the motor vehicle.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Vehicles having steering means adapted to be actuated by
an attendant who walks with the vehicle.
Earth Working,
subclasses 42+ for a driven earth working tool guided by a walking
attendant, and subclasses 256+ for an earth working
apparatus comprising a propulsion unit guided by a walking attendant.
This subclass is indented under subclass 19.1. Motor vehicles including steerable wheel means and mechanism
carried by the vehicles, accessible to the walking attendant
to control the steerable wheel means.
(1)
Note. Castered wheels with a handle attached thereto
are included in this subclass.
This subclass is indented under subclass 19.1. Motor vehicles having a handle engaged by the attendant
for guiding the vehicle with movement of the handle relative to
the vehicle by the attendant being effective to control the drive means
to the vehicle wheels.
(1)
Note. Sectional handles in which one handle portion
is movable to control the drive are included in this subclass
Earth Working,
subclasses 133+ for rollers combined with other earth working tools
and subclasses 518+ for some types of rollers specific
to agricultural use.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Motor vehicles in which the arrangement of the road-wheels
differs from the usual one in which straight lines joining the points
of contact of the wheels with the road form approximately a rectangle
when the steering-wheels are in the straightaway position.
(1)
Note. In the reclassification of former subclasses
25+ ("Three wheeled") and 29+ ("Two
wheeled") of this area, now subclasses
205 through 231, and in a concurrent screening of the examiner copies
of the patents of this subclass (21), which
subclass was not included in the reclassification project, a
vehicle which is (a) disclosed solely as having
a number or an arrangement of wheels whereby it constitutes a special
wheel base type of vehicle, even though the specific number
or arrangement of wheels is not claimed, or (b) disclosed
as having both special and nonspecial (i.e., four
wheels, rectangularly arranged) wheel base species, and
claimed only generically, is classified here (subclasses 21
and 205 through 231); however, this statement
is not applicable to subclass 22 and the subclasses indented thereunder, which
subclasses were not included in the project nor were they screened.
(2)
Note. Also included herein (subclasses 21
and 205 through 231) is a subcombination of a special wheel
base vehicle, provided that the subcombination (a) is not
specifically provided for in another class or in a superior subclass
of this class and (b) is primarily relevant only
to the special wheel base vehicle with which it is associated.
(3)
Note. Generally, a vehicle which is disclosed
solely as having a nonspecial (see (1) Note
above) wheel base, but for which a number of wheels
less than four is claimed, is not classified here (subclasses
21 and 205 through 231) on the basis of that specific number
of wheels; rather, classification is elsewhere
in the class on some other feature.
(4)
Note. Insofar as subclasses 21 and 205 through 231
are concerned, the substitution of a dual wheel (i.e., two
wheels having their central portions either joined back to back
or else otherwise mounted in such proximity to each other that insufficient
space remains therebetween for accommodating an intervening element
such as a drive chain or a steering gear operating shaft) for
a single wheel at one or more of the vehicle’s wheel-carrying
locations does not change the number of wheels thereon from the
standpoint of determining the vehicle’s wheel base. This
statement, however, is not intended to affect
the meaning assigned to "dual wheel pair" in subclass
24.03.
This subclass is indented under subclass 22. Apparatus in which one of the supporting wheels is a driving
wheel which is positively moved by independent means for guidance
of the vehicle.
This subclass is indented under subclass 23. Apparatus in which the driving wheel which is positively
moved to guide the vehicle swings about pivot means positioned between
the medium line of the vehicle and the wheel.
This subclass is indented under subclass 22. Apparatus in which one of the wheels is positively moved
by external means for guiding the vehicle and in which one other
wheel longitudinally spaced in the direction of travel of the vehicle
being either positively and simultaneously moved for steering the
vehicle or movably mounted to vehicle structure to move incident
to a steering movement of the vehicle.
This subclass is indented under subclass 22. Apparatus which one of the wheels is either (1) adjustably
mounted for vertical movement on the frame of the vehicle or (2) mounted
for vertical movement and moving incident to a condition of operation
of the vehicle whereby the load carried by one other wheel is accordingly modified.
(1)
Note. Under part (2) of the above
definition it is considered that wheels mounted on opposite ends
of a rocker beam or the equivalent thereof and thereby having relative
vertical movement do not constitute load shifting or proportioning wheels
for classification here and classification thereof will be based
on other vehicle features classifiable in subclass 22 of this class
or the subclasses indented thereunder.
for a motor vehicle provided with powered, ground-engaging
means for producing, or assisting in the production of, lateral
movement of the vehicle (e.g., for
parking) and wherein the means comprises a rotatably driven member
which may be an auxiliary wheel.
This subclass is indented under subclass 22. Apparatus in which two of the wheels are positioned side-by-side
to thereby make a dual wheel pair and in which each wheel of the
dual wheel pair is mounted on the vehicle to have rotational differential
movement relative to the other wheel of the wheel pair.
This subclass is indented under subclass 22. Apparatus in which gearing connected to and simultaneously
and differentially transmitting driving power to laterally spaced
driving wheel axles is provided with a housing which is rigidly
connected to the frame of the vehicle.
This subclass is indented under subclass 22. Apparatus in which the motor vehicle includes a hollow pivoted
member having mounting means intermediate its ends by which it is rotatably
supported on the vehicle, the hollow pivoted member having
one of the wheels mounted thereon at each of its ends and driving torque
to the wheels being provided by power transmitting mechanism within
the hollow member.
This subclass is indented under subclass 22. Apparatus in which the motive means for propelling the vehicle
comprises either a plurality of prime movers or a plurality of energy
conversion devices converting other than mechanical energy to mechanical
energy.
This subclass is indented under subclass 24.06. Apparatus comprising a separate prime mover or energy conversion
device for independently driving each driving wheel of the vehicle
for propelling the vehicle.
This subclass is indented under subclass 22. Apparatus in which the motive means is positively drivingly
connected to each wheel of the vehicle for propelling the vehicle.
for a motor vehicle having a wheel arrangement comprising
three wheels and wherein at least one wheel is steered and further
wherein each wheel is driven.
for a motor vehicle having a wheel arrangement comprising
two wheels in tandem relationship and wherein at least one of the
wheels is steered and further wherein both wheels are motor driven.
This subclass is indented under subclass 22. Apparatus in which the drive means for the motor vehicle
includes a power dividing means in the form of differential gearing
driving each differential of a tandem pair of differentially driven
wheel drive axles.
This subclass is indented under subclass 22. Apparatus comprising two driving wheels spaced longitudinally
in the direction of travel of the vehicle and the drive thereto
includes drive disconnect means whereby driving torque to one of
the longitudinally spaced driving wheels is discontinued, the
driving torque to the other driving wheel remaining unaffected.
This subclass is indented under subclass 22. Apparatus comprising wheels spaced longitudinally in the
direction of travel of the vehicle and a drive to two of the longitudinally
spaced wheels for propelling the vehicle.
This subclass is indented under subclass 24.11. Apparatus wherein the drive to the longitudinally spaced
wheels is initially directed to a wheel or drive gearing therefor
from which one other wheel or its drive gearing is sequentially driven
whereby upon interruption of the drive to the first mentioned wheel
or drive gearing, drive to the other wheel or to the other
drive gearing would also be interrupted.
This subclass is indented under subclass 22. Apparatus in which the motor vehicle includes an elongated
resilient member having a wheel means mounted at each end thereof, the
elongate resilient member being pivotally mounted intermediate its
ends to the frame of the vehicle.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Vehicles of normal wheelbase carrying a steam-engine
and boiler, the parts of the power plant constituting the
main part of the vehicle, precluding its use as a means
of carrying goods or passengers.
(1)
Note. Classification in this and the indented subclasses
likewise is proper when only the steam traction engine vehicle and
its boiler are claimed, i.e., the
motor (engine) is disclosed but not claimed.
for a motor vehicle of other than the steam traction
engine type having a propulsion motor driven by expansible gas from
an external source, which gas is produced by treating a volatile
fluid (e.g., the gas is steam).
Power Plants,
subclass 668 for a steam power system physically related to
vehicle structure. See (1) Note of the
class definition of Class 180 for the line between Class 180 and
the power or motor classes.
Machine Element or Mechanism, in appropriate subclasses, for transmission
mechanism not involving specific vehicle structure. For
a more detailed statement of this line see Note 1,b, under
the class definition.
for a motor vehicle having a wheel arrangement comprising
two wheels in tandem relationship and wherein one of the wheels
is driven frictionally and further wherein means is provided for
steering that wheel.
for a motor vehicle having a wheel arrangement comprising
two wheels in tandem relationship and wherein at least one of the
wheels is driven and steered.
for a motor vehicle having a wheel arrangement comprising
three wheels and wherein at least one wheel is steered and further
wherein each wheel is driven.
for a motor vehicle having a wheel arrangement comprising
two wheels in tandem relationship and wherein at least one of the
wheels is steered and further wherein both wheels are motor driven.
This subclass is indented under subclass 36. Vehicles in which the boiler is mounted by means of springs
on the rear axle or axle of the driving wheels.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Motor-vehicles having means for raising the frame
or body relatively to a wheel or wheels, also power means
for raising a frame or body relatively to a wheel or wheels.
Land Vehicles,
subclasses 5.5+ for a land vehicle including an active suspension
responsive to a force encountered while the vehicle is in surface traversing
motion; subclasses 6.15+, particularly
subclasses 6.157+ for a general utility land vehicle
including means, interposed between the vehicle body, chassis, or
frame and running gear thereof, provided for altering height
or levelness of the vehicle body, chassis, or
frame; or subclasses 43+ for a general utility wheeled
land vehicle including means for vertically adjusting a wheel for
the proximate utility of altering a dimension of the vehicle or
a part thereof.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Devices designed to facilitate the use of the motor of a
motor vehicle to supply power to drive other machines.
(1)
Note. Inventions of this nature disclosed in connection
with a steam traction-engine of usual wheelbase will be
found in subclass 36.
(2)
Note. Classes 74, Machine Element or Mechanism, and
464, Rotary Shafts, Gudgeons, Housing, and
Flexible Couplings for Rotary Shafts, contain devices of
general application for transmitting power from a motor.
for a portable carrier which comprises the sole
support for a motor of the vehicle, the power of the motor
continuing to be expended in the same manner (e.g., through
the vehicle’s wheels), however, as
it was when the vehicle was not supported by the carrier.
Tool Driving or Impacting,
subclasses 25+ for a tool driving or impacting means mounted on
a wheeled vehicle, in which the vehicle motor is mechanically
coupled to the means to drive or impact a tool, and subclass
27 for a vehicle motor and drive motor powered by the same energy
source.
Dispensing,
subclass 627 for a driven dispensing means which is carried
on, or pulled or pushed by, a motor vehicle and
wherein the means is driven by the motor of the vehicle.
Winding, Tensioning, or Guiding,
subclass 390.7 for a reeling device driven by a vehicle motor, 392
for a spool mounted on a vehicle wheel, and 391+ for
a traction driven reel spool.
This subclass is indented under subclass 53.1. Devices wherein the other machine is a speed reducing transmission
which enables the motor vehicle to move at a slow speed to permit
the machinery on the vehicle to perform a function related to that
slow speed.
This subclass is indented under subclass 53.1. Devices wherein the other machine is mounted on the motor
vehicle by a lifting hitch having three connecting linkages, at
least one of which is powered to raise and lower the other machine
between a use and nonuse (i.e., transporting) position.
(1)
Note. Such hitches are known as the Ford-Ferguson
hitch.
This subclass is indented under subclass 53.1. Devices wherein the motor vehicle motor drives a hydraulic
drive system which in turn drives the other machine.
This subclass is indented under subclass 53.1. Devices wherein the motor vehicle motor drives an electric
power system which in turn drives the other machine.
This subclass is indented under subclass 53.1. Drives wherein the other machine is driven by drive means
connected to or forming part of the driven axle or wheels of the
motor vehicle.
This subclass is indented under subclass 53.6. Devices wherein the drive means for the other machine is
rigidly mounted on or engages the drive wheel of the motor vehicle
and rotates with the drive wheel.
This subclass is indented under subclass 53.6. Devices wherein the drive means to the other machine is
constantly driven by the axle and means are provided to selectively
couple the axle to the wheel to drive the latter.
This subclass is indented under subclass 53.1. Devices wherein the other machine is driven by drive means
connected to the forward end of an engine mounted on the front end
of the motor vehicle.
(1)
Note. The connection is usually to the forward end
of the crankshaft of the engine.
This subclass is indented under subclass 53.1. Devices wherein the other machine is a vehicle accessory (i.e., windshield
wiper, air conditioning system, etc.) and
the invention is in the drive means to the vehicle accessory.
(1)
Note. Where the invention is in the accessory and
not the drive means therefore, the invention is classified
with the accessory in the appropriate class and subclass.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Inventions in which the distinguishing feature of the invention
relating to the apparatus for producing power, usually
its location and arrangement relative to the vehicle.
(1)
Note. When a patent contains claims involving the
structure of the vehicle in connection with the motor or power-plant, or
the location and arrangement of the motor or power-plant
relative to the vehicle, it is placed in this class.
The mere mention of a vehicle broadly, or of such parts
as are necessarily involved in the definition of a vehicle, in
a claim which is in other respects drawn to the specific construction
of the motor or power-plant does not cause such an assignment, the
classification being then based on the motor or power-plant
structure. A search therefore for a motor or power-plant
shown in connection with a conventional vehicle must be made in the
motor or power-plant classes (e.g., Classes
60, 91, 123, 185, 290, 310, and 415).
(2)
Note. The vehicles of this subclass and the subclasses
indented thereunder are four-wheeled vehicles of usual
wheel-base.
(3)
Note. Motors mounted so as to be moved to place
a pulley in contact with the tire of a road-wheel will
be found in Class 74, Machine Element or Mechanism, subclasses
13+, unless specific vehicle structure is included, in
which case they will be found in this class, subclasses
342+.
(4)
Note. Motors movable on a frame to enable the power-shaft
to drive different shafts, and so change the speed or direction, will
be found in Class 74, Machine Element or Mechanism, in
appropriate subclasses of Gearing, unless specific vehicle
structure is claimed, in which case they will be found
in this class, subclasses 364+.
for a motor vehicle provided with safety-promoting
means which responds to a sensing of acceleration, deceleration, or
tilt of the vehicle in a manner whereby the ignition circuit is interrupted.
for a motor vehicle provided with safety-promoting
means which responds in the manner of the means of subclass 283
noted above and which further responds by impeding the flow of fuel.
This subclass is indented under subclass 54.1. Inventions relating to the mounting of the power plant partly
or wholly on the lower running-gear--i.e., wheels, axles, and
their immediate attachments, such as underframes and springs.
The body-frame is not included as part of the lower running-gear.
(1)
Note. When the mounting of some other part of the
power plant than the motor and the mounting of the motor constitute the
invention, the patent is classified according to the motor-mounting
and a cross-reference, if necessary, placed
in the subclass in which the rest of the invention would be placed
if claimed, per se.
(2)
Note. In the instance of a vehicle wheel which contains
a motor for driving the wheel, classification is in a motor
class as long as the wheel is claimed in such a manner as to amount
to no more than a nominal load for the motor.
for frames carrying a motor or power-plant
and mounted by means of springs on both axles or mounted pivotally
on the front axle and by springs on the rear axle.
This subclass is indented under subclass 58. Power plants mounted pivotally on a rear axle and by means
of springs from an underframe of which the rear axle forms a part.
This subclass is indented under subclass 55. Power apparatus carried by a frame or casing pivoted to
the rear or driving axle at one end and supported resiliently at
the other end by some part of the running-gear other than
the body-frame or the underframe.
This subclass is indented under subclass 54.1. Motors mounted on the body or body-frame and moving
relatively to its support, the rear axle being connected
with the motor, so that as the body moves up and down relatively
to the axle, the distance from the motor-shaft
to the axle is kept constant.
for a motor vehicle having its power plant mounted
on its lower running gear and wherein that running gear comprises
the frame which connects the axles and further wherein the power
plant is an electric motor.
for a motor vehicle having a wheel arrangement comprising
three wheels and wherein at least one wheel is both steerable and
driven and further wherein the vehicle’s motor is mounted
to swing with that wheel, and wherein, in addition, the
motor is electrical in nature.
for a motor vehicle having a wheel arrangement comprising
three wheels and wherein two wheels, which wheels have
a common axis, are driven and further wherein the vehicle’s
motor is electrical in nature.
for a motor vehicle wherein the motor and the body
frame are particularly related to one another and wherein is included
means which enables the repositioning of the motor relative to the
body frame; as explained in (2) Note
of that subclass (298), the motor may
be a prime mover of the battery, or of the motor-generator, type.
Electricity: Transmission to Vehicles, for inventions relating to the transmission of electrical
energy from fixed points to vehicles and not involving specific
vehicle structure nor specific means for applying the electrical energy
to any specific purpose.
Prime-Mover Dynamo Plants,
subclass 45 , and the subclasses (e.g., 9+, 22+, 27-29) indented
under Electric Control, for power-plants for motor-vehicles, including
a prime mover, a generator, and one or more motors. Patents
herein do not include claims for structure specific to vehicles
nor for inventions relating to the mounting of electric-power-plant
structure relative to a vehicle.
This subclass is indented under subclass 65.1. Subject matter wherein an electric motor in the body or
on the body-frame drives the vehicle, combined
with a prime mover, other than another electric motor, for
generating power for the electric motor or for driving the vehicle.
(1)
Note. The electric motor and the prime mover may
act on the same or different wheels of the vehicle and may be usable alternately
or jointly, but both remain on the vehicle at all times.
This subclass is indented under subclass 65.21. Subject matter having a specific or particular functional
arrangement of or interconnection between two or more major components (e.g., wheel, motor/generator, engine, etc.) of
a drive train.
This subclass is indented under subclass 65.22. Subject matter having a functional arrangement which allows
operation in both a first mode wherein the electric motor is supplied
with electric power generated by a generating means carried on the
vehicle, the generating means being driven by a prime mover
other than another electric motor which does not directly drive
the wheels; and a second mode wherein the electric motor, generator
and prime mover are mechanically interconnected with the drive wheels
for driving the vehicle.
This subclass is indented under subclass 65.225. Subject matter wherein a series or parallel drive mode can
be either selected by a user or is changed automatically.
This subclass is indented under subclass 65.225. Subject matter wherein a differential gear (e.g., planetary
differential gear, etc.) is used for
power distribution, in both a series and parallel drive
mode.
This subclass is indented under subclass 65.225. Subject matter wherein an electric motor which can operate
differentially is provided for power distribution, in both
series and parallel drive mode.
This subclass is indented under subclass 65.22. Subject matter wherein the electric motor is supplied with
electric power generated by a generating means carried on the vehicle, the generating
means being driven by a prime mover other than another electric
motor, the prime mover not directly driving the wheels.
This subclass is indented under subclass 65.22. Subject matter wherein the electric motor and prime mover
are mechanically interconnected with the drive wheels for driving
the vehicle.
This subclass is indented under subclass 65.25. Subject matter wherein the electric motor provides an assist
force for driving the vehicle (i.e., it
is not capable of driving the vehicle alone).
This subclass is indented under subclass 65.21. Subject matter provided with a control arrangement of multiple
subunits (e.g., engine, battery, motor, etc.) of
a hybrid propulsion power train.
(1)
Note. A control arrangement lacking a recitation
of vehicle structure, or including only broad recitation
of a vehicle, or of such parts as are necessarily involved in
the definition of a vehicle, would not be placed in
this subclass.
This subclass is indented under subclass 65.21. Subject matter including vehicle having a control arrangement
specific to the operation of a device external to the hybrid power
train relative to hybrid operation, or the control of a
portion of a hybrid power train in relation to an external device.
(1)
Note. A control arrangement lacking a recitation
of vehicle structure, or including only broad recitation
of a vehicle, or of such parts as are necessarily involved in
the definition of a vehicle, would not be placed in this
subclass.
This subclass is indented under subclass 65.21. Subject matter including vehicle having an arrangement for
control of an individual subunit of a hybrid electric power train (e.g., control
of fuel cell, etc.).
(1)
Note. A control arrangement lacking a recitation
of vehicle structure, or including only broad recitation
of a vehicle, or of such parts as are necessarily involved in
the definition of a vehicle, would not be placed in this
subclass.
This subclass is indented under subclass 65.275. Subject
matter including vehicle having a control arrangement specific to
the operation of the prime mover.
(1)
Note. A control arrangement lacking a recitation
of vehicle structure, or including only broad recitation
of a vehicle, or of such parts as are necessarily involved in
the definition of a vehicle, would not be placed in
this subclass.
This subclass is indented under subclass 65.275. Subject
matter including vehicle having a control arrangement specific to
the operation of a motor or generator.
(1)
Note. A control arrangement lacking a recitation
of vehicle structure, or including only broad recitation
of a vehicle, or of such parts as are necessarily involved in
the definition of a vehicle, would not be placed in
this subclass.
This subclass is indented under subclass 65.275. Subject
matter including vehicle having a control arrangement specific to
the operation of the battery.
(1)
Note. A control arrangement lacking a recitation
of vehicle structure, or including only broad recitation
of a vehicle, or of such parts as are necessarily involved in
the definition of a vehicle, would not be placed in
this subclass.
This subclass is indented under subclass 65.1. Subject matter including vehicle wherein the electric
motor is supplied with electric power generated by means carried
on the vehicle.
(1)
Note. The generating means may be a generator driven
by a prime mover or the running gear of the vehicle including the drive
wheels, the drive axle, drive shaft, or
shock absorbing means. The drive may be direct or indirect
through an energy conversion mechanism. Although the
systems in this and the indented subclass may include batteries, for
purposes of this subclass, a storage battery is not considered
to be means for generating electric power.
This subclass is indented under subclass 65.1. Subject matter including vehicle wherein the electric motor
is mounted in the wheel to form part of the wheel or is mounted
on the wheel to move with the wheel as the wheel moves relative
to the vehicle body or frame.
This subclass is indented under subclass 65.1. Vehicles wherein the electric motor is connected to the
drive wheels by a mechanical transmission means comprising intermeshing gears.
(1)
Note. The gearing means is usually used to permit
the motor and drive wheels to rotate at different speeds.
This subclass is indented under subclass 65.6. Vehicles wherein the transmission is provided with means
whereby the ratio of the motor speed to the wheel speed can be selectively changed.
This subclass is indented under subclass 65.1. Vehicles wherein the electric motor is controlled by a circuit
that includes electronic devices such as logic gates, semi-conductors
or vacuum tubes in the circuit.
(1)
Note. The motor and circuit must be claimed in combination
with features limited to a motor vehicle for placement in this subclass. Control
circuits utilizing only normally standard switches, relays or
regulators are excluded from this subclass.
This subclass is indented under subclass 54.1. Power plant apparatus wherein the vehicle is provided with
means for directing cooling air to the power plant for its cooling.
(1)
Note. This subclass includes means to guide air
to the radiator of a liquid cooled engine, housings for
the power plant and having air guide means and air cooled engines
in combination with a motor vehicle.
This subclass is indented under subclass 68.1. Power plant cooling apparatus wherein the air that is used
to cool the power plant is used to heat or cool the vehicle by either
passing through the vehicle before cooling the engine or by passing
into the vehicle after cooling the engine or for other purposes.
This subclass is indented under subclass 54.1. Power plant apparatus wherein the vehicle is provided with
means to guide and/or control air provided to the power
plant for combustion purposes.
(1)
Note. The guide means may be part of the vehicle
frame or may be mounted on the hood covering the power plant.
Heat Exchange,
subclasses 41+ , for a heat exchanger installed on a vehicle; subclasses
67+, for an external support for a heat exchanger; and
subclass 149, for a radiator case having a frame or edge
cover means.
This subclass is indented under subclass 68.4. Radiator or condenser mountings having combined therewith
a protector positioned in front of the radiator or condenser, to
fend off foreign objects which would otherwise strike the radiator
or condenser.
This subclass is indented under subclass 54.1. Devices including dust, protective, or
drip pans adapted to be attached beneath the engines of automobiles.
for a motor vehicle having means for promoting its
safety, which means may be in the nature of a device, mechanism, or
system for either (1) repositioning the hood of
the vehicle or (2) operating a means for locking the
hood, the moving or the securing of the hood being for
the purpose of preventing unauthorized or unintended access or use.
This subclass is indented under subclass 69.2. Power plant covers wherein the cover is pivoted about a
horizontal axis extending transversely off the vehicle.
(1)
Note. The cover is usually of one place construction
and the pivot may be at either the forward end or the rear end of the
cover. The cover may also be provided with an operator
for the cover.
This subclass is indented under subclass 69.2. Power plant covers wherein the cover is provided with means
to reduce the transmission of acoustical vibrations caused by the
operation of the power plant or by the movement of the cover relative
to the vehicle.
This subclass is indented under subclass 69.22. Power plant covers wherein the noise suppression means is
attached to one of the vehicle frame or the cover and engages the
other to prevent acoustical vibration from being transferred between
the cover and the vehicle frame.
This subclass is indented under subclass 69.2. Power plant covers wherein the cover is provided with openings
to permit access to portions of the power plant without opening
the cover completely, said openings being provided with
suitable closures pivoted to or removable from the cover.
(1)
Note. These openings are usually to permit access
to the battery filler caps, the dipsticks, the
radiator cap or other items involved in routine servicing of the power
plant.
This subclass is indented under subclass 69.2. Devices forming a part of the hood or adapted for use with
a conventional hood for deflecting water from the engine compartment
of a motor vehicle.
This subclass is indented under subclass 54.1. Power plant apparatus wherein the power plant is an internal
combustion engine and means are provided to increase automatically
the idle speed of the engine when accessories to be driven by the
engine are connected to drive means driven by the engine.
This subclass is indented under subclass 54.1. Power plant apparatus wherein the power plant is an internal
combustion engine and the vehicle is provided with means to provide
fuel to the engine, said fuel supply means being connected
to the means controlling the operation of the engine.
Land Vehicles,
subclasses 834+ for a general utility land vehicle including a boiler
or tank wherein the tank forms a container or receptacle for a fluid
for use by a prime mover to produce propulsion.
This subclass is indented under subclass 69.4. Power plant fuel supply apparatus wherein the power plant
uses a normally gaseous fuel and means are provided on the vehicle
for storing or generating the fuel.
(1)
Note. The fuel may be stored in gaseous form such
as propane, in liquid for such as LPG or may be generated
and stored by means carried on the vehicle or on a trailer attached
to the vehicle.
This subclass is indented under subclass 54.1. Power plant apparatus wherein the vehicle has two or more
separate power plants mounted on a single body or body frame.
(1)
Note. The power plants may be used individually
or simultaneously and the operation of one may control the operation
of the other.
Planetary Gear Transmission Systems or Components,
subclasses 1+ for plural motors driving a planetary gear transmission
lacking significant vehicle structure.
Interrelated Power Delivery Controls, Including
Engine Control,
subclasses 2+ for plural motors with interrelated control between
a transmission clutch, or brake, and lacking significant
vehicle structure.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Miscellaneous devices for allowing a driven road-wheel
to turn faster than the corresponding wheel on the other side when
the resistance that it meets is less than that of the other.
for a motor vehicle provided with powered, ground-engaging
means for producing, or assisting in the production of, lateral
movement of the vehicle (e.g., for
parking) and wherein the means comprises a rotatably driven auxiliary
wheel or endless track, the drive train for which wheel
or track may include the vehicle’s differential.
Machine Element or Mechanism,
subclasses 640+ for compensating mechanism other than planetary
gearing connecting the adjacent ends of two shafts and subclass
575 for pawls and ratchets connecting one or more wheels to a shaft.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Devices for preventing the cloud of dust raised by the vehicle
from settling on the occupants or the vehicle claimed in combination with
a feature limited to a motor-vehicle.
This subclass is indented under subclass 89.1. Apparatus wherein the passenger compartment of a motor vehicle
is provided with either I, an article receiving compartment
or receptacle means or II, a means which may include a compartment
or receptacle whereby articles such as litter or trash may be positively removed
from within the passenger compartment of a vehicle.
This subclass is indented under subclass 89.1. Apparatus in which a motor vehicle other than what is normally
considered to be a roadway type vehicle (e.g., automobile, truck, bus, etc.) is
provided with an enclosed operator’s compartment or station.
(1)
Note. Cabs for tractors, self-propelled farm
machines, bulldozers, etc., are
classified here providing no specific art structure is claimed.
This subclass will take a nominally claimed bulldozer, harvester, etc.
This subclass is indented under subclass 89.1. Apparatus wherein the body or the vehicle comprises a compartment
or portion for occupation by the vehicle operator, the
compartment or portion being shiftable to at least one other position
or attitude on the vehicle.
(1)
Note. For classification here the cab or operator’s
station in its entirety is movable to an adjusted or alternate position. Where
a portion only of an otherwise fixed cab or operator’s
station is moved to an adjusted or alternate position, classification
is in subclass 89.18 of this class.
This subclass is indented under subclass 89.13. Apparatus wherein the compartment or portion is pivotally
attached to the frame of the vehicle whereby it is shiftable to
an alternate attitude or position.
This subclass is indented under subclass 89.14. Apparatus wherein the compartment is shifted to its alternate
attitude or position by either I, a motive means movable
by the application of a pressurized fluid or II, a linkage
or other gearing provided a mechanical advantage to a user for positively
moving the compartment or portion.
This subclass is indented under subclass 89.13. Apparatus wherein the compartment occupied by the vehicle
operator is positioned at least partially above the motor of the
vehicle.
This subclass is indented under subclass 89.1. Apparatus wherein the motor vehicle comprises body parts
movable to alternate positions, the movable body parts
providing an entrance-way to the vehicle motor.
This subclass is indented under subclass 89.17. Apparatus wherein the body parts movable to alternate positions
comprises either the seat means or other part (e.g., floor) of
the vehicle operator’s compartment.
This subclass is indented under subclass 89.1. Apparatus wherein the compartment occupied by the vehicle
operator is positioned at least partially above the motor of the
vehicle.
This subclass is indented under subclass 89.1. Apparatus wherein the feature comprises means for receiving, conducting, or
otherwise handling the products of combustion discharged from a
motor utilized for propelling a vehicle.
for a motor vehicle which is provided with means
for receiving, conducting, or otherwise handling
the products of combustion discharged from its motor.
This subclass is indented under subclass 89.1. Inventions in the footboards of motor vehicles and in wind
and heat guards for the same, usually in connection with
the pedal openings.
Machine Element or Mechanism,
subclasses 18+ , for a flexible sealing diaphragm attached
to a moving rod and to a casing, and subclasses 469+, for levers
and for guards and devices of this nature claimed significantly
in combination with levers.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Vehicles comprising means maintaining a working fluid mass, i.e., a
cushion or film of fluid, between a surface of the vehicle
and a reaction supporting surface, to cause a force to act
on the vehicle to repel the vehicle from the supporting surface
so as to sustain the vehicle in lift above, but in close
proximity to, the supporting surface, the said
fluid issuing from the vehicle.
(1)
Note. This definition is intended to cover an art
collection of surface effect vehicles and no motor propulsion means need
be disclosed or intended to be used. The vehicle may be
a broadly recited art device and no specific vehicle structure need
be claimed. The fluid cushion may be identified as merely
a support, it being assumed for purposes of this definition, that
a fluid cushion support is intended and is inherently capable of
use in moving any device or load over a surface in the manner of
a vehicle. A subcombination of the vehicle comprising the
surface effect producing means is classifiable under this definition.
(2)
Note. Subject matter under this definition includes
a vehicle having wheels or wheel substitutes and a separate or auxiliary
surface effect producing means.
(3)
Note. The "reaction supporting surface" in
the definition may be any surface (e.g., water, etc.) other
than one which is a part (e.g., a
track, etc.) of the vehicle.
for a motor vehicle having powered means for creating
a fluid force to attract the vehicle to a surface on which it may
travel, and see the reference to this subclass (116) in (2) Note thereof.
Ships, appropriate subclasses, especially
subclass 67 , for surface effect marine vehicles having
propulsion means extending in and acting against the water, as
well as devices peculiar to water borne vehicles.
Aeronautics and Astronautics,
subclasses 12.1+ and 23 for fluid sustained aircraft operating in
both ground effect and free flight conditions. Class 180
takes ground effect machines which utilize the action of a working
fluid mass against a reaction surface to effect a limited lifting
of the vehicle, but do not provide sufficient vertical
thrust that would enable such to attain a free flight condition, i.e., where
the earth’s surface has no effect on the vehicle, the
latter being provided for by Class 244.
Wheel Substitutes for Land Vehicles, appropriate subclasses for wheel substitutes, per
se, with the exception of the fluid supported surface effect devices
provided for by this subclass.
Material or Article Handling,
subclass 676 for an article supported by one or more columns
of air issuing from a surface beneath the article and wherein the
article is moved laterally relative to the surface by mechanical or
manual means.
Education and Demonstration,
subclasses 30+ , for aircraft operation teaching devices
using fluid supported training apparatus to simulate "in space" conditions.
This subclass is indented under subclass 116. A vehicle comprising means to propel the vehicle or control
the direction of movement, attitude, or propulsion
of the vehicle.
This subclass is indented under subclass 117. A vehicle in which a condition indicative of instability
of the vehicle (e.g., a variation
of cushion or curtain pressure, a variation of the height
of the vehicle above the supporting surface, etc.) causes
operation of the propulsion or control means without the intervention
of a human operator.
This subclass is indented under subclass 117. A vehicle wherein the propulsion or control means has at
least a portion thereof in contact with the supporting surface.
This subclass is indented under subclass 120. A vehicle wherein the working fluid is utilized to produce
a fluid cushion which is at least in part, supplied from
and confined by a dynamic seal or fluid curtain.
This subclass is indented under subclass 116. A vehicle provided with means to diminish the undesirable
effect of the upward spray or debris occasioned by the action of
the fluid against the supporting surface, e.g., lateral deflectors, shields, etc.
This subclass is indented under subclass 116. A vehicle provided with a chamber means which is expanded
or inflated by the admission of the working fluid to support the
weight of the vehicle and supply the working fluid for producing
the surface effect.
This subclass is indented under subclass 116. A vehicle wherein the basal area of the vehicle conforms
to the contour of the supporting surface, usually planar, and
is supported above the surface by a thin film of high pressure fluid.
This subclass is indented under subclass 116. A vehicle wherein the working fluid is contained, at
least in part, by separate side walls which are substantially
rigid under normal conditions of use, are rigidly connected
to the vehicle and extended in the direction of movement of the
vehicle.
This subclass is indented under subclass 116. A vehicle provided with a flexible skirt suspended from
the basal area of the vehicle for confining at least a portion of
the working fluid.
This subclass is indented under subclass 127. A vehicle wherein the flexible skirt is provided with an
outlet to supply and maintain the working fluid.
This subclass is indented under subclass 116. A vehicle wherein the working fluid is, at least partially, supplied
and maintained by a dynamic seal or fluid curtain.
WITH POWERED MEANS FOR CREATING FLUID FORCE TO ATTRACT
VEHICLE TO SURFACE OF TRAVEL:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Vehicle provided with a fluid-moving device (e.g., blower, fan) driven
by the vehicle’s propulsion motor or by an auxiliary motor, for
causing a flow of fluid (ordinarily air) away
from all or a portion of the region between the vehicle and a surface
on or along which it may travel (usually a vehicle-underlying
surface) and with such confining structure (e.g., apron, seal) for
the region as may be necessary to cause the flow of fluid therefrom
to result in a less-than-ambient pressure in the region, thus
causing the vehicle to be attracted to the surface (by
a force greater than that of gravity when the surface is a vehicle-underlying
one).
(1)
Note. The art of this subclass is not limited to
the scope of the class definition; rather, the
subclass has been utilized as a collecting point for load transporting devices, not
otherwise provided for, which devices may lack the propulsion motor
of a motor vehicle and, in fact, may amount to
no more than a movable load transporting platform; however, the devices
do meet the requirement of having a powered (ordinarily
by an onboard power plant) means for developing the suction-creating, fluid
flow.
(2)
Note. The devices of this subclass occasionally
have the alternative capability of maintaining a cushion of fluid between
themselves and a reaction-supporting surface (e.g., by
a reversal of the direction of fluid flow) as provided
for in subclasses 116+ below; cross-reference copies
of patents to such devices are found in the appropriate subclass
of that area (subclasses 116+).
In rare instances, the attractive force of this subclass (164) and
the fluid cushion of subclasses 116+ may be operative simultaneously
in different regions of a single device.
WITH FLUID OR MECHANICAL MEANS TO ACCUMULATE ENERGY (I) DERIVED
FROM MOTION OF VEHICLE OR (II) OBTAINED FROM OPERATION OF
VEHICLE MOTOR, AND GIVE UP THE ENERGY (1) WHEN
NEEDED FOR VEHICLE ACCELERATION OR (2) TO POWER
AN AUXILIARY SYSTEM OF THE VEHICLE:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Vehicle provided with means of a fluid or a mechanical nature (e.g., pressure
reservoir, flywheel) to receive and retain energy
which (I) results from the momentum of the vehicle
in ordinary travel, or any other movement of all or part
of the vehicle ancillary thereto, or (II) is produced
by the operation of the motor of the vehicle (which operation
may or may not serve simultaneously a vehicle propelling purpose) which
means will, upon demand, feed back the stored
energy (1) to aid in starting up or increasing
the speed of the vehicle or (2) to drive or otherwise
operate a system of the vehicle which serves other than a propelling
purpose.
(1)
Note. This subclass was established during the project
which reclassified former subclasses 1, 3+, 25+, 42+, 64, 66+, 82+, and
115 and is intended to provide a locus for collecting art which
relates to certain aspects of conserving the energy required for
the operation of a motor vehicle. The art initially placed
here was assembled primarily from the informal records of an examiner
in the class and secondarily from screening the subclasses listed
above; while the collection is believed to be relatively
complete, also, insofar as the nonreclassified
portion of the class is concerned, it may presently contain
only a minor portion of such relevant art as exists in other classes. Inasmuch
as the development of a subclass of this nature was beyond the original
scope of the project, it was necessary to keep the subclass
concept relatively narrow, e.g., to
have broadened it to include energy conservation devices of the
kind commonly associated with electrically propelled vehicles would have
involved reviewing such relatively large fields of art as dynamic
braking, motors which may function alternatively as generators, etc.
Power Plants,
subclass 408 for a motor and a source of fluid for driving the
motor, and wherein the fluid is in the form of a gas which
is supplied to or removed from the motor by, e.g., a pump, and
wherein is further provided a storage vessel for serving as the
gas supplying or removing device and additionally wherein the motor
is a unit which is usable either as a motor (when driven
by gas from the charged storage vessel) or as a pump (when used
to charge the vessel); and subclasses 413+ for
a motor and a source of fluid for driving the motor, and wherein
is provided structure that stores energy and also a manual or condition
responsive means for controlling either the input to the storage means
or the output therefrom.
Land Vehicles,
subclasses 212+ for a land vehicle of the wheeled type provided
with positive means adapting it to be propelled by an occupant, and wherein
the means is one operable by the occupant, and further
wherein is additionally provided a means for storing energy, which
energy is expended in driving the vehicle.
WHEELED INFANT CARRIAGE OR CRIB WITH DRIVEN MEANS FOR RECIPROCATING
IT LONGITUDINALLY:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus comprising a vehicle of the kind used for resting
or transporting an infant, and motor means for moving the
vehicle back and forth in a direction parallel to its longitudinal
axis.
(1)
Note. The purpose of the movement is to quiet or
relax the infant, induce it to sleep, etc.
To further promote such relaxation, etc., it
is not uncommon to also provide means for rocking the infant supporting
portion of the vehicle relative to the remainder thereof.
(2)
Note. A vehicle of this subclass is propelled manually
when being utilized to transport the infant, and, from
that standpoint, is a vehicle for Class 280. However, the
presence of a motor means, which means propels the vehicle
in its direction of travel, albeit to a limited extent, is
considered to make this class (180) the more appropriate
locus.
Land Vehicles,
subclasses 47.34+ for a vehicle of that class which is stable when
traveling and is provided with handle means whereby it may be propelled
by an attendant; and see particularly subclasses 47.38+ thereunder.
WITH MEANS FOR CONTROLLING OPERATION RESPONSIVE TO ELECTROMAGNETIC
RADIATION, MAGNETIC FORCE, OR SOUND WAVES RECEIVED
FROM SOURCE, OR REFLECTED FROM OBJECT OR SURFACE, LOCATED
APART FROM VEHICLE:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Vehicle provided with means for regulating its operation (e.g., starting, steering, stopping), which
means responds to electromagnetic radiation (e.g., radio
rays, light rays, gamma rays) or magnetic
force or sound waves, and wherein the radiation, force, or waves
are either sent to the vehicle from a location remote therefrom
or else are reflected to the vehicle (e.g., an
on-board source creates the radiation, force, or
waves) from an object or surface at such a location.
(1)
Note. The control of a vehicle by an operator located
apart therefrom, and utilizing an electrical conductor, one
end of which travels with the vehicle, to transmit signals
thereto, does not constitute subject matter for this and
the indented subclasses.
for a motor vehicle provided with means which is
responsive to the speed of the vehicle for maintaining its speed
at, or preventing if from exceeding, a particular
value.
for the combination of a motor vehicle and a land
based steering datum, the vehicle including means for sensing the
datum and for controlling a steering motor in accordance with the information
sensed from the datum.
Aeronautics and Astronautics,
subclasses 3.11+ for the remote control of a missile; and
subclasses 189+ for the remote control, by apparatus
of an electrical nature, of an aircraft.
Electricity: Motive Power Systems,
subclass 16 for the control of an electric motor by space-transmitted
electromagnetic or electrostatic energy; and subclass 587
for positional servo systems for guiding a land vehicle about a
single axis.
This subclass is indented under subclass 167. Vehicle wherein the means for regulating the operation of
the vehicle is adapted to function with or under the influence of
a means which is fixed in a position (e.g., embedded
in the roadway which supports the vehicle) and is so configured
as to outline the path which the vehicle is intended to follow.
This subclass is indented under subclass 167. Vehicle wherein the radiation, force, or
waves to which the means responds is that which is reflected from
an object or a surface located remotely from the vehicle.
for a motor vehicle provided with means for controlling
its operation, which means is responsive to electromagnetic
radiation, magnetic force, or sound waves received
from a source, or from an object or surface, located apart
from the vehicle, and wherein the controlling means is
adapted to interact with a stationary means which is of a kind whereby
it describes the intended course of travel of the vehicle.
While the stationary means of that subclass frequently is a conductor embedded
in a pavement, it may also comprise, for example, a
reflecting element on each of a series of roadside posts.
Communications: Directive Radio Wave
Systems and Devices (e.g., Radar, Radio
Navigation), appropriate subclasses for reflected or otherwise
returned wave systems (e.g., object
detection, radar).
WITH MEANS RESPONSIVE TO SPEED OF VEHICLE FOR MAINTAINING SPEED
AT, OR PREVENTING IT FROM EXCEEDING, A PARTICULAR
VALUE:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Vehicle provided with means for controlling its rate of
movement over a supporting surface in response to its speed, which
controlling may consist of either (a) preventing
it from exceeding an arbitrarily established, predetermined
velocity or (b) maintaining it at a particular
velocity, or velocity range, selected by the operator
of the vehicle.
(1)
Note. The means ordinarily includes a device (e.g., a
servomechanism) for operating a velocity-affecting
element (e.g., the throttle) of
the vehicle.
(2)
Note. A means for preventing the vehicle from exceeding
a particular speed often is identified as a "governor" whereas
a means for maintaining the vehicle at a particular speed, or
within a relatively narrow range of speed, frequently is
designated as a "cruise control"; however, the
two functions frequently are so interrelated as to make it difficult
to identify a device as being particularly adapted to perform only
one, or the other, of the functions.
for a motor vehicle having means for controlling
its operation responsive to electromagnetic radiation or magnetic
force or sound waves either received from a source, or
reflected from an object or a surface, located apart from
the vehicle, and wherein the controlling of the operation
of the vehicle may include the regulation of its speed.
Machine Element or Mechanism,
subclass 513 for a linkage system associated with a foot operated
accelerator, which system may include means for locking
the accelerator at a particular point in its travel.
Internal-Combustion Engines,
subclasses 319+ (see especially indented subclasses 350+ and
378+) for means for controlling the speed of an
engine, which engine may be the motor of a vehicle, wherein
the means is responsive to a condition of the engine; and subclass
198 for an accessory (e.g., a fuel
or ignition cutoff device) for an engine.
Fluid Handling,
subclasses 47+ for a system of that class which includes a valve
and a driven actuator therefor, which actuator influences
the operation of the valve in accordance with the speed at which
it is driven.
Railway Switches and Signals, appropriate subclasses for controlling the speed
of a vehicle of the railway type; however, as
indicated in section IV(a) of the class definition
of that class (246), speed control of
a vehicle is elsewhere (as designated therein) "when
all of the mechanism is upon the vehicle and there is no cooperation with
devices on the track or roadway".
Electricity: Electrical Systems and Devices,
subclass 51 for means for protecting an electrical system or device
by sensing an excessive speed condition and activating a protective circuit.
Interrelated Power Delivery Controls, Including
Engine Controls,
subclass 108 for engine speed control and interrelated transmission
control to achieve constant output speed, where specific
vehicle structure is not claimed.
This subclass is indented under subclass 170. Vehicle wherein the means includes a device to audibly, visibly, or
otherwise indicate to a person controlling the operation of the
vehicle that the vehicle is not traveling at the expected or desired
speed.
Communications: Electrical,
subclass 670 for an electrical communication device (e.g., an
alarm) which is automatically responsive to velocity (e.g., of
a vehicle); and indented subclasses 671+ for
a similar device but wherein the velocity sensed is that in an angular
direction (e.g., a centrifugal
governor).
This subclass is indented under subclass 170. Vehicle wherein the means includes a device for sensing
the outward force resulting from imparting curvilinear or rotational
movement to a mass and for reacting (e.g, by
developing a control signal or force) to that force.
(1)
Note. While rotating weights driven at a speed proportional
to that of the vehicle’s motor presently predominate as
the device of this subclass, included also, for example, is
the pendulum of a curve compensator (i.e., a
refinement to the regulating means for automatically adjusting the "set" speed
of the means to changes in the course of the roadway along which
the vehicle is traveling).
This subclass is indented under subclass 172. Vehicle wherein the means includes additional means to discourage, reduce, or
eliminate the possibility of an unauthorized adjusting or other
changing of the controlling means or the use of that means by an
unauthorized person.
(1)
Note. A means for preventing unauthorized use of
the controlling means may serve also to prevent unauthorized use
of the vehicle of which it is a part.
This subclass is indented under subclass 172. Vehicle wherein the device includes a switch of the electrical
type, which is caused to function by the centrifugal force.
This subclass is indented under subclass 170. Vehicle wherein the means includes a servomechanism of the
fluid pressure actuated type for operating a velocity-affecting
element.
This subclass is indented under subclass 175. Vehicle wherein the means includes additional means for
comparing one electrical quantity (e.g., voltage, pulse, waveform, flux, etc.) with another (e.g., a
reference) quantity of a like kind, which comparison
means is involved in the development of a pressure which is fed
into the controlling means.
This subclass is indented under subclass 175. Vehicle wherein the means also includes at least one electrical
component for setting up or maintaining or changing a pressure which
is fed into the means.
(1)
Note. The presence anywhere in the means of any
electrical device or element which sets up or maintains or changes
the pressure is sufficient for classification in this subclass.
This subclass is indented under subclass 170. Vehicle wherein the means includes a servomechanism of the
electrically actuated type for operating a velocity-affecting
element.
This subclass is indented under subclass 178. Vehicle wherein the means includes additional means for
comprising one electrical quantity (e.g., voltage, pulse, waveform, flux, etc.) with another (e.g., a
reference) quantity of a like kind, which comparison
means is involved in the development of an electrical signal which
is fed into the controlling means.
SKI- OR SKATE-TYPE VEHICLE FOR IMPARTING
MOVEMENT TO A PERSON STANDING THEREON:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus comprising either (I) a surface-engaging
power device for pushing or pulling a standing person who is at
least partially supported by, and whose feet are secured to
or in direct contact with, one or more ski- or skate-like (e.g., ice, roller) members, or (b) one or
more ski- or skate-like members which have power
means integral therewith or at least partially attached thereto, and
which are adapted to be secured to or in direct contact with the feet
of a standing person supported thereon.
for a motor vehicle which is adapted to travel upon
endless, flexible track carried by the vehicle, and
wherein the vehicle is provided with means whereby it may be guided
by an attendant who is walking (i.e., is
located apart from the vehicle).
Aeronautics and Astronautics,
subclass 4 for aircraft of the heavier-than-air
type, which subclass may include a device to be attached
to a person for placing the person in, or maintaining him
in, an airborne condition.
This subclass is indented under subclass 180. Apparatus in which the power means is integral with or at
least partially attached to the one or more members.
Land Vehicles,
subclass 11.115 for a skate having means for propelling it, the
means being of a kind which is driven by the person utilizing the skate.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Vehicle having a ski-like or runner member attached
thereto, which member is in sliding contact with a vehicle
supporting surface during a period when the vehicle is in a normal mode
of operation, and wherein the member serves to guide or
to support, in part, at least, the vehicle.
(1)
Note. Vehicle trains consisting of one or more sleds
attached to a motor vehicle are classified in this and the indented subclasses.
Land Vehicles,
subclasses 8+ for a vehicle of that class which is provided with
supporting means of both the wheeled and the runner type; and
subclasses 845+ for a vehicle of that class which is provided
with one or more supporting means in the nature of a ski-like
member.
This subclass is indented under subclass 182. Vehicle in which at least one member is utilized to change
at least part of the supportive engagement of the vehicle with the
surface from a rolling contact type to a sliding contact type.
(1)
Note. If the structure which provided the rolling
contact type of engagement continues to perform--along
with the member--a supporting function, there
is not a substitution within the meaning of this subclass.
Land Vehicles,
subclasses 9+ for a vehicle provided with both supporting wheels
and runners in which either the wheels or runners may be retracted into
an inoperative position leaving the other in a position of support; and subclass
13 for runners which are designed to be applied to the wheels of
a wheeled vehicle.
This subclass is indented under subclass 183. Vehicle provided with a driven endless belt or chain type
propulsion element, which describes a path determined by
two or more longitudinally spaced drive and idler wheels (i.e., the end
wheels) around which it passes, and which directly
engages the supporting surface.
This subclass is indented under subclass 184. Vehicle in which the endless belt or chain-type propulsion
element constitutes a substitute for, or an addition to, a
propulsion element of the kind which comprises a powered wheel having a
periphery which bears directly on the supporting surface.
(1)
Note. The powered wheel may remain in place and
by utilized as a driving wheel for the track.
This subclass is indented under subclass 186. Vehicle wherein at least one surface containing propulsion
element propels the vehicle by alternately (a) freely
sliding upon, or slightly above and generally parallel
to, the supporting surface away from a point on the vehicle
and (b) firmly engaging the supporting surface
and pulling the point on the vehicle towards it.
(1)
Note. The element may be a member in the sense of
subclass 182.
This subclass is indented under subclass 186. Vehicle wherein at least one propulsion element comprises
a reaction surface in the form of a screw or a helix which is driven
about its axis of rotation, said axis being in general alignment
with the direction of the vehicle’s motion.
This subclass is indented under subclass 186. Vehicle including plural propulsion elements, each
attached to one of the cranks of a crankshaft at a point on the
element remote from the surface contacting portion.
Land Vehicles,
subclasses 12.11+ for a sled having an occupant-driven propulsion
means which propels the sled by making intermittent contact with the
sled’s supporting surface.
This subclass is indented under subclass 186. Vehicle wherein at least one propulsion element comprises
an endless belt or chain in direct engagement with the supporting
surface, and which belt or chain travels in a path having a
forward extremity determined by one track driving or guiding wheel
and a rearward extremity determined by another such wheel (i.e., the
end wheels).
This subclass is indented under subclass 190. Vehicle in which a portion of the chain or belt passes through
and projects slightly below an opening in the member or members.
This subclass is indented under subclass 190. Vehicle provided with a belt or chain supporting device
which is situated between, and is vertically movable relative
to at least one of, the end wheels.
(1)
Note. "Support", as used
herein, is not limited to a force exerted in opposition to
gravity; rather, it encompasses any force applied
by a vertically movable device to the inner surface of the belt
or chain in a direction generally normal thereto.
for a motor vehicle having a special driving device
in the nature of a portable track and wherein the track is of the
endless, flexible type and further wherein a support, which
is vertically movable, is provided for the track.
Wheel Substitutes for Land Vehicles,
subclass 141 for a wheel substitute in the nature of an endless
track, and wherein the track is provided with a vertically
movable supporting means intermediate its run.
This subclass is indented under subclass 186. Vehicle including plural, individual, propulsion elements
each attached directly to a single wheel, hub, or
shaft for rotation therewith about its axis.
Land Vehicles,
subclasses 12.11+ for a sled having an occupant-driven propulsion
means which propels the sled by making intermittent contact with the
sled’s supporting surface.
This subclass is indented under subclass 194. Vehicle wherein the elements are attached to the wheel, hub, or
shaft in such a manner as to be moved, at least in part, relative
to the wheel, hub, or shaft during the vehicle’s
operation.
This subclass is indented under subclass 186. Vehicle wherein the propulsion element comprises a powered
wheel having a periphery which bears directly on the supporting
surface.
WITH MEANS FOR DETECTING WHEEL SLIP DURING VEHICLE ACCELERATION
AND CONTROLLING IT BY REDUCING APPLICATION OF POWER TO WHEEL:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus wherein the vehicle is provided with means for
determining if a driven wheel is rotating more rapidly than is proportional
to the speed of the vehicle (i.e., the wheel
is spinning relative to the surface with which it is in engagement) during
a period when the speed of the vehicle is being increased, and
for taking action to reduce or eliminate the unproportionality of
the rotational velocity of the wheel to the speed of the vehicle
by decreasing the amount or the effect of the power being applied
to drive the wheel.
(1)
Note. The means of this subclass is sometimes used
also for detecting wheel slip during braking (i.e., the
wheel is rotating more slowly than is proportional to the speed
of the vehicle and therefore is sliding relative
to the surface it engages), and may include a
capability for reducing or eliminating the unproportionality by
decreasing the braking effort being applied to the wheel.
(2)
Note. In detecting wheel slip of the spinning kind (i.e., as
is associated with acceleration), it is common
practice to use the rotational velocity of a nondriven wheel as
the reference against which the velocity of the driven wheel is
compared.
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2.1