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CLASS 112,	SEWING
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SECTION I - CLASS DEFINITION

This is the generic locus for patents for (1) sewing machines, (2) methods of sewing, and (3) stock material products of a sewing operation. This class is also residual for patents for sewn articles which are not specifically provided for in any other class.

SCOPE OF THE CLASS

Sewing is the operation of uniting or ornamenting material by means of a strand which is inserted (stitched) in the material at spaced locations by a needle having an eye, or equivalent structure, and enchained or otherwise locked in position.

With the addition of product subclasses, no change has been made in the relationship of this class with other classes in regard to patents for machines and processes. See Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, below, for the reference to product subclasses.

SECTION II - LINES WITH OTHER CLASSES AND WITHIN THIS CLASS

PRODUCT SUBCLASSES

With the addition of product subclasses 400-441, inclusive, no change has been made in the relationship of this class with other classes in regard to patents for machines and processes.

Regarding patents for products, it is intended that only such patents in which layers have been secured together, or a strand has been affixed to a base, solely by a stitching operation shall be placed in this class. However, patents for such products which include structure which is the result of an operation which may be considered ancillary to the stitching operation (e.g., manipulating, folding, cutting) or which include merely a description of the sewn material (e.g., woven, knitted, braided, carded, twisted) will not be excluded from this class.

A patent for a stock material product resulting from a combined operation (e.g., sewn and coated or bonded) will be placed in an appropriate subclass in Class 428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, and see the main definition of that class, (428), section V1 A 1.

It is recognized that patents for sewn stock material may be found in other classes. No attempt has been made at this time to collect such patents in this class. It is expected that when such other classes are reclassified, sewn stock material patents will be transferred to this class (112).

Search notes to related classes will be found under the definition of subclass 400 for products, subclass 2 for apparatus, and subclass 262.1 for methods.

SECTION III - REFERENCES TO OTHER CLASSES

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

SECTION IV - GLOSSARY

BLIND STITCH

A stitch in which the sewing thread penetrates only one nonthickness surface of a layer or component. See Figure 1.

COMPONENT

A distinct unitary element of a composite web or sheet which is longitudinally coextensive therewith and which, if separated from said multi-part web or sheet, would be recognized as a web or sheet by itself.

A component may consist of plural layers as in the folded component shown in Figure 2.

COMPOSITE SHEET

A sheet comprising a plurality of components.

COMPOSITE WEB

A web comprising a plurality of components.

CONCEALED STITCH

A stitch in which the sewing thread completely penetrates one or more layers of material and is hidden from view on at least one side of the assembly by a fold of material overlying the stitch. See Figure 3.

FIBER

A relatively short, slender, flexible element of macroscopic size and finite length and having a width and thickness of the same order magnitude. A fiber is generally of staple length to facilitate being spun, twisted, or otherwise secured together into a composite strand but may be of shorter length requiring bonding, felting, or matting to form a strand or layer. It may be of animal (e.g., wool, rabbit hair); vegetable (e.g., cotton, jute, hemp); or mineral (e.g., asbestos, glass, metal) origin; and may be either natural, modified, or synthetic.

LAYER

A single thickness of material or materials in the form of a panel, web, or sheet, or a plurality of any of these in side-by-side coplanar relation, or particulate material arranged in continuity to constitute a distinct stratum.

A layer may include a plurality of components as in Figure 4.

NONTHICKNESS SURFACE

The surface of a web, sheet, layer, or component on which both its length and width may be measured. See Figure 5.

OVEREDGE STITCH

A stitch wherein the sewing thread extends thickness-wise across a marginal extremity of one or more layers of material without penetrating side extremity. See Figure 6.

PANEL

A portion of material of finite perimeter having length and width greater than thickness and (a) having a modification or embellishment of or on the entire periphery thereof or at least two nonadjacent corners, (b) being completely enclosed in an envelope which substantially conforms thereto, or (c) having a boundary shape which is other than rectangle.

SHEET

A rectangular portion of material of finite length and width which are each greater than its thickness. A piece of material having a peripheral shape other than rectangular will be considered a panel.

STRAND

A relatively slender and flexible element having a width and thickness of the same order of magnitude and a length which is either (a) indeterminate or (b) coextensive with the length or width of a sheet or layer. A strand may be a monofilament or it may include either a plurality of filaments or fibers disposed in parallelism (e.g., tow) or constituent fibers and/or filaments knitted, plaited, braided, twisted, interlaced, interlocked, or otherwise secured together to form a unit such as roving, thread yarn, cord, rope or cable.

STRAND PORTION

A strand of finite length; or an unsevered but determinate part of a strand.

STRIP

A web or sheet of relatively narrow ribbon-like material. A strip which is interwoven or intertangled with other strips or strands in the same manner as a strand will be termed a "strand-like strip".

WEB

A portion of material having length and width each greater than its thickness and with at least its longitudinal dimension undetermined.

A web may comprise (a) a single thickness of material, (b) a plurality of portions of a single piece of material folded onto each other longitudinally or transversely, or (c) a plurality of individual web components joined together in longitudinally coextensive face or edge contact to form a composite web.

SUBCLASSES

1	MISCELLANEOUS:
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Not otherwise classified.

2	SPECIAL MACHINES:
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Adapted for special work. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 12,  Boot and Shoe Making,   appropriate subclasses for a shoe making machine including stitching means, and particularly subclass 58.5 for a machine for inserting lacings in the eyelets of shoe uppers. 29,  Metal Working,   subclass 241 for apparatus for assembling and disassembling by a stringing action. 53,  Package Making,   subclass 138.5 for packaging apparatus which includes means for joining portions of the cover material by sewing, and subclass 545 for an apparatus for forming packages by confining the contents within a progressively seamed cover formed from a continuous web or webs. 66,  Textiles: Knitting,   appropriate subclasses for a knitting apparatus. 139,  Textiles: Weaving,   appropriate subclasses for a weaving apparatus. 219,  Electric Heating,   subclass 768 for an apparatus for "electronic sewing". 223,  Apparel Apparatus,   appropriate subclasses for a machine not including stitching means for making, repairing or treating articles of apparel and analogous articles, and see notes thereunder. 289,  Knots and Knot Tying,   subclasses 2+ for an apparatus for tying a knot in a strand. 300,  Brush, Broom, and Mop Making,   appropriate subclasses for a machine particularly adapted to the manufacture of the articles set out in the title of that class. 312,  Supports: Cabinet Structure,   subclasses 21+ for a sewing machine cabinet structure. 416,  Fluid Reaction Surfaces (i.e., Impellers),   subclasses 54+ for a fan actuated by the operation of a sewing machine. 451,  Abrading,   subclasses 432+ for an abrading device designed to be attached to and driven by a sewing machine. A nominal recitation of a sewing machine in combination with such an attachment will not exclude a patent from Class 451. 606,  Surgery,   subclasses 144+ for mechanical machines for sewing portions of an animal body, subclasses 222+ for suturing needles.

2.1	Mattress sewing:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 2.  Device wherein means are provided to fasten together, with needle and thread, material which covers a pad or tick filled with soft material. (1) Note. The pad or tick is generally used, as, or on a bed. (2) Note. The needle is used to fasten material together but is not a part of the fastening means remaining at the end of the sewing process. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 5,  Beds,   subclass 737 for a mattress or cushion with a cover wherein means are provided to physically connect the cover to the mattress or cushion. 29,  Metal Working,   subclasses 91.2+ for an apparatus or process for compressing portions of a furniture cushion or padded furniture component in accord with a desired pattern.

2.2	Tufting:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 2.1.  Device wherein material on upper and lower sides of the pad or tick is fastened together with needle and thread which needle and thread passes through the material and the pad or tick at spaced points over the upper and lower sides of the pad or tick. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 5,  Beds,   subclass 272 for a mattress or cushion with a cover which is secured to the mattress or cushion by tufting.

4	Jacquard card sewing:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 2.  For uniting jacquard pattern-cards by sewing.

6	Broom sewing:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 2.  For making brooms. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 300,  Brush, Broom, and Mop Making,   appropriate subclasses for a machine or method particularly related to one or more of the operations necessary to the manufacture of the articles set out in the title of that class.

7	Carpet sewing:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 2.  For sewing carpets and similar heavy fabrics.

8	Clamps:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 7.  Adapted for use on carpet-sewing machines.

9	Rug sewing:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 2.  For sewing together strips, loops, etc., to form rugs. (1) Note. For making rugs by turfing, see this class, subclasses 80.01+.

10	Bag sewing:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 2.  Automatic machines for making bags. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 53,  Package Making,   subclass 138.5 for devices which make a bag fill and thereafter close the bag by a sewing operation.

11	Sewing filled sacks:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 2.  Holding, feeding, and sewing filled sacks. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 53,  Package Making,   subclass 138.5 for apparatus to fill and then close a package by sewing a seam or seams thereof.

12	Sewing hats:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 2.  For sewing operations on hats. (1) Note. For straw-hat making, see this class, subclass 23. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 475.11, for methods of making headwear.

13	Work supports:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 12.  Work-supports of a hat-sewing machine.

14	Rotary:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 13.  The work-supports have a rotary movement.

15	Guides and pages:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 12.  Guides for hat-sewing machines. (1) Note. For straw-boardguides, see this class, subclass 23.

16	Glove and fur sewing:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 2.  For sewing furs and making leather gloves. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 149, for guides for fur-sewing.

17	Dyeing feature:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 16.  Includes means to color seams.

18	Work holding and feeding:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 16.  Includes special means to manipulate the work.

19	Clamp:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 18.  A clamp-frame manipulates the work.

20	Guiding:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 16.  Includes a guide.

21	Book sewing:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 2.  For sewing books. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 227,  Elongated-Member-Driving Apparatus,   appropriate subclasses for apparatus for applying a member to work, e.g., signature. 412,  Bookbinding: Process and Apparatus,   appropriate subclasses for processes and apparatuses for manufacturing books which may involve sewing operations.

22	Knotting:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 21.  Includes a tying mechanism. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 289,  Knots and Knot Typing,   subclass 1.5 for a method and subclasses 2+ for an apparatus for tying a knot in a strand. 493,  Manufacturing Container or Tube From Paper; or Other Manufacturing From a Sheet or Web,   subclasses 375+ .

23	Straw braid:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 2.  For sewing straw braid, as in making hats. (1) Note. For machines for twisting straw into strands, combined with sewing, see Class 57, Textiles: Spinning, Twisting, and Twining, subclasses 4 and 6.

24	Straw sewing:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 2.  For making mats on straw or similar materials such as those used for bottle-covers.

25	Looped fabrics:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 2.  For stitching looped or knitted fabrics.

26	Preparing:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 25.  Trimming and other operations relating to the sewing process.

27	Work holding and feeding:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 25.  Includes special means to manipulate the work.

28	Leather sewing:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 2.  Machines specially organized to sew leather.

29	Separating and indenting:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 28.  Includes means to form indentations in the leather between the stitches to separate them. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 12,  Boot and Shoe Making,   subclasses 32+ for machines which indent the edge of the sole, particularly subclass 32.1, for those machines provided with means to cause the indentations to occur at the stitch points.

30	Tack pulling:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 28.  Includes means to pull out lasting-tacks from a lasted shoe. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 12,  Boot and Shoe Making,   subclass 16 . 227,  Elongated-Member-Driving Apparatus,   subclass 63 for apparatus for driving a member, e.g., tack, combined with (or convertible to) apparatus for withdrawing the same. 254,  Implements or Apparatus for Applying Pushing or Pulling Force,   subclasses 18+ for devices of the nail-extractor type.

31	Fair stitch:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 28.  Stitches are held in place by friction, either of the threads themselves, or of a plug inserted in the leather or other material.

32	Loop lock:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 28.  The sewing-thread is locked by a loop of another thread, the latter not being locked or enchained.

33	Tongue lock:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 28.  The loop is locked by a tongue cut in the leather or other material.

34	Chain stitch:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 28.  Chain-stitch machines. (1) Note. This subclass includes those machines having straight needles. (2) Note. For further definition of chain-stitch see this class, subclass 154.

35	Curved needle:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 34.  Chain-stitch machines having a curved needle.

36	Lock stitch:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 28.  Lock-stitch machines. (1) Note. This subclass includes those machines having straight needles. (2) Note. For a further definition of lock-stitch, see this class, subclass 154.

37	Curved needle:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 36.  This machine has a curved needle.

38	Oscillating and rotating shuttle:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 37.  The shuttle oscillates or rotates. (1) Note. Revolving-hook machines are also included.

39	Back gauges and rests:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 28.  Means to form a support or rest against which the upper or a lasted shoe may be held to guide the shoe as it is presented to the sole-sewing mechanism.

40	Guards:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 28.  Includes devices to protect the work from injury by the awl or needle.

41	Heating:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 28.  Includes means for heating the machine to soften wax on the thread.

42	Waxing:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 28.  Includes means to wax the thread. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 118,  Coating Apparatus,   appropriate subclasses for coating, per se, and especially subclasses 405 and 425 for immersion coating of strand form work.

43	Lubricating and moistening:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 28.  Includes means to moisten or lubricate the needle, thread, or work to facilitate the sewing. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 42, and 256.

44	Welt slitting and beveling:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 28.  Includes means to bevel the edge of a welt or to slit it transversely.

45	Channeling:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 28.  Includes means to cut a channel in the leather in advance of the needle. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 131,

46	Welt handling:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 28.  Includes means to guide and control the supply of a welt-strip.

47	Feeding:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 28.  Includes means to feed the work. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 226,  Advancing Material of Indeterminate Length,   appropriate subclasses for methods of, and apparatus for, feeding material without utilizing the leading or trailing ends to effect movement of the material.

48	Awl:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 47.  Includes an awl which is shifted to feed the work.

49	Needle:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 47.  Includes a sewing-needle which is shifted to feed the work. (1) Note. For needle-feeds of general application, see this class, subclass 310.

50	Channel guides:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 28.  Includes devices to enter a channel in the work to guide or position the same.

51	Edge and crease guides:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 28.  Includes means to guide the work by contact with an edge of, or crease, or groove in the work.

52	Welt guides:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 28.  Includes means to guide a welt-strip to be stitched.

53	Chain stitch:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 28.  Chain-stitch machines. (1) Note. For further definition of chain-stitch see this class, subclass 154. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 34,

54	Lock stitch:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 28.  Lock-stitch machines. (1) Note. For a further definition of lock- stitch, see this class, subclass 154.

55	Orbital-movement loopers:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 54.  The thread-looper moves in an orbit completely around the needle to lay the thread in the needle-hook.

56	Cast-offs:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 54.  Includes means to cast the previously-formed loop from the needle as it pulls a new loop through the work.

57	Take-ups:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 54.  Includes take-up mechanisms. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 241, through 250, for take-ups of general application.

58	Pull-offs:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 54.  Includes pull-offs or thread-measuring devices. (1) Note. For pull-offs of general application, see this class, subclasses 242 and 243.

59	Tensions:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 54.  Includes tension devices. (1) Note. For tensions of general application, see this class, subclass 254.

60	Presser devices:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 28.  Includes presser-feet and operating mechanism therefor. (1) Note. For presser-feet of general application, see this class, subclass 235, and indented subclasses.

61	Locking:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 60.  Includes means to intermittently lock the presser-foot on the work during sewing.

62	Work supports:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 28.  Includes means to support the work. (1) Note. For work-supports of general application, see this class, subclass 260. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 12,  Boot and Shoe Making,   subclass 123 .

63	Tube forming:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 2.  For making tubular articles.

64	Fringe forming:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 2.  For attaching fringes or loops to the edge of a fabric. (1) Note. For analogous machines, see this class, subclasses 80.01+, 98 and 100.

65	Buttonhole:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 2.  For stitching around the edges of an opening, such as a buttonhole. (1) Note. For making the buttonhole-stitch, see this class, subclass 157. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 264.1, for methods of making buttonholes and eyelets. 446+, for zigzag stitch forming mechanism wherein the needle is shifted back and forth across the line of material feed, which mechanism includes particular structure for sewing a pattern which encloses a portion of the material within boundaries formed by the pattern (e.g., buttonholes).

66	Eyelet making:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 65.  For stitching around the edges of a round opening, such as an eyelet. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 89,

67	Start and stop mechanism:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 65.  Includes mechanism for starting and stopping. (1) Note. For starting and stopping mechanism of general application to sewing-machines, see this class, subclasses 271+.

68	Cutting:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 65.  Includes cutting mechanism. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 83,  Cutting,   appropriate subclasses for apparatus for cutting or pinking sheet or web material, or cutting a strand or yarn.

69	Thrum mechanism:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 65.  Includes means for stitching the thrums or loose ends of thread after the buttonhole proper is made.

70	Clamp feeding:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 65.  The fabric is held in a frame or clamp which is moved. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 19, for similar devices adapted for glove-sewing. 102, and indented subclass. 112, and 117, and indented subclasses.

71	With rotatable needle bar:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 70.  The stitch-forming mechanism is bodily rotated to form an end of the buttonhole.

72	Right line and rotary:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 70.  The clamp is bodily rotated to form an end of the buttonhole.

73	Vibrating needle:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 70.  The needle is shifted laterally in forming the buttonhole-stitch. (1) Note. For vibrating-needle machines, per se, see this class, subclasses 446+.

74	Spreading:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 70.  Buttonhole-clamps and operating mechanism adapted to spread the buttonhole before stitching.

75	Gauging:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 70.  Includes gaging mechanisms.

76	Clamps:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 70.  Work-holding devices. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 114,

77	Attachments:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 70.  Attachable and detachable without disorganization of the sewing mechanism.

78	Embroidering:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 2.  For ornamentation by stitching operations. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 170+, for nonturfing sewing machines employing short lengths of thread and noneyed needles. 475.18, for methods of ornamental stitching.

80.01	Tufting:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 78.  Device including means for inserting a strand or strands through a base material to form a material surface of raised strands or strand loops. (1) Note. Strands or strand loops are "raised" if they extend above the base material by design and do not merely lie thereon. (2) Note. The strand loops may be cut or left uncut after being formed on the base material. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 222+, for thread inserting device elements (needles). 410+, for a web or sheet having a plurality of fibers, strand portions, narrow strand-like strips, or groups of strands which are attached to the web or sheet by stitching and extend outwardly from a surface thereof. 475.23, for tufting methods which do not recite particular structure of a tufting device.

80.02	Rooting hair in doll or wig:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 80.01.  Device wherein the strand or strands are inserted into (1) part of a doll to simulate hair or (2) an element to be worn as artificial or real hair. (1) Note. "Hair" are the filaments forming the coat of an animal or covering a portion of the skin of a human. (2) Note. With regard to (1), the strand or strands are usually inserted into a doll"s head. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 132,  Toilet,   subclass 5 for processes, under that class definition, for making wigs, switches, rolls, or other artificial hair structures, subclass 56 for devices, under the class definition, specially designed for making wigs, switches, rolls, or other hair structures.

80.03	Hand implement:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 80.01.  Device wherein the device is supported by and manipulated by the hands of a human attendant. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 169, for hand sewing implements of general application.

80.04	With power drive:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 80.03.  Device including a motivating means, other than the human attendant, for generating and imparting motion to the device.

80.05	Having hollow or chance needle:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 80.03.  Device wherein the strand inserting means has an elongated portion which penetrates the material to pass the strand or strands therethrough, the elongated portion having (1) a cavity substantially parallel to the direction of elongation or (2) a passage or groove substantially parallel to the direction of elongation. (1) Note. The cavity of (1) and the passage or groove of (2) are usually for guiding the strand or strands.

80.06	Having noneyed needle:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 80.03.  Device wherein the strand inserting means has an elongated portion which penetrates the material to pass the strand or strands therethrough substantially transverse to the direction of elongation. (1) Note. The elongated portion usually has a reentrant or planar surface which engages the strand or strands. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 80.03+, for an eyed needle having an eye opening latch or gate.

80.07	Yarn manipulation by fluid flow:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 80.01.  Device wherein a streat or air or other fluid acts directly on the strand or strands to guide, tension, advance, or otherwise handle the strand or strands. (1) Note. The fluid medium is usually air which acts directly on the strand or strands, for example to propel the strand or strands through a guiding tube.

80.08	Having hollow needle:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 80.07.  Device wherein the strand inserting means has an elongated portion which penetrates the material to pass the strand or strands therethrough, the elongated portion having a cavity substantially parallel to the direction of elongation for guiding the strand.

80.15	Dual sided:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 80.01.  Device wherein surfaces of raised strands or strand loops are formed on both upper and lower (opposite) sides of the base material.

80.16	Including hollow or channelled needle:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 80.01.  Device wherein the strand inserting means has an elongated portion which penetrates the material to pass the strand or strands therethrough, the elongated portion having (1) a cavity substantially parallel to the direction of elongation or (2) a passage or groove substantially parallel to the direction of elongation. (1) Note. The cavity of (1) and the passage or groove of (2) are usually for guiding the strand or strands. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 80.02, for tufting devices which root hair in a doll or wig and which have a hollow or channelled needle. 80.05, for hand tufting implements having a hollow or channelled needle. 80.08, for tufting devices which have fluid means for manipulating a strand and which also have a hollow needle.

80.17	Including noneyed needle:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 80.01.  Device wherein the strand inserting means has an elongated portion which penetrates the material to pass the strand or strands therethrough, the elongated portion having strand engaging structure other than a hole therethrough substantially transverse to the direction of elongation. (1) Note. The elongated portion usually has a reentrant or planar surface which engages the strand or strands. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 80.02, for tufting devices which root hair in a doll or wig and which include a noneyed needle. 80.06, for hand tufting implements which have a noneyed needle.

80.18	With condition responsive stop motion means:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 80.01.  Device including means for halting the operation of the device upon the detection of a random, noncyclic condition or change of condition, without the intervention of an operator or human attendant. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 271+, for elements used in sewing operations which facilitate stopping or starting of the sewing drive mechanism.

80.23	With optical, electronic, or magnetic pattern program means:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 80.01.  Device wherein instructions having light sensitive, electrical, or magnetic properties are read and acted upon by the device to form a designed (i.e., patterned) surface of strands or strand loops. (1) Note. Devices wherein a human attendant must intervene to read or act upon the instructions to form the designed surface of strands or strand loops are not included in this subclass. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 470.01, for sewing devices wherein the operation of the device is controlled by a prearranged pattern or program.

80.24	Having pattern drum:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 8.23.  Device including a cylinder which has the instructions stored upon its circumferential surface or upon an element (e.g., sheet) placed upon the circumferential surface. (1) Note. The cylinder usually rotates relative to a device which reads the instructions.

80.3	With specific fabric supporting, manipulating, cutting, or treating means:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 80.01.  Device wherein significance is attributed to (1) means for holding, guiding, tensioning, advancing, severing, or otherwise handling the base material or (2) means for subjecting the base material to a physical or chemical process in order to change a characteristic of the material. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 303+, for stitch forming mechanisms having means for feeding work material.

80.31	Means to shift fabric laterally of feed:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 80.3.  Device for moving the base material transverse to a direction of material advance past the strand inserting means.

80.32	Means to feed fabric:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 80.3.  Device for advancing the base material past the strand inserting means.

80.33	Fabric vertically moveable at tufting position:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 80.3.  Device for holding the base material wherein the device and the material held thereby are adjustable or otherwise transportable, at the location or strand insertion, in a direction transverse to a face of the held material. (1) Note. The material is usually moveable in a direction toward or away from the strand inserting means for varying the depth of penetration of the inserting means into the material.

80.4	Including specific needle supporting or manipulating mans:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 80.01.  Device wherein significance is attributed to means for holding, moving, or guiding a strand inserting means having an elongated portion which portion penetrates the base material to pass the strand or strands therethrough. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 80.04, for power driven hand tufting implements which include needle supporting or manipulating means. 221, for sewing devices which include a driving mechanism for driving a needle. 222+, for needle element structure, per se.

80.41	Means to shift needle laterally of fabric feed:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 80.4.  Device for moving the strand inserting means transverse to a direction of material advance past the inserting means. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 80.31, for tufting devices which include means to move the base material transverse to a direction of material advance past the strand inserting means.

80.42	Means to vertically adjust stroke:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 80.4.  Device for reciprocating the strand inserting means in a direction parallel to its direction of elongation which includes (1) means for adjusting the amplitude of reciprocation or (2) means for adjusting the position of reciprocation in a direction parallel to the direction of reciprocation.

80.43	Means to selectively drive one of plural needles:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 80.4.  Device wherein there are at least two strand inserting means, having an elongated portion which portion penetrates the base material to pass a strand or strands therethrough, the device further including means to reciprocate, in the direction of elongation, one of the inserting means to penetrate the base material while not reciprocating, in the direction of elongation, one other of the inserting means.

80.44	Means to disconnect needle and drive:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 80.4.  Device for making and braking a motive coupling between (1) the strand inserting means and (2) an element which imparts reciprocation to the strand inserting means to cause the strand inserting means to penetrate the material. (1) Note. This subclass includes devices (1) means to disconnect a needle bar and a needle toprevent the needle from reciprocating or (2) means to disconnect a needle bar and the bar"s drive means. (2) Note. A device having merely a switch which turns on a tufting machine"s drive motor is not included in this subclass. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 80.41, for tufting devices which include means to shift the needle laterally of fabric feed. 80.43, for tufting devices which include means to selectively drive one of plural needles. 221, for needle driving mechanisms which may include disconnect means for skip stitching. 450, for zigzag stitch forming devices which have a vibrating needle and skip stitch mechanism. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 192,  Clutches and Power-Stop Control,   appropriate subclasses.

80.45	Supporting structure:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 80.4.  Device for mounting, holding, or carrying the strand inserting means. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 80.03+, for hand tufting devices which include means to hold a strand inserting means (e.g., handle). 226, for elements used in sewing operations which clamp a needle to a needle bar.

80.5	Including specific loop catcher:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 80.01.  Device wherein significance is attributed to means for engaging, holding, or guiding a strand portion which portion has been formed on the base material and which portion is in the configuration of a roughly oval, closed or nearly closed turn or figure (i.e., a strand loop). (1) Note. "Loopers", "hooks", and loop guiding guards are included in this and indented subclasses. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 80.03+, for hand tufting implements which include loop catcher means. 80.15, for tufting devices which produce tufts on both sides of the base material and include loop catcher structure.

80.51	Bill with clip or gate:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 80.5.  Device wherein the strand loop engaging, holding, or guiding means includes an elongated portion with a free and adapted to extend through a strand loop and further includes means acting in cooperation with the elongated portion to surround the periphery of or otherwise hold or contain the strand loop. (1) Note. The means cooperating with the elongated portion is usually mounted on the strand loop engaging, guiding, or hold means.

80.52	Plural loop catchers having different shapes or orientations:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 80.5.  Device wherein at least two means are provided which each engage, hold, or guide a strand loop wherein each of the means (1) has a different appearance or (2) operates with a different positional relationship with regard to the strand loop being engaged, held or guided. (1) Note. Each of the loop engaging, holding, or guiding means may act on the same stand loop or set of loops or may act on a different loop or set of loops. (2) Note. In loop catching devices with plural loop catching bills, each bill and associated support is considered to be a separate strand loop engaging, hold, or guiding means. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 80.15, for dual sided tufting devices having plural loop catchers with different shapes or orientations.

80.53	Stationary relative to one another:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 80.52.  Device wherein the strand loop engaging, holding, or guiding means do not move relative to one another during operation of the device.

80.54	Variable height loops:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 80.5.  Device wherein the strand loop engaging, holding, or guiding means engages, holds, or guides strand loops of differing lengths which have been formed on the base material. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 80.52+, for plural loop catchers having different shapes or orientations which may engage, hold, or guide strand loops of differing lengths which have been formed on the base material. 80.55+, for tufting devices including loop catcher structure with loop cutting means which cuts a strand loop thereby forming two strands of unequal length. 80.7+, for tufting devices including yard manipulating means for producing variable height strands or strand loops on the base material by varying the rate of feed of the strands to the strand inserting means (e.g., backdrawing).

80.55	With loop cutting means:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 80.5.  Device including means for severing the strand loop. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 80.51, for tufting devices including loop catching structure with loop cutting means, which structure has a loop catching bill with a clip or gate. 80.71, for tufting devices including means to sever a strand. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 26,  Textile: Cloth Finishing,   subclass 8 for devices under that class definition for cutting pile loops, and particularly subclasses 9+ for devices which simultaneously cut pile loops while feeding material.

80.56	Selective cutting means:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 80.55.  Device including means for severing one strand loop and for never severing another strand loop. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 80.51, for tufting devices having a bill with a clip or gate which devices include means for severing one strand loop and for never severing another strand loop.

80.57	Rotary cutter:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 80.55.  Device wherein the severing means rotates about a central axis. (1) Note. Devices having a severing means which merely oscillates along an arcuate path are classified by other features.

80.58	Knife pivots on loop catcher:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 80.55.  Device wherein the strand loop severing means is supported by and rotates about the means which engages, holds, or guides the strand loop. (1) Note. Devices with severing means which are supported on and rotate about a support of the loop engaging, holding, or guiding means are included in this subclass if the support is integral with and does not move relative to the loop engaging, holding, or guiding means.

80.59	Cutting means stationary relative to loop catcher:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 80.55.  Device wherein the severing means does not move with respect to the means which engages, holds, or guides the strand loop.

80.6	Including supporting structure (e.g., knife block):
	This subclass is indented under subclass 80.55.  Device having means for mounting, holding, or carrying the severing means.

80.7	Including specific yarn manipulating, cutting, or treating means:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 80.01.  Device wherein significance is attributed to (1) means for guiding, tensioning, advancing, severing, or otherwise handling the strand or (2) means for subjecting the strand to a physical or chemical process in order to change a characteristic of the strand. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 80.07+, for tufting devices including fluid actuating means for guiding, tensioning, advancing, or otherwise manipulating a strand. 80.18, for tufting devices including a stop motion device such as for detecting a broken strand. 222+, for elements used in sewing operations which insert thread. 273, for elements used in sewing operations which sense a condition of a sewing thread and facilitate the starting or stopping of a sewing drive mechanism. 285+, for devices having a thread cutting, severing, or breakingelement.

80.71	Cutting or treating means:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 80.7.  Device for (1) severing the strand or (2) subjecting the strand to a physical or chemical process in order to change a characteristic of the strand. (1) Note. Strand dyeing devices are included in this subclass. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 80.55+, for tufting devices including a loop catcher with a loop cutter.

80.72	Feed via intermeshing slats:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 80.7.  Device for advancing the strand including two sets of bars, one set of which overlaps and opposes a second set in an intermeshing area, each bar having a projected edge which contacts the strand when in the intermeshing area. The two sets of bars are driven to advance the strand by alternately passing the strand from a projected edge of one bar of the one set to a projected edge of an opposing bar of the second set. (1) Note. The bars are often provided with indentations in the strand contacting projected edges which indentations vary in depth are are configured so as to cause a variation in the rate of strand advance.

80.73	Feed roller:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 80.7.  Device for advancing a strand wherein the strand advancing means has a drive, rotating, cylindrical element over which the strand is guided.

81	Hemstitch:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 78.  For hemstitching.

82	Universal feed:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 81.  The machine has a feed mechanism controllable to move work in all directions. (1) Note. For universal feeding mechanism, per se, see this class, subclass 309.

83	Horizontal needle:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 78.  The needle operates in a horizontal plane.

84	Pattern controlled:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 83.  The machine is controlled by a pattern mechanism, such as a jacquard.

85	Boring:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 84.  The boring-tool is pattern-controlled.

86	Fabric shifting:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 84.  The fabric-shifting mechanism is pattern controlled.

87	Stopping:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 83.  Includes mechanism for starting and stopping. (1) Note. For mechanism for starting and stopping of general application to sewing machines, see this class, subclass 271.

88	Article attaching:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 83.  Attaching separate articles for ornamentation. (1) Note. For general article-attaching, see this class, subclass 104, and indented subclasses.

89	Boring:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 83.  Includes mechanism to bore or pierce the fabric to be sewed. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 85,

90	Fabric shifting:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 83.  Includes special fabric-shifting mechanisms. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 86,

91	Balancing:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 90.  Counterbalancing the weight of the fabric-shifting frame.

92	Spring:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 90.  Counterbalancing by a spring.

93	Stitch forming:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 83.  Includes special stitch-forming mechanism. (1) Note. For general stitch-forming mechanism see this class, subclass 154, and indented subclasses.

94	Short thread:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 93.  The needle passes bodily through the fabric inserting a thread of definite length. (1) Note. For general short-thread machines, see this class, subclass 170, and indented subclasses.

95	Shuttle type:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 93.  Includes a shuttle to insert a locking-thread. (1) Note. For shuttle-machines, generally, see this class, subclass 185, and indented subclasses.

96	Thread take-up:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 93.  Includes mechanisms to take up the slack in the needle-thread. (1) Note. For take-ups, generally, see this class, subclass 241, and indented subclasses.

97	Thread tension:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 93.  Includes tension mechanisms for the needle-thread. (1) Note. For tensions, generally, see this class, subclass 254, and indented subclass.

98	Vertical needle:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 78.  The needle operates in a vertical plane.

99	Attaching ornaments:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 98.  Attaching separate articles, including cords and braids, for ornamentation. (1) Note. For general article-attaching, see this class, subclass 104 and indented subclasses, and 139.

100	Thread:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 99.  Threads are entwined with stitch without penetrating the fabric. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 161,

101	Attachments:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 100.  Attachable and detachable without disorganization of sewing mechanism.

102	Fabric shifting:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 98.  Includes special fabric-shifting mechanisms.

102.5	Electronic pattern controlled or programmed:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 102.  Device including a control system having an electronic program storing means to produce either (a) a series of stitches along a predetermined path, or (b) to control an ancillary operation of the machine. (1) Note. An example of an ancillary operation includes a machine generated audio voice command, a pattern learning system, etc. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 80.23+, for an embroidery-type tufting device responsive to an optical, electronic or magnetic pattern program means. 445+, for a vibrating needle-type zigzag stitch forming mechanism having an electronic memory and an indicator. 447, for a vibrating needle-type zigzag stitch forming mechanism for sewing a closed pattern (e.g. buttonhole, etc.) having electronic memory. 453+, for a vibrating needle-type zigzag stitch forming mechanism having electronic memory, especially subclass 458 wherein the device includes pattern selection means through which an operator can select one pattern from a plurality of patterns. 470.01+, for a pattern controlled or programmed sewing machine. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 33,  Geometrical Instruments,   subclasses 700+ for an instrument for the measurement of a distance, especially subclass 735 where the measurement device is for flexible material and is achieved by rolling contact and the resultant data is processed through a computer. 38,  Textiles: Ironing and Smoothing,   subclass 102.2 for an embroidery hoop. 73,  Measuring and Testing,   subclasses 159+ for an inspecting, measuring, or testing device for a sheet, woven fabric, fiber, or filament. 74,  Machine Element or Mechanism,   subclasses 25 through 62for a mechanism which converts rotary motion to reciprocating motion or reciprocating motion to rotary motion; subclasses 111 through 125.5 for an intermittent grip-type device, especially subclasses 112 through 125.5 for an intermittent grip-type device which converts rotary motion to intermittent unidirectional motion; and subclasses 113 and 114 for an intermittent grip-type device which converts rotary motion to intermittent unidirectional motion which includes an automatic control system. 250,  Radiant Energy,   subclass 202 for a photocell system responsive to a pattern, subclass 548 for a photocell system which controls a web, strand, strip, or sheet; subclasses 559+ for a photocell which is responsive to light from a web, strand, strip, or sheet and which produces an electrical signal which is indicative of some characteristic of the material; and subclasses 571+ for a prephotocell system which detects the presence, absence, or some characteristic of a web, strand, strip, or sheet. 318,  Electricity: Motive Power Systems,   appropriate subclasses for a motor control system in general, and especially subclasses 567+ for an electrical motor control system which uses a program or pattern control system.

103	Frames:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 102.  The fabric is clamped in a frame.

104	Article attaching:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 2.  Attaching separate articles, such as labels, buttons, etc. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 88, 99, 100, 101, and 265.1+.

105	Hook and eye:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 104.  Attaching hooks and eyes.

106	Feeding:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 105.  Includes means to feed hooks and eyes to be sewed. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 221,  Article Dispensing,   appropriate subclasses for article dispensers (feeders) not otherwise provided for and not combined with a sewing machine, and see the class definition of Class 221 for the disposition of related disclosures of article and strip feeding processes and apparatus.

107	Carriers:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 105.  Holders for hooks and eyes to be sewed on.

108	Eye-shank button:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 104.  Sewing eye-shank buttons. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 29,  Metal Working,   subclass 243.56 for an apparatus not elsewhere classifiable for joining a first part to a second part by applying a clip. 227,  Elongated-Member-Driving Apparatus,   subclasses 31+ for combined apparatus for assembling a button with a workpiece and applying a member, e.g., nail, thereto.

109	Vibrating needle:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 108.  The needle is shifted laterally.

110	Flat button:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 104.  Sewing on flat buttons.

111	Vibrated needle:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 110.  The needle is shifted laterally. (1) Note. Includes those where the button-holder is also shifted.

112	Vibrated clamp:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 110.  The button-holding clamp is shifted laterally. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 111,

113	Feeding:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 104.  Article-feeders specially adapted for sewing machines. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 106, and 144. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 221,  Article Dispensing,   appropriate subclasses for article dispensers (feeders) not otherwise provided for and not combined with a sewing machine, and see the class definition of Class 221 for the disposition of related disclosures of article and strip feeding processes and apparatus.

114	Clamps:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 104.  Holders for articles to be attached. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 107, 112, and 115.

115	Attachments:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 104.  Attachable and detachable without disorganization of the sewing mechanism. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 101,

116	Crocheting:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 2.  For applying to the edge of a fabric a succession of stitches joined by one or more crochet-stitches.

117	Quilting:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 2.  For sewing quilts.

118	Fabric shifting:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 117.  Includes mechanisms to shift the work with respect to the stitching mechanisms.

119	Frames:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 118.  The work is stretched in a frame.

120	Infolding:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 2.  For stitching two plies of fabric folded inward toward each other.

121	Darning:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 2.  For darning fabrics. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 66,  Textiles: Knitting,   subclass 2 .

122	Trimmers:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 2.  Includes mechanisms for trimming the work adjacent the seam. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 83,  Cutting,   appropriate subclasses for cutting or pinking of sheet material.

122.1	Having specified stitching mechanism:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 122.  Device wherein significance is attributed to the means for uniting or ornamenting material by means of a thread.

122.2	Pinker:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 122.1.  Device wherein work is trimmed leaving a pattern, usually sawtoothed work edge. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 83,  Cutting,   subclass 918 for cross-referenced art collection pinking devices.

122.3	Rotary cutter:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 122.  Device including a knife which rotates about a central axis in performing the cutting operation.

122.4	Pinker:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 122.3.  Device wherein work is trimmed leaving a pattern, usually sawtoothed work edge. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 83,  Cutting,   subclass 918 for cross-referenced art collection pinking devices.

125	Manual control:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 122.  Includes means for throwing in and out of operation.

126	Laterally adjustable:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 122.  Adjustable to and from the line of feed.

127	Ply separating:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 122.  For trimming different plies separately.

128	Needle-bar operated:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 122.  Includes operative connection with needle-bar.

129	Cutters:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 122.  Includes special cutting elements. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 30,  Cutlery,   for knives. 83,  Cutting,   appropriate subclasses for cutting and pinking apparatus.

130	Severing:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 2.  Sever parts of work, as strips or tapes, after seam is completed.

131	Creasers and markers:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 2.  Devices which mark either by creasing or otherwise, adapted for use on a sewing machine.

132	Rufflers and gatherers:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 2.  For making ruffles and gathers in the work.

133	Smocking:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 132.  For gathering and stitching in the manner known as "smocking".

134	Attachments:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 132.  Attachable and detachable without disorganization of the sewing mechanism.

135	Vibrating blade:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 134.  Includes a vibrating blade which engages the work.

136	Guides:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 2.  Means to guide the work. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 226,  Advancing Material of Indeterminate Length,   may include a nominal recitation of a supply or take-up coil (e.g., less than a support for such a coil or a cooperative relationship between a tension or exhaust detector and reel driving or reel stopping means, etc.), subclass 196.1 for a passive guide combined with a material feeder. 242,  Winding, Tensioning, or Guiding,   subclasses 157+ for a residual guide that directs a strand*, subclass 566 for an unwinding apparatus having a particular guide or guard, or subclasses 615+ for a residual guide or guard that directs elongated flexible material that may be combined with more than nominal winding structure.

137	Binders:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 136.  To fold a strip over an edge of the work to be attached as a binding.

138	Strip reversing:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 137.  The binding-strip is supplied from one side.

139	Braiders and corders:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 136.  To facilitate applying braids and cords to a fabric.

140	Blind stitch:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 136.  Guides adapted for blindstitching.

141	Hemmers:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 136.  Includes means to fold the work to form a hem.

142	Lap seam:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 141.  To form a lap-seam.

143	Adjustable:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 141.  Includes means to adjust.

144	Tucking:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 136.  For making tucks.

145	Box plait:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 144.  For making tucks in the form of a box-plait.

146	Spacing:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 144.  Includes mechanism to facilitate spacing.

147	Folding:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 136.  Includes means to fold the work.

148	Fabric holding:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 136.  Fabric-holders and means for guiding the holder. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 101,  Printing,   subclass 415.1 .

149	Fringe turning:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 136.  Guides which turn back projecting threads of ragged edges, pile-threads of carpets,the hair of fur, etc. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 20,

150	Pressure:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 136.  Guides which press upon the material guided.

151	Presser bar attached:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 136.  Guides attached to presser fork or bar.

152	Strip:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 136.  Engaging two edges of fabric or material to be sewed. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 139,

153	Edge:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 136.  Device which guides the work according to a profile of one edge thereof. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 140,

154	STITCH FORMING:
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Devices having mechanisms which cooperate to form stitches in work material. (1) Note. Lock-stitch machines, including the revolving-hook type and the shuttle type, are those in which a mass of threads is passed bodily through a loop of needle-thread. In chain stitch machines, one loop is inserted through another loop without passing the mass of thread supply therethrough. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 93,

155	Multiple machines:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 154.  Includes a plurality of complete stitch-forming mechanisms.

156	Knot tying:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 154.  Sewing machines including means to tie the stitching-threads. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 22,

157	Zigzag:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 154.  The line of stitches is zigzag.

159	Shifting looper:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 443.  The looper (either chain or lock stitch) is shifted with the needle.

160	Surging:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 157.  The fabric is moved back and forth across the line of feed.

161	Purling:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 157.  An additional thread is entwined with the stitches. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 100,

162	Overseaming:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 154.  The thread of the stitch is carried over an edge of fabric by some mechanism other than the needle. (1) Note. For those machines where the thread is carried over by the needle, see this class, subclass 65. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 16, for overedge seaming machines adapted for making gloves. 475.26, for methods of forming an overedge seam.

163	Multiple needle:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 154.  Characterized by a plurality of needles. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 452, for a zigzag stitch forming mechanism wherein the needle is shifted back and forth across the line of material feed which mechanism further includes a second needle.

164	Shuttle type:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 163.  The locking-thread is inserted by a shuttle. (1) Note. For shuttle-type machines, generally, see this class, subclass 185.

165	Chain and double chain:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 163.  Forming a chain-stitch seam. (1) Note. For chain-stitch machines, generally, see this class, subclass 197, and indented subclasses.

166	Multiple looper:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 165.  Includes a looper for each needle.

167	Adjustable:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 163.  Includes means to change the spacing between the multiple stitch-forming mechanisms.

168	Convertible:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 154.  Adapted for conversion from one type to another, as from chain-stitch to lock-stitch.

169	Hand implements:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 154.  Machines without bases adapted to be held in the hands while operating. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 80.03+, SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 223,  Apparel Apparatus,   subclass 104 for awl type thread inserters. 606,  Surgery,   subclasses 144+ , for hand manipulated sewing devices for inserting sutures into an animal body.

170	Short thread:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 154.  The needle passes bodily through the fabric, inserting a thread of definite length, as in hand-sewing.

171	Double-pointed needle:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 170.  The needle is passed through the work each end alternately.

172	Overedge:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 170.  Forming an overedge-seam.

173	Running stitch:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 154.  The thread passes through the work from one side to the other alternately.

174	Crimping:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 173.  Includes means to crimp the work.

175	Stationary needle:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 173.  The work is fed upon a stationary needle.

176	Blind stitch:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 154.  The thread does not pass all the way through the work so that no seam appears on one side. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 267.1, for methods of blind stitching.

177	Overseaming:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 176.  Forming an overedge-seam. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 268.1, and 269.1, for methods of forming an overedge seam.

178	Work handling:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 176.  Work-handling (supporting, feeding, manipulating, etc.) for blindstitch machines.

179	False hemstitch:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 154.  The stitch is formed loosely, so that two fabrics united thereby may be separated to simulate hemstitching.

180	Bobbin ejector:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 154.  Includes means to facilitate removal of the bobbin.

181	Revolving-hook type:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 154.  A hook member draws out the needle-loop without passing bodily therethrough, the under-thread carrier or bobbin being passed bodily through the loop either by the movement of the loop or the carrier. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 467, for a zigzag stitch forming mechanism wherein the needle is shifted back and forth across the line of material feed which mechanism includes specified means for working the thread on the side of the material opposite the side from which the needle penetrates the material.

182	Timing:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 181.  The hook is operated at a variable speed or through a plurality of revolutions to one reciprocation of the needle.

183	Reciprocating bobbin:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 181.  The thread-carrier is reciprocated bodily through the loop.

184	Vertical axis:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 181.  The hook moves about a vertical axis.

185	Shuttle type:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 154.  A movable thread-carrier draws out the needle-loop and passes bodily through it. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 95, and 164. 467, for a zigzag stitch forming mechanism wherein the needle is shifted back and forth across the line of material feed which mechanism includes specified means for working the thread on the side of the material opposite the side from which the needle penetrates the material.

186	Shuttle replenishing:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 185.  Includes means to replenish the under thread.

187	Loop spreaders:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 185.  Includes means to aid in spreading the loop.

188	Bobbin latch:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 185.  Includes devices to fasten the bobbin in place.

189	Rotary:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 185.  The shuttle revolves about a given axis.

190	Timing:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 189.  The shuttle rotates with a variable speed.

191	Vertical axis:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 189.  The shuttle moves about a vertical axis.

192	Oscillatory:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 185.  The shuttle moves back and forth about an axis.

193	Vertical axis:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 192.  The axis is vertical.

194	Reciprocatory:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 185.  The shuttle moves back and forth in a straight line.

195	Longitudinal:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 194.  The shuttle moves lengthwise of the bed or arm of the machine.

196	Holders and raceways:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 185.  Includes specific shuttle-holders or raceways.

197	Chain or double chain:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 154.  One loop of thread is inserted through another without passing the thread-supply mass therethrough.

198	Hooked needle:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 197.  Includes a hooked needle.

199	Oscillating or reciprocating looper:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 197.  The looper oscillates back and forth about a central axis or in a given path.

200	Four-motion looper:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 197.  The looper is moved in four directions. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 159,

201	Rotating looper:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 197.  The looper rotates continuously.

202	Vertical-axis looper:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 197.  The looper moves about a vertical axis.

217	Seam finishing:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 154.  Includes means for beating out or finishing the seam.

217.1	WITH TABLES OR STANDS:
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Supports for devices including a generally flat horizontal top or working surface member, supporting frame or base structure therewith and either (a) mechanism for driving or controlling a sewing device on the said surface or (b) work or product supporting or handling features claimed in relation to the sewing device.

217.2	For plural sewing units:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 217.1.  Sewing machine stands for supporting multiple sewing devices.

217.3	With power control or clutch:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 217.1.  Sewing machine stands including mechanisms to aid in the drive or control of an electric or mechanical motor connected with the sewing machine.

217.4	Conversion of foot-treadle driven machine:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 217.3.  Subject matter wherein the stand includes a foot-treadle disclosed for driving the sewing device wherein the motor displaces the foot-treadle drive and the motor control is usually connected with the foot-treadle. (1) Note. In some instances the foot-treadle drive and the motor drive are both operative and may be used selectively. However, usually, the conversion is from foot-treadle to motor driven.

220	Driving mechanisms:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 270.  Construction of driving mechanisms.

221	Needle:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 220.  For driving the needle. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 80.4+, for an embroidering, tufting device having needle supporting or manipulating means.

222	Needles:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 270.  Thread-inserting devices fore wing-machines. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 80.05, and 80.16, for an embroidering, tufting device having a hollow or channelled needle. 80.06, and 80.17, for an embroidering, tufting device having a noneyed needle. 80.08, for an embroidering, tufting device having yarn manipulation by fluid flow and also having a hollow needle. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 223,  Apparel Apparatus,   subclass 102 as the general subclass for pointed instruments having an eye, hook, or equivalent to attach to a thread, tape, or the like for sewing, threading, or attaching the thread to a fabric. 606,  Surgery,   subclass 222 for surgical needles adapted to carry a suture through the skin or flesh of a living animal body.

223	Thread releasing:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 222.  Adapted to thread and unthread at each operation. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 198,

224	Threading structure:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 222.  To facilitate threading, the thread being retained during sewing operation. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 223, for needles adapted to be threaded and unthreaded at each operation of the needle.

225	Setting and threading attachments:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 222.  Attachments to facilitate setting and threading. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 7,  Compound Tools,   subclass 170 for compound tools including needle setting and threading implements. 33,  Geometrical Instruments,   subclass 626 for needle-setting gages. 223,  Apparel Apparatus,   subclass 99 for needle-threading implements.

226	Clamping:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 222.  Includes means to clamp needle to needle-bar. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 80.45, for an embroidering, tufting device having particular needle supporting means.

227	Guiding:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 222.  Guiding and guarding needles during their operation. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 261, for devices to prevent operator"s fingers being drawn beneath the needle.