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![[Search a list of Patent Appplications for class 91]](../as.gif) CLASS 91, | MOTORS: EXPANSIBLE CHAMBER TYPE |
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SECTION I - CLASS DEFINITION
This class is limited to motors for converting the energy of a pressure fluid into mechanical work in which a charge of simple pressure fluid is admitted to an expansible chamber, the expansion of said chamber converting into work only the original energy of the charge, the charge after expansion of said chamber being exhausted to some place other than whence it came, and in which no energy is extracted from the charge except by expansion of the chamber, said motors when of the reciprocating or oscillating type including control of the fluid.
| (1) Note. Claims Not Controlling in Patents Prior to 1936. Patents issued prior to 1936 have not necessarily been classified by claims so that the placement of these patents does not necessarily indicate lines of classification. However, most of the patents regardless of their age have been placed in accordance with their claimed subject matter. PLACEMENT OF PATENTS A. Involving Combination and Subcombination Subclasses: In many instances the schedule of this class provides for a combination which requires a given subcombination, and elsewhere below provides for the subcombination. The following rule has been followed as to the placement of the original patent, and as to cross-referencing, and should be followed in the future. Where the combination subclass requires the same subcombination as is provided for in the subcombination subclass, i.e., subcombination defined with the same specificity in both subclasses, a patent disclosing the combination is placed as an original in, or under, the combination subclass regardless of whether the claims are directed to the combination or subcombination and is not cross-referenced to the subcombination subclass. A patent disclosing only the subcombination and claiming same is placed as an original in the subcombination subclass and is not cross-referenced to the combination subclass. This rule is applicable only in instances where there is but a single subcombination subclass, i.e., no indented subclasses, but the combination subclass may be further subdivided into indented subclasses. The prime feature of this situation is that the subcombination must, by definition, be of equal specificity in the two subclasses. A search for the subcombination, at least in the case where it is adapted to be used in the combination, of necessity involves all of the patents in the combination subclass. Under this system of placing the patents a complete search of the combination can be made in the combination subclass, and of the subcombination in both subclasses without the addition to the search files of the otherwise necessary cross-reference copies. The subclasses involved in this combination-subcombination relationship have been indicated in the schedule by numbers in parenthesis, as explained in a paragraph after the class title. Exemplary of this situation in the indented subclasses (223-229) provide for a distributor (valve) in the piston of a cyclically operable motor combination while subclass 422 requires only a valved piston subcombination. As between these subclasses any patent having a disclosed cyclically operable motor is placed as an original in subclass 222 or one of the indented subclasses regardless of whether the means which makes the motor cyclically operable is claimed and is not cross-referenced in subclass 422. A complete search for the subject matter provided for in subclass 422 of necessity involves all of the patents in subclasses 222-229. B. Involving Ancillary or Auxiliary Expansible Chamber Motor: In many instances the claimed motor which provides the basis of classification for a patent in Class 91 is provided with another expansible chamber motor which merely performs an ancillary or auxiliary function for the main motor. Illustrative of such functions are motor valve or lock, or lubricator actuation. In such cases the structure or operation of the ancillary motor does not constitute a basis for original classification of the patent in the Class 91 schedule unless the patent includes a claim to the auxiliary motor, per se. However, the patent may be cross-referenced on the basis of the auxiliary motor. For example, see subclasses 6-33 and 282-283. Subclasses 6-33 provide for fluid supply through diverse paths to a single expansible chamber. In this case the chamber must be a chamber of the motor which causes the patent to be classified in Class 91. Subclasses 282-283 provide for the same type of supply to a motor chamber, but in this case the motor is an auxiliary motor in that it actuates the distributor of another motor. This type of control of a distributor motor does not cause classification of the patent as an original in subclasses 6-33, but cross-reference to subclasses 6-33 is appropriate. |
SECTION II - LINES WITH OTHER CLASSES AND WITHIN THIS CLASS
Combinations With Load Devices.
Inasmuch as the basic purpose of a motor is to operate a load the inclusion of the load in the claim by name only or in general terms will not exclude a patent from this class. An exception to this general rule exists where the load on the motor is a valve. The combination of an expansible chamber motor and a valve as the load driven thereby, even if the valve is claimed by name only, is excluded from this class and will be found in Class 137, Fluid Handling, or Class 251, Valves and Valve Actuation. A second exception exists where the claimed nominal load on the motor is an expansible chamber means solely disclosed as the master of a pulsator. This combination is classifiable in Class 60, subclasses 533-594.
This line also applies where the load is a tool; that is, a named tool driven by the motor will not exclude a patent from this class if no tool details are recited. However, if a support for the work being acted upon by the tool is claimed, classification in the appropriate tool class results even though both the tool and the support are claimed by name only. Also see the Search Class 173 note in section III below for the line with regard to a nominally claimed tool driven by an expansible chamber motor combined with other features such as work cleansing or tool feeding.
No attempt has been made to review the classification of all patents found in classes relating to loads adapted to be driven by a motor. Thus, it is to be noted that the original classification of all patents is not consistent with the above statement as to nominally claimed loads and this particularly applies as to classes not recently reclassified. In those instances in which a body of art is known to exist in a given class, in which the load on the motor is claimed only nominally, and especially where the classification of that class provides for a fluid motor actuator for the device, currently issuing patents will not be classified as originals in Class 91 even though the load is only nominally claimed.
The means which transmits power from the working member of the motor to the load to be driven, e.g., linkage, gearing, etc., is not considered to be the load for the motor. See the Search Class 74 note in the class definition of Class 91 for a further discussion of this subject.
| RELATIONSHIP TO CLASS 92 Class 92 is directed to expansible chamber devices, per se, and is related to Class 91 as a subcombination thereof. Class 92 is limited to expansible chamber devices in which the working member has an oscillating or reciprocating motion to expand and contract the expansible chamber. Thus, Class 92 cannot take the subcombination of any Class 91 motor in which the working member is of the rotating type as defined in subclass 58 of Class 91. With respect to expansible chamber motors in which the working member has a reciprocating or oscillating motion to expand and contract the expansible chamber, Class 92 will take those patents in which no control of the motive fluid by a valving action is claimed. Thus, any claimed valving of motive fluid of an expansible chamber motor in sufficient to preclude classification is Class 92 even though the valving claimed may not be all of the valving necessary to cause the motor to operate in the intended manner. However, if a claim is for an expansible chamber motor driving a specifically claimed Class 92 device, then classification is in Class 92 regardless of the details of the expansible chamber motor recited. See Class 92, subclass 3. For the classification of various subcombination features of Class 92 devices elsewhere classified see the class definition and appropriate notes in Class 92. With regard to claim interpretation to determine whether valving is claimed to cause classification in Class 91, or is not claimed thus permitting classification in Class 92 the following criteria have been followed: 1. Claims which include a limitation such as "means for supplying fluid to the motor" or "means supplying fluid to the motor" are construed as requiring no more than the conduits or ports which supply the fluid and would, therefore, not be interpreted as including valving for Class 91. 2. Claims which include a limitation similar to that in (1) above, but with a further limitation which indicates a change in supply of working fluid such as--alternately, periodically, intermittently, pulsing, fluctuating, reversing flow, etc.--are construed as necessarily including more than a mere conduit or port and are excluded from Class 92. These patents would thus be classified on their claimed disclosure of what performs the noted change in the supply. Thus, a patent claiming "means (for) alternately supplying motive fluid to the motor" would be classified in Class 91 if said means is disclosed as a valve. 3. A port in an expansible chamber wall which is disclosed as controlled by the working member as, for example, an exhaust port which is overrun by a piston, together with the working member constitutes valving for Class 91. If such a port is claimed classification is in Class 91 regardless of whether the claim sets forth that the working member controls the port. RELATIONSHIP TO CLASS 60 The general line between Class 91 and Class 60 is that if subject matter relating to power production comprising more than an expansible chamber motor or more than a plurality of such motors is claimed, classification is in Class 60 if otherwise appropriate. More specifically the line may be categorized as follows: A. Plural or combined type motors (1) The combination of a motor classifiable, per se, in Class 91 with a motor of another type (including a pulsator) i.e., one which, per se, would be classified in another motor class, is classified in Class 60. See Class 60 subclasses 698-720. However, the combination of a Class 91 type motor with a second motor which performs an ancillary function only of the Class 91 type motor, e.g., valve operating motor, etc. and provides no power for external use is not excluded from Class 91 even if the second motor is of another type (e.g., electric motor). (2) The combination of a plurality of Class 91 type motors or a Class 91 type motor having a plurality of working members, e.g., pistons, etc., is classified in Class 91. See the Search Class 60 note in subclass 170 of Class 91 for a further statement of this line. B. Motive fluid source, modification or exhaust treatment (1) Pumps. The inclusion in a claim of a pump broadly which provides motive fluid for utilization by the Class 91 motor does not preclude classification in Class 91. The following examples of terminology have been considered to be nominal inclusion of a pump and if so claimed would not preclude classification in Class 91: (a) a pump; (b) a rotary pump; (c) a motor driven pump; (d) a motor driven rotary pump; (e) an internal combustion engine having an intake manifold (as a source of vacuum); (f) a plurality of pumps arranged in parallel; (g) a circuit comprising a sump, pump and motor. The following examples have been considered to be significant inclusion of a pump, and if so claimed would preclude classification in Class 91 and cause classification in Class 60, if otherwise appropriate: (a) a pump which is characterized as to type, e.g., centrifugal, eduction, constant displacement, variable displacement, pulsator, etc., (however, see (b) in the preceding paragraph); (b) a motor driven pump in which the motor is characterized as to type, e.g., turbine, electric motor, internal combustion engine, etc. (however, see (e) in the preceding paragraph); (c) a pump which has any detail thereof recited as, for example, a "piston"; (d) a plurality of pumps in series; (e) a particular physical relation between a nominal pump, and (1) a motor supplied thereby, or (2) with a sump, reservoir or tank forming part of the circuit supplying the pump. For example, this particular physical relation may include their relation in space or mechanical interconnection means. See particularly Class 60 subclasses 325-494. (2) Accumulators. A motor having an expansible chamber in constant communication with an accumulator for pressurized motive fluid is not precluded from Class 91 regardless of the specificity with which the accumulator is recited, the accumulator in this case being considered to be merely a part of the expansible chamber. Class 60 takes an accumulator combined with a Class 91 motor in which a control valve means is interposed between the accumulator and expansible chamber unless the accumulator is claimed so broadly as to amount to a mere conduit. See particularly Class 60, subclasses 325-494. (3) Internal Generation. Class 60 takes those expansible chamber motors in which the motive fluid within an expansible chamber is heated or cooled, as, for example, by a fluid in heat exchange relation with the interior of the chamber. Such a fluid may be the same motive fluid used in the chamber either before or after it passes through the chamber. See Class 60, subclass 508. (4) Heating, Superheating or External Generation. An expansible chamber motor having nominally claimed means to heat or superheat the motive fluid before introduction into the expansible chamber is not precluded from Class 91. For example, Class 91 takes a "boiler" combined with an expansible chamber motor while a "fire tube boiler" combined with a Class 91 motor would be classified in Class 60. See, for example, Class 60, subclasses 643-684. Class 91 does not take the combination of an expansible chamber motor with an explosive generation of motive fluid even if nominally claimed. See, for example, Class 60, subclasses 632-638. (5) Exhaust Treatment or Handling. Class 60 takes combinations involving treatment of motive fluid after it leaves an expansible chamber where means is claimed to change some characteristic of the fluid. A condenser is an example of such a means, but the inclusion of a condenser in a claim by name only is not sufficient to preclude a patent from Class 91. Class 60 also takes combinations involving handling of exhaust fluid from a fluid motor. This fluid is considered to be exhaust fluid for Class 60 after it leaves the last claimed valve means which could affect operation of the Class 91 motor. Handling is considered to necessarily include more than a mere pipe or chamber to conduct the exhaust fluid away. A valve for controlling a Class 91 motor, located in the exhaust line from the motor, designed to direct exhaust fluid to one or more of a number of exhaust passages is not exhaust fluid handling for Class 60. However, an exhaust fluid conductor having a number of ports therein merely for the purpose of dividing the exhaust stream is more than a mere chamber or pipe and is classified in Class 60. Claimed limitations to an elbow, support or other fitting which constitutes a mere part of the exhaust pipe will be ignored, but any significant relation of the pipe and motor will result in classification in the appropriate exhaust treatment subclass of Class 60. A particular physical relation or mechanical interconnection between a chamber or reservoir for receiving exhaust fluid from the motor and the motor has been considered exhaust handling for Class 60. C. Pulsators Class 60 takes pulsator systems in which a generally constant mass of confined motive fluid passes between pump and motor expansible chambers and returns to the pump by the same route or conduit. Class 60 also provides for such pulsator systems where additional fluid is added to the system whether the fluid is make-up fluid to replace leakage or pressurized motive fluid to operate the motor, unless the pressurized motive fluid is valved by a movable valve element which is mechanically connected to the pump working member so that movement of the working member will cause movement of the valve element. The latter combination is classified in Class 91. See the Search Class 60 note in subclass 6 of Class 91 for a further statement of this line. It is to be noted that some pulsator systems which involve a generally constant mass of confined motive fluid include a valve such as a throttle between the pump and motor. The claiming of the motor and valve only in such a disclosed system is excluded from Class 91 in that the fluid does not exhaust to some place other than whence it came. Search Class 60 subclasses 533-594 for pulsators and pulsator systems. RELATIONSHIP TO CLASS 418 Class 418, Rotary Expansible Chamber Devices, takes rotary expansible chamber motors even though the disclosure and claims may be restricted to motor use. In some ways Class 418 may be considered to be less comprehensive than Class 91, and rotary expansible chamber type motors in certain combinations enumerated below will be classified in Class 91 rather than Class 418. Unless specifically excluded below a patent to a rotary expansible chamber type motor as defined in the class definition of Class 418 will be classified as an original in Class 418 as opposed to Class 91. (1) Valving (a) Cyclic or Position Responsive: Class 418 will take rotary expansible motors combined with valves for the motive fluid which have a repetitive pattern or cycle of operation which is related to the rotation of the motor. These may be termed cyclic or position responsive valving and include the opening and closing of inlet or exhaust ports by the movement of this type valving so as to provide, for example, early cutoff of supply is also included in Class 418. The inclusion, however, of means to cutoff operation of the motor after a partial, full or predetermined number revolutions is excluded from Class 418 and would cause classification in this class (91). See for example, subclass 2. (b) In-line: An in-line valve is defined as one situated in the normal line of motive fluid flow which acts in some way to control the flow in the line, but not by diverting the fluid to a second or subsidiary flow line, e.g., waste, etc. Class 418 will take all in-line valves combined with a rotary expansible chamber motor which are controlled by some means other than a condition of the motive fluid, e.g., manual throttle, etc., and will also take those which are actuated directly by the application of the motive fluid thereto, i.e., direct response valves. Those devices including in-line valves which are controlled by a motive fluid condition, e.g., pressure, flow, etc., and in which said valves are not of the direct response type are excluded from Class 418 and will be classified in Class 91 if otherwise appropriate. (c) Branched Flow or By-pass: (1) Separate Valve Means: Those rotary expansible chamber devices which include a separate valve means (as opposed to a movable chamber part as discussed in paragraph (2) immediately below) to divert or by-pass all or a portion of the motive fluid from its normal or first course of flow to a second or waste path are excluded from Class 418 regardless of whether the valve is manually or otherwise controlled unless the diverted fluid is used merely for a motor perfecting function such as lubricating, cooling, vane bias, etc. (2) Movable Chamber Part: Many rotary expansible chamber motors have expansible chamber parts which are in running contact with other chamber parts and which move from a "normal" or contacting position to a noncontacting position and in so moving allow passage or by-pass of motive fluid thereby. Examples of such parts are vanes, abutments, end plates, etc., and such parts are usually biased into contacting position by means such as a spring, pressure fluid conducted from the expansible chamber or the like. Such devices are not excluded from Class 418 even though the yielding of the part may be considered to be performing a by-pass function. However, if motive fluid is conducted to the part for such a biasing function, e.g., behind end plate, etc., and there is a controlled application of fluid to or release of the fluid from the bias area for the disclosed purpose of by-passing said fluid or conducting it to another point of disposal such devices are excluded from Class 418 and are classified in Class 91 if otherwise appropriate. (3) With Diverse Motor: The combination of a rotary expansible chamber motor with another motor of a different type, e.g., reciprocating, etc., is excluded from Class 418. Unless the diverse motor is a mere auxiliary of the rotary expansible chamber motor, as for example, a valve actuating motor. See Class 91, subclass 61 for a combined rotary expansible chamber motor and a reciprocating motor. See Class 60, Power Plants, subclasses 698-720, for other diverse motors one of which may be of the rotary expansible chamber type. The Search Class notes below also include statements of the line with other classes. |
SECTION III - REFERENCES TO OTHER CLASSES
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 60, | Power Plants, see (4) Note above for the relationship of Class 91 and Class 60. |
| 73, | Measuring and Testing, subclasses 232 through 271for expansible chamber type volume or rate of flow meters. Class 73 includes expansible chamber meters combined with registering mechanism and meters incapable of general use as an expansible chamber motor. A meter is considered to be incapable of such general use if there is not disclosed means to take power therefrom for external use such as to a registering mechanism. Therefore, Class 91 takes an expansible chamber device disclosed as a meter having means to take power therefrom such as for an unclaimed registering mechanism. |
| 74, | Machine Element or Mechanism, appropriate subclasses for machine elements and mechanisms, per se, and in combination with a nominally claimed expansible chamber motor. In general gearing or linkage included as part of the power output means from an expansible chamber motor is considered to be basic subject matter of the motor and would not preclude classification in Class 91. Also see (2) Note, in subclass 55 of Class 91. For statement of the line between Class 74 and Class 92, see section III of the class definition Class 92. |
| 92, | Expansible Chamber Devices, see (3) Note above for the relationship of Class 91 and Class 92. |
| 123, | Internal-Combustion Engines, The line between Class 91 and Class 123 is one of disclosure. Thus, any patent which has at least one embodiment of the invention which is disclosed as an internal combustion engine, and which has a claim specific to such embodiment, and in which the claim includes control of the motive fluid, is classified in Class 123 even though the motive fluid control is not necessarily limited to internal combustion operation. |
| 137, | Fluid Handling, subclasses 82 through 86,for pressure modulating relays or followers for expansible chamber motors. The positive inclusion in a claim of the expansible chamber motor which is controlled by the pressure modulating relay or follower precludes classification in Class 137 and causes classification in Class 91. See, for example, subclasses 3, 47-51 and 52 of Class 91. See subclasses 87.01-87.06, 455-543.23 and 561-616.7 for self proportioning or correlating systems, line condition change responsive valves and multiple or multi-way valves for expansible chamber motors, respectively. The positive inclusion in a claim of the motor which is being controlled by the valve means precludes classification in Class 137. The inclusion in a claim of a cylinder in combination with a valve will not exclude a patent from Class 137 on the basis that a cylinder is the equivalent of a flow path being controlled by the valve. However, where a cylinder is claimed as having passages leading to or ports present in opposite ends thereof (as in a double acting motor) the patent is excluded from Class 137. Also see (2) Note in section I above. |
| 172, | Earth Working, appropriate subclasses, and especially subclasses 2 through 12,464-466 and 491 for expansible chamber motor operated or adjusted implements and see the reference to Class 91 in the Search Class section of Class 172 for a statement of the line. |
| 173, | Tool Driving or Impacting, appropriate subclasses for an expansible chamber fluid motor in a claimed combination peculiar to tool driving, such as a tool drive means combined with a tool impacting, work cleaning, tool advancing or manipulating handle feature. See the class definition of Class 173 for a complete description of the subject matter provided for therein. Also see the reference to Class 91 in section IV of the class definition of Class 173. |
| 180, | Motor Vehicles, subclasses 53.1 through 53.8for vehicles with power take-off means from the vehicle motor to a nominally claimed load. |
| 187, | Elevator, Industrial Lift Truck or Stationary Lift for Vehicle, especially subclass 215 for an expansible chamber fluid motor and its control in claimed combination with a more than named stationary lift for raising a vehicle in its entirety between spaced vertical positions, and subclasses 272-275 for an expansible chamber fluid motor and its control in claimed combination with a more than named load-underlying support surface, e.g., external load support guide structure which is not necessary to the fluid motor internal drive, particular load-underlying support structure, elevator counterbalances, etc. |
| 251, | Valves and Valve Actuation, appropriate subclasses for valves and valve actuators for expansible chamber motors. The positive inclusion in a claim of the motor which is being controlled by the valve precludes classification in Class 251. The inclusion in a claim of a cylinder in combination with a valve will not exclude a patent from Class 251 on the basis that a cylinder is the equivalent of a flow path being controlled by the valve. Also see (2) Note in section I above. |
| 415, | Rotary Kinetic Fluid Motors or Pumps, appropriate subclasses for a rotary motor operated by a confined or directed fluid but not inclusive of "expansible chamber" type classifiable in Class 418, Rotary Expansible Chamber Devices. |
| 417, | Pumps, appropriate subclasses for expansible chamber pumps. Many expansible chamber devices, are capable of use either as a pump or a motor without modification, the only difference being whether pressure fluid is introduced, and mechanical power produced (motor) or mechanical power is introduced and pressure fluid produced (pump). The following criteria will determine original classification if a patent: (a) Where the disclosure is that the device can be used as a pump or motor, classification in Class 91, will result if the device is claimed as a motor or alternatively as pump or motor, or generically as an expansible chamber device, for example. If such a device is claimed as a pump classification will be in Class 417. (b) Where the device is solely disclosed as a pump, classification in Class 417 will result whether claimed generically or specifically. (c) Where the device is solely disclosed as a motor, classification in Class 91 will result whether claimed generically or specifically. (d) Where the device is disclosed and claimed generically, classification in Class 91 will result. (e) For an exception to this general line see subclasses 269 through 273of Class 417 and (1) Note in subclass 269 for the line between the art classified thereunder and the art in Class 91, subclasses 472-507. |
| 475, | Planetary Gear Transmission Systems or Components, for planetary gear transmissions, per se. The same line exists between Class 91 and Class 475 as exists between Class 91 and Class 74. |
| 477, | Interrelated Power Delivery Controls, Including Engine Control, for interrelated control between an engine and a transmission, clutch, or brake. Class 477 was formed from patents in Classes 74 and 192 and so the same line exists between Classes 91 and 477 as exists between Class 91 and Classes 74 and 192. subclasses 375+ for expansible chamber motor driven pumps. The claiming of the pump by name only is not sufficient to exclude a patent from Class 91, the pump or piston and cylinder being considered a nominal load or the equivalent of a crosshead and guide for the motor. |
SECTION IV - GLOSSARY
See (3) Note of subclass 418 of Class 91 for definitions of terms applicable to subclasses 418-470 only.
CYLINDER
A rigid external member which permanently surrounds the piston, the latter constituting a relatively moving wall for the expansible chamber, the other walls of which are formed by the cylinder, and the cylinder ordinarily including the abutment or reaction surface against which the motive fluid acts or the piston forming the abutment for the cylinder when the cylinder is movable and the piston fixed. However, the abutment or reaction surface for the piston need not necessarily be formed by the cylinder, but may be formed by a second relatively movable opposed piston within the cylinder. If the piston withdraws from the cylinder merely to control the motive fluid, the piston is still considered to be permanently surrounded by the cylinder.
DISTRIBUTOR
Means which comprises or includes a part which is movable relative to the working member of a cyclically operable motor to control a motive fluid port or passage in such a manner as to cyclically control inlet and/or exhaust flow of motive fluid to or from the motor. The distributor need not entirely cut off the motive fluid flow, but may cyclically control the amount of flow (i.e., throttling).
MOTIVE FLUID
The fluid (expansible or inexpansible) which is introduced into or withdrawn from a working chamber of the motor to cause the working member to move. The term "motive fluid" applies to the fluid from the point of origin to the point of disposal. Fluid which is withdrawn from the motive fluid supply to perform some other motor function, such as motor valve operation, is still considered to be motive fluid even though said fluid never enters the working chamber of the motor. Atmospheric air which acts upon the working member of a vacuum motor is not considered to be motive fluid unless the atmospheric air is controlled in some manner, as by valving. In a vacuum motor the fluid which is evacuated from the working chamber is considered to be exhaust motive fluid and the atmospheric air, if controlled, is considered to be inlet motive fluid.
NON-WORKING CHAMBER
A chamber of the motor which expands and contracts incident to movement of the working member, and which is neither expanded nor contracted to do work by fluid supplied to or evacuated from said chamber.
WORKING CHAMBER
A chamber into which motive fluid is introduced or from which motive fluid is withdrawn (vacuum) to cause the working member to move to perform work, the chamber expanding or contracting incident to the movement of the working member. A chamber of a vacuum motor to which atmospheric air has free ingress and egress without any control thereof is not a working chamber. However, a chamber of a vacuum motor in which atmospheric air acts and some control is exercised over the atmospheric air is a working chamber.
WORKING MEMBER
A movable wall of the expansible chamber to which motive fluid is applied or to which atmospheric air is applied in the case of vacuum motor, said wall moving as a result of the application of the motive fluid and in so moving doing work for utilization by means other than the motor or some part thereof. In a reciprocating motor this term is generic to both a moving piston and a moving cylinder. The working member is considered to include the movable wall to which motive fluid is applied as well as all parts which are rigid therewith, e.g., piston rod, etc. However, a pair of separate movable walls disposed in separate working chambers (i.e., chambers which are not in fluid communication during at least some part of the operation of the motor), even though rigidly connected together, are considered to be plural working members if the application of motive fluid thereto urges both walls in the same direction. A working member has a single working surface which surface may have two or more relatively movable faces so long as adjacent faces are always an extension of each other, e.g., flexible diaphragm or bellows, etc.
SUBCLASSES
![[List of Patents for class 91 subclass 1]](../ps.gif) 1 | WITH SIGNAL, INDICATOR OR INSPECTION MEANS: | ||||||||
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus having (1) signals, indicators, registers, recorders,
or gauges for indicating a condition or the position of a motor
part such as a piston, control member, valve, etc., such devices
consisting of relatively movable, changeable or audible information
giving parts, or (2) transparent viewing means whereby the motor
operation or the condition of some part thereof may be observed.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
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| 2 | CUTOFF OR CONTROL AFTER PREDETERMINED NUMBER OF CYCLES OR REVOLUTIONS: | ||||||
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus in which the motor has a working member which
operates through a given cycle, i.e., from a given position through a
revolution or reciprocation back to the starting position so as
to be in condition to repeat the cycle, and having means for stopping
or modifying the operation of the motor responsive to working member
travel through a definite preselected number of cycles greater than one.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
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| 3 | JET CONTROL TYPE: | ||
| This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus including means for providing a jet stream of
motive fluid and a receiving orifice to receive all or a portion
of the jet stream, motive fluid being conducted from the orifice
to a working chamber of the motor to cause operation thereof, movement
of the motor being controlled by varying the proportion of the jet
stream which enters the orifice.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
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| 4 | HYDRO-PNEUMATIC: | ||||||
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus in which the motor is provided with a quantity
of trapped liquid which is applicable to the working member to move
same, means to apply pneumatic pressure directly to said trapped
liquid to actuate said working member and valve means for controlling
the pneumatic fluid.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
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| 5 | WORKING MEMBER MOVED BY STORED MOTIVE FLUID CHARGE: | ||||||
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus in which the working member of the motor is operated
by a charge of expansible motive fluid which has been completely isolated
in a storage chamber separate from the expansible chamber; i.e.,
the storage chamber at a given time is cut off from both the source of
supply and the expansible chamber.
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| 6 | FLUID SUPPLY THROUGH DIVERSE PATHS TO SINGLE EXPANSIBLE CHAMBER: | ||||||||||||||||
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus in which a working chamber of the motor is provided
with inlet motive fluid which is supplied from different sources
at different times or flows through supply paths that are different
at the will of the operator or under different operating conditions
so as to supply force to act on the same face of the working member
at different times.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
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| 6.5 | Three or more cylinders arranged in parallel, radial or conical relationship with rotary transmission axis: | ||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 6. Apparatus comprising three or more cylinders each cylinder
being provided with relatively reciprocating piston (includes diaphragm)
to thereby form a plurality of working chambers, the cylinders or
a transmission element in common operative engagement with said
cylinders or pistons being adapted to rotate about a fixed axis;
said cylinders being physically arranged in a manner such that their
longitudinal axis either (1) intersect at a common point or (2) extend
parallel to said axis of rotation, and in which motive fluid is
supplied to at least one of said cylinders through diverse flow
paths.
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| 7 | Selective cyclic and noncyclic operation or parking: | ||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 6. Apparatus in which the motor is capable of reciprocatory
motion through a cycle by a forward stroke and a return stroke to
the starting point and wherein the motor (1) may be operated continuously
repeating said cycle without manual intervention with motive fluid
being supplied to a working chamber thereof through one supply path
or (2) may at the will of the operator, be operated through a full
or partial forward or return stroke utilizing a different motive
fluid supply path to said working chamber.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
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| 8 | Semi-compound type: | ||
| This subclass is indented under subclass 6. Apparatus wherein the motor is provided with at least two
expansible working chambers, a prior one of the chambers receiving
expansible motive fluid and having a passage for exhausting the
fluid into a subsequent chamber for expansion therein; and wherein
a further fluid passage is provided which may be used to additionally
supply motive fluid to the subsequent chamber simultaneously with
the exhaust fluid from the prior chamber.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||
| 9 | Changeable by shiftable distributor: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 8. Apparatus having a valve for distributing motive fluid to and between the working chambers and wherein a movement of the valve from the normal limits of travel during multiple expansion operation opens an additional fluid passage allowing motive fluid to be introduced directly into the subsequent chamber. | |
| 10 | With condition responsive change-over valve: | ||
| This subclass is indented under subclass 8. Apparatus having a valve means for changing the motor to
or from the semicompound type, the valve means responding to some
condition of operation of the motor or the motive fluid.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||
| 11 | Changeable from multiple expansion to simple operation: | ||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 6. Apparatus comprising two or more expansible working chambers
having, in one condition of operation, interconnecting passages
whereby a prior one of the chambers receives motive fluid and then
exhausts the motive fluid into the subsequent chamber for expansion
therein; and wherein additional passage means is provided, in another
condition of operation, for introducing motive fluid from the source
to the subsequent chamber, the subsequent chamber then receiving
no fluid from the first chamber.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||
| 12 | Cyclically operable motor with port reversing: | ||||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 6. Apparatus comprising a cyclically operable motor and motive
fluid distributing valve means operated incident to the operation
of the motor for causing the cyclic operation and means for reversing
the motive fluid flow to and from the motor for a given position
of the motor.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||||
| 13 | By Shifting distriburtor seat: | ||
| This subclass is indented under subclass 12. Apparatus in which fluid connections to the motor for a
given position of the motor are reversed by adjusting the distributor
seat, i.e., the part of the distributor which is fixed during normal
cyclic operation of the motor.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||
| 14 | By shifting distributor: | ||||
| This subclass is indented under subclass 12. Apparatus comprising separately actuatable means to additionally
operate the distributor of the motor so as to reverse the fluid
connections to the motor for a given position of the motor.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||
| 15 | Selector valve between distributor and motor: | ||
| This subclass is indented under subclass 12. Apparatus comprising further valve means arranged in series
with the distributing valve means and operable to reverse the fluid
connections between the distributing valve means and the motor for
a given position of the distributing valve means, the further valve
means being located between the distributing valve means and the
motor.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||
| 16 | Drifting or coasting on lower pressure: | ||||||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 6. Apparatus in which the working chamber is supplied with
relatively high pressure fluid to drive the working member and is
supplied with a relatively lower pressure fluid when the high pressure
fluid is cut off and the motor is coasting, i.e., being driven by
the load, to prevent vacuum build-up in the working chamber.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||||||
| 17 | With speed responsive cutoff of drifting fluid: | ||
This subclass is indented under subclass 16. Apparatus in which the lower pressure fluid is cut off from
the motor in response to the speed of operation of the motor falling
below a given amount.
| |||
| 18 | Pressure control of drifting fluid: | ||||
| This subclass is indented under subclass 16. Apparatus in which the lower pressure fluid is controlled
by the pressure condition in the higher pressure line or in a motor
working chamber.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||
| 19 | Diverse paths used to control extent of working member travel: | ||
| This subclass is indented under subclass 6. Apparatus in which the supply of motive fluid to a working
chamber of the motor through one path is effective to cause the
working member to move to a given position or within a given limited
range and then stop and the supply to said working chamber through
a second path is effective to move the working member to a different
position or through a different limited range and then stop.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||
| 20 | Position responsive: | ||
| This subclass is indented under subclass 6. Apparatus in which at least one of the flow paths of the
motive fluid supply is controlled as a result of the motor working
member or load attaining a given position or is incapable of being
controlled until the working member or load has attained a given
position.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||
| 21 | Rotating working member or chamber: | ||
This subclass is indented under subclass 20. Apparatus comprising a rotating working member or chamber.
| |||
| 22 | Preliminary inlet to contracting chamber (e.g., cushioning, etc.): |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 20. Apparatus in which the motor is of the reciprocating type wherein when the motor working member is moving in one direction and approaching the end of the stroke an initial charge of motive fluid is admitted to the contracting chamber in response to the working member attaining a given position, usually to cushion the movement of the working member, and then an additional charge of motive fluid is supplied through a different supply path to cause the working member to move in the opposite direction on the return stroke. | |
| 23 | By bypassing from expanding chamber (399): | ||
| This subclass is indented under subclass 22. Apparatus in which the motor is of the double acting type,
the initial charge of motive fluid being supplied to the contracting
chamber from the expanding chamber.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||
| 24 | Additional inlet path opened in response to position: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 20. Apparatus in which a working chamber is supplied with motive fluid through a first supply path and in response to the working member attaining a given position further motive fluid is supplied to said chamber through a second path with the first path remaining open. | |
| 25 | Working member or part carried thereby uncovers inlet port: | ||
| This subclass is indented under subclass 24. Apparatus in which the second supply path includes a supply
port in the working chamber which is closed by the working member
or a relatively movable part carried on the working member, the
working member or said relatively movable part acting to open said
supply port in response to movement of the working member.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||
| 26 | First path has check valve or selectively adjustable throttle: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 25. Apparatus in which said first supply path is provided with (1) a self acting valve which opens in response to motive fluid flow to permit substantially unrestricted flow into the working chamber, but is self closing to prevent exhaust flow from the working chamber, or (2) a valve which may be manually operated to vary the flow capacity of said first supply path. | |
| 27 | Plural simultaneous paths, one cutoff in response to position: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 20. Apparatus in which motive fluid is concurrently supplied to a working chamber through a plurality of flow paths, one of said paths being closed in response to the working member attaining a given position while the other supply path remains open. | |
| 28 | Second path activated in response to pressure or flow in first path: | ||||||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 6. Apparatus in which motive fluid is supplied to the working
chamber through one path and in response to a flow or pressure condition
in said flow path a second inlet flow path to said working chamber
is opened.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||||||
| 29 | By pressure rise in first path: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 28. Apparatus in which the second inlet flow path to the working chamber is opened in response to an increase in pressure of the motive fluid in the first inlet flow path. | |
| 30 | Serially arranged reversing valves: | ||
| This subclass is indented under subclass 6. Apparatus comprising a double acting reciprocating motor
having opposed working chambers, motive fluid inlet and exhaust
lines and a pair of valves serially arranged between the inlet and
exhaust lines on the one hand and the opposed working chambers on
the other hand, each of said valves being controllable to connect
the motive fluid inlet to one of said chambers while the other chamber
is connected to exhaust or vice versa.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||
| 31 | One path includes restriction: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 6. Apparatus in which one of the flow paths to the working chamber has throttling means therein to restrict the flow of motive fluid to the working chamber. | |
| 32 | Activation of one path disables second path: | ||
This subclass is indented under subclass 6. Apparatus wherein when motive fluid is supplied to a working
chamber through one supply path another motive fluid supply path
to said chamber is inactivated and does not supply motive fluid
to the chamber when said one supply path is active.
| |||
| 33 | Pressure operated: | ||
| This subclass is indented under subclass 32. Apparatus in which motive fluid from said one supply path
acts on valve means in the second supply path to cut off said second
path to the working chamber.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||
| 34 | SINGLE ACTING, CHANGEABLE TO OR FROM DOUBLE ACTING: |
| This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus in which a motor having a reciprocating working member is provided with means by which the reciprocating member is moved through a complete cycle by application of motive fluid alternately to opposed working faces thereof and alternately is moved through a complete cycle with motive fluid being applied to only one working face thereof during a portion of the cycle. | |
| 35 | INDEPENDENTLY OPERATED TIMER, DELAY, PATTERN OR CYCLIC CONTROL: | ||||||||||||||
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus including means separate from the motor to (1)
cause or permit the motor to operate or not to operate for a period
of time and then act to start, stop or change the mode of operation
of the motor; or (2) cause the motor to operate through a given
reciprocating cycle of operation repetitiously; the operation of
said means being independent of and not controlled by the operation
of the motor or a pressure or flow condition of the motive fluid supplied
to or exhausted from the motor and not requiring the intervention
of a human operator.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||||||||||||
| 36 | Of independently movable working members: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 35. Apparatus including a plurality of working members, each being capable of movement independent of the other, and each being provided with independently operable timing, delay, pattern or cyclic control. | |
| 37 | Pattern or template control: | ||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 35. Apparatus in which there is provided an information carrying
device such as a perforated tape, cam or the like, said device being
driven or moved independently relative to and not controlled by
the motor and means operated by said device for causing the motor
to operate in accordance with the information carried thereby.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| |||||
| 38 | Fluid actuated valve with volume chamber delay means: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 35. Apparatus in which there is a fluid actuated valve which is operated after a predetermined time or delay to control the motor, the timing or delay means comprising a chamber of predetermined volume to which the valve actuating fluid flows at a limited rate and which must be filled by said fluid before the fluid actuates said valve to control the motor. | |
| 39 | Independent distributor actuation for cyclic control: | ||||||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 35. Apparatus in which the motor has a cycle of operation in
which the working member moves in one direction, reverses its direction
of movement and returns to the original position, so as to be in
condition to repeat the operation, and in which a distributor is
provided to control the flow of motive fluid to cause the motor
to operate through said cycle, said distributor being driven independently
of said motor and not in consequence of motion or operation of the motor
to cause the motor to operate continuously repeating said cycle.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||||||
| 40 | Fluid actuated distributor motor: | ||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 39. Apparatus in which the distributor is driven by a fluid
motor other than and not controlled by the motor which is controlled
by the distributor.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||
| 41 | WITH CORRELATED CONTROL OF MOTIVE FLUID AND LOCKING MEANS: | ||||||||||
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus which includes releasable means for holding a
working member against movement, in at least one direction, and
in which means for controlling said holding means to provide holding
and/or release of the working member is so related to means
for controlling the flow of motive to or from the motor that operation
of the means for controlling the flow of motive fluid to produce
starting or stopping of the working member will result in operation
of the holding means to produce holding or release of the working
member, or, operation of the means for controlling the holding means
to produce holding or release of the working member will result
in operation of the fluid flow control means to produce starting
or stopping of fluid flow to or from the motor.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| |||||||||||
| 42 | By electrical control means: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 41. Apparatus in which the control means for the motive fluid and the control means for the holding means are interconnected by electrical circuit means in such a way as to provide the correlated operation of the two control means. | |
| 43 | Working member position control of motive fluid and locking means: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 41. Apparatus in which the means for controlling the flow of motive fluid and the working member holding means are operated in response to the motor working member, or the load driven by the working member, attaining a given position. | |
| 44 | Sequential operation of locking means and motive fluid control: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 41. Apparatus in which the control means for the motive fluid and for the locking means are so related that either the locking means or the motive fluid control means is necessarily operated prior to operation of the other. | |
| 45 | Common or interconnected valve means control motive fluid and fluid for locking means: | ||
This subclass is indented under subclass 41. Apparatus in which holding and/or release of the
working member is accomplished by control of flow of a nonworking
fluid or by control of fluid flow to a fluid actuated holding means, and
in which the flow of actuating fluid for the holding means, or the
flow of nonworking fluid is controlled by the same valve, or by
a valve which is mechanically interconnected with a valve, which
controls the flow of motive fluid.
| |||
| 46 | WITH INTERRELATED CONTROL OF MOTIVE FLUID AND LUBRICANT: | ||||
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus including a means provided for the function of
supplying lubricant to relatively moving parts of the motor, e.g.,
piston, transmission elements, etc., said lubricating means requiring
the actuation of a movable motive fluid control or distribution
means.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| |||||
| 47 | CONSTANTLY APPLIED MOTIVE FLUID WITH CONTROLLED VENTING: | ||||||||
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus in which a motor working chamber and working member
are in continuous communication with a supply of motive fluid under
all conditions of operation of the motor, the movement of the motor
working member being controlled by the operation of the motor, the
movement of the motor working member being controlled by the operation
of an outlet to selectively or adjustably connect said working chamber
to a region of continually lower pressure to allow escape of motive
fluid, the pressure in said region being constant, e.g., atmospheric,
etc.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||||||
| 48 | Plural separately controlled vents: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 47. Apparatus in which the working chamber is provided with a plurality of outlets or vent passages there being control means for each of the vent passages which act independently or at different times or under different conditions. | |
| 49 | Fluid vented through working member: | ||||||||
| This subclass is indented under subclass 47. Apparatus in which the working member is provided with a
passage therein and the outlet or vented fluid passes therethrough.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||||||
| 50 | Cyclically operable: | ||
| This subclass is indented under subclass 47. Apparatus in which the motor is of the cyclically operable
type.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||
| 51 | Motive fluid constantly applied to and vented from opposed chambers: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 47. Apparatus in which the motor is provided with opposed working chambers and a working member having opposed working faces, the motive fluid being continuously supplied to said opposed chambers and opposed working member faces the working member being movable in opposite direction by alternately venting said working chambers. | |
| 52 | CONSTANTLY OPEN THROTTLED EXHAUST WITH CONTROLLED MOTIVE FLUID SUPPLY: | ||||||||
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus in which a motor working chamber and working member
are in continuous communication with a low pressure region by means
of a restricted outlet under all conditions of operation of the
motor, the movement of the motor working member being controlled by
the operation of means to selectively or adjustably connect the
working chamber to a source of motive fluid supply.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||||||
| 53 | ENGINE ROTATING OR STARTING TYPE: | ||||||||||||
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus for turning or starting the rotary shaft of an
engine and having a clutch or gearing connection with the engine
which is disengaged from or which permits the engine shaft to rotate
while the starting motor is inoperative.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| |||||||||||||
| 54 | CONVERTIBLE; OR CHANGEABLE BY DISASSEMBLY OR ASSEMBLY: | ||||||||||||||
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus, (1) adapted to be rearranged to perform different
functions; or (2) adapted to be altered so as to operate in a different
way or change its function or enhance its operation in some way
by (a) disassembling the apparatus in some portion and then reassembling
the apparatus with the same or different portion, (b) disassembling
some portion from the apparatus, or (c) assembling some portion
of the apparatus.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| |||||||||||||||
| 55 | COMBINED: | ||||||||||
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus combined with means, which means if claimed, per
se, would be classified in another class and which is not merely
a part or subcombination of the motor.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||||||||
| 59 | TORQUE RESPONSIVE MOTIVE FLUID CONTROL: | ||||||||
| This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus in which a variation of rotational load imposed
upon the rotating shaft of the motor controls the flow of motive
fluid to or from the motor.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| |||||||||
| 61 | ROTARY AND RECIPROCATING WORKING MEMBERS: | ||||
| This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus in which there is provided a plurality of working
chambers, each having a working member moving therein, at least
one other working member having to-and-fro motion whereby the working
members expand and contract the respective working chambers.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| |||||
| 151 | SERIALLY FORMED EXPANDING WORKING CHAMBERS (E.G., ENDLESS, ETC.): | ||||||
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus in which one or more working members act to form
a progression of completely isolated expanding working chambers by
a unidirectional movement.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| |||||||
| 152 | MULTIPLE EXPANSION: | ||||||||
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus utilizing an expansible motive fluid and having
a plurality of working chambers at least one of which receives its
motive fluid in whole or in part from another of the working chambers
for expansion or further expansion of the motive fluid therein to
perform work.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| |||||||||
| 153 | Duplex: | ||
| This subclass is indented under subclass 152. Apparatus comprising a motive fluid distributing valve for
each of the working chambers, the fluid distributing valve of one
working chamber being operated by the working member of another
working chamber.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||
| 154 | Cut-off or reversing: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 153. Apparatus comprising means for adjusting one or more of the fluid distributing valves for affecting the period of admission of motive fluid to the working chamber or for varying fluid flow to the working chambers so that the direction of movement of the power transmitting means is reversed. | |
| 155 | With fluid actuated distributor: | ||
| This subclass is indented under subclass 152. Apparatus wherein at least one of the working chambers has
a motive fluid distributing valve which is actuated in whole or
in part by variations in pressure of a fluid applied to the valve or
valve actuator.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||
| 156 | Concentric working chambers: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 152. Apparatus wherein one of the working chambers surrounds another working chamber, said chambers having a common axis. | |
| 157 | Relative valving adjustment between high and low pressure working chambers: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 152. Apparatus in which each of the working chambers is provided with valve means for distributing motive fluid thereto, and including means for selectively moving at least one of the valve means relative to the other, the movement being in addition to the normal fluid distributing movement. | |
| 158 | Adjustment for valving for plural chambers: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 157. Apparatus wherein the valve means for a plurality of working chambers are selectively movable, each being movable independently of the other or being so interrelated that a movement of one results in a movement of the other. | |
| 159 | Expansion between relatively movable working members: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 152. Apparatus comprising a plurality of working members which are movable relative to one another, the fluid acting on one of the working members and then being expanded to act on another working member. | |
| 160 | Double acting high and low pressure working members: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 159. Apparatus in which the relatively movable working members each have opposed rigidly connected working faces to which motive fluid is alternately applied, exhaust fluid from the working faces of one of the working members being expanded to the working faces of another working member. | |
| 161 | Fluid acts on each working member in single direction: | ||
This subclass is indented under subclass 159. Apparatus wherein the working face or faces on each working
member are so disposed that the motive fluid reacts with each working member
in a single direction only.
| |||
| 162 | High and low pressure faces on each working member: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 161. Apparatus wherein each working member has at least two integrally connected working faces disposed in the same direction, one of the faces receiving motive fluid from a high pressure source and another face simultaneously receiving motive fluid by cross expansion from another relatively movable working member. | |
| 163 | Fluid expanded through working member: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 152. Apparatus having a high pressure chamber and a low pressure chamber, a working member in the high pressure chamber having a fluid passage therein, the motive fluid from the high pressure chamber being expanded through the passage into the low pressure chamber. | |
| 164 | Dual, rigidly connected high and low pressure faces: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 152. Apparatus having at least two high pressure working chambers and at least two low pressure working chambers, a working member face in each of said working chambers, the working faces being integrally connected so as to move in unison and, on each stroke of the motor, motive fluid from a high pressure source acting in one of said high pressure chambers while fluid is simultaneously expanded from another of said high pressure chambers into one of the low pressure chambers. | |
| 165 | APPLICATION OF MOTIVE FLUID AT DIFFERENT PRESSURES TO OPPOSED WORKING MEMBER FACES: | ||||||||||
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus in which the motor is provided with opposed working
member faces, motive fluid being applied to said faces at the same
or different times, the motive fluid which is applied to one working
member face being above atmospheric pressure and the motive fluid
which is applied to the second face also being above atmospheric
pressure, but being at a different pressure than that applied to
the first face.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||||||||
| 166 | Double acting motor reversed by pressure variation of motive fluid: | ||
This subclass is indented under subclass 165. Apparatus in which the motor is of the double acting type
wherein valve means controls the flow of motive fluid to the opposed
working member faces in a manner such that the working member will
move in one direction when the pressure of the motive fluid being
supplied to operate the motor is at a first predetermined magnitude
and will move in the opposite direction when the motive fluid supply
pressure varies from said predetermined magnitude.
| |||
| 167 | EXTENSION OF UNIT HAVING SEPARATELY CONTROLLED WORKING CHAMBERS EQUALS SUM OF INDIVIDUAL CHAMBER EXTENSIONS: | ||||||||||
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus having plural working chambers with individually
actuated control means supplying motive fluid to each chamber, and
in which the chambers are physically connected in such fashion that
the output motion of one chamber can bodily shift another chamber
in the same general direction in which said other chamber is expansible
so that the individual output motions are cumulative and equal the sum
of the individual chamber extensions.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| |||||||||||
| 168 | Control of motive fluid for one working member in response to position of second: | ||
This subclass is indented under subclass 167. Apparatus in which the supply of motive fluid to one working
chamber is controlled in response to the working member in another working
chamber attaining a given position in its chamber.
| |||
| 169 | SINGLE CHAMBER FORMED BY MUTUALLY RELATIVELY MOVABLE CYLINDER, SLEEVE AND PISTON: | ||||||||||||||||
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus having a structural unit consisting of a single
working chamber whose surfaces include an external cylinder member,
and internal cylindrical sleeve member slidable therein and a third
member slidable in or on one of said members in such fashion that
each of the members is movable relative to the others.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| |||||||||||||||||
| 170 | RELATIVELY MOVABLE WORKING MEMBERS WITH ONE HAVING MOTIVE FLUID CONTROLLED BY, MOVABLY INTERCONNECTED WITH OR MOVED BY ANOTHER: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus having plural working members which are capable
of relative movement and in which there is either (1) control of motive
fluid for one working member in response to the position of another;
(2) an interconnection between the members to cause relative motion
or (3) an interconnection between said members (such as a "lost
motion" or separable abutment connection) which causes
one member to move the other member under some disclosed operating
condition but which permits relative motion of the members.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 171 | Synchronizing in response to sensed difference in positions: | ||||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 170. Apparatus having separate means to control the working fluid
to two working members and additional means to sense the difference
in distances traveled by the working members from a starting point
and to affect the first means in a manner to decrease the difference
in said distances.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||||
| 172 | One working member oppositely biased by another: | ||
| This subclass is indented under subclass 170. Apparatus having a working member urged in one direction
by motive fluid acting thereon and urged in an opposing direction
by a second working member having motive fluid simultaneously supplied
thereto and which is movable relative thereto; e.g., by engagement
through separable abutment surfaces or by connection by a transmission
or linkage means or indirectly through a body of interposed fluid,
etc.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||
| 173 | One working member forms movable chamber for another: | ||||
| This subclass is indented under subclass 170. Apparatus comprising a working chamber carried by and movable
with a first working member, and a second working member movable within
the working chamber carried by the first working member.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| |||||
| 174 | With connection to relatively movable output member disposed between spaced unitary end faces: | ||
| This subclass is indented under subclass 170. Apparatus in which at least one of the working members has
spaced integral opposed working faces or an additional working member
rigidly secured thereto, and engaging a relatively movable load
or transmission member at a point between the opposed faces or at
a point between the rigidly connected working members.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||
| 176 | Moving cylinders: | ||||||||||||
| This subclass is indented under subclass 170. Apparatus having either (1) movably mounted cylinders which
form relatively movable working members or (2) relatively movable
working members which are disposed in movably mounted cylinders.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
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| |||||||||||||
| 177 | Oscillating working members: | ||||
| This subclass is indented under subclass 170. Apparatus in which at least two relatively movable working
members move back and forth about one or more axes to describe arcs
of not more than 360° .
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| |||||
| 178 | Single valve unit controlling plural working chambers: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 170. Apparatus comprising a unitary valve member which is within a single housing and movable relatively thereto to separately control separate passages communicating with different working chambers or with fluid operated valves controlling said chambers. | |
| 179 | Oscillating valve: | ||||
| This subclass is indented under subclass 178. Apparatus in which the valve member and housing are mounted
for relative rotary motion which is limited to not more than 360°.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||
| 180 | Rotary valve: | ||||||||
| This subclass is indented under subclass 178. Apparatus having a means to impart a continuous relative
rotation of the valve member and housing.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||||||
| 181 | Interconnected working members in communicating chamber portions: | ||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 170. Apparatus having a plurality of working members disposed
in the same chamber and urged in opposite directions by the working
fluid in the chamber, the working members being connected to a force
transmitting means or mechanism which constrains them to move relative
to each other.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| |||||
| 182 | Means connecting working members actuates common part controlling motive fluid for the members: | ||
| This subclass is indented under subclass 170. Apparatus having a single member driven by the transmission
or the like which connects the plural working members for relative
motion, said member actuating separate control valves for the working
fluid supplied to each working member.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||
| 183 | With means interconnecting working members to cause relative motion: | ||||||||
| This subclass is indented under subclass 170. Apparatus having a member, linkage, or transmission connected
to each of the working members and arranged to impart relative movement
to one working member when the other is moved or to constrain each
of the working members to move relatively in some predetermined
relation.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| |||||||||
| 184 | Working member covers port to control motive fluid: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 183. Apparatus in which the flow of motive fluid to or from a working chamber is interrupted by a surface of the working member overlapping an orifice in the working chamber wall. | |
| 185 | Motive fluid control by pitman swing or intermittent contact with working member: | ||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 183. Apparatus having valve means to control the motive fluid
flow to or from a working chamber, said valve means being actuated
by either (1) means connected to the valve means and disposed in
the path of a working member for intermittent contact therewith
or (2) by pivotal motion of a member pivoted to a working member
at one end and connected to a transmission at its other end.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| |||||
| 186 | Connection includes toothed gearing or rocking lever: | ||||
| This subclass is indented under subclass 183. Apparatus in which the member, linkage, or transmission
which connects plural working members for relative movement is formed,
at least in part, by either (1) gearing having intermeshing teeth
or cogs such as a rack and pinion or (2) by an elongated member
which is pivoted to oscillate about a transverse axis and is engaged
at points spaced from said axis by means connecting it to the working
members.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| |||||
| 187 | Means varies cyclic relation between working member and control valve therefor: | ||||||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 183. Apparatus having means actuated by a working member to control
the motive fluid for said working member, said means being adjustable to
vary the position of the working member at which control occurs.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||||||
| 188 | Motive fluid control actuator includes cam or crank rigid with means connecting working members: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 183. Apparatus in which the valve means to control flow of motive fluid to or from a working member is actuated by a cam, an eccentric or a part moving in a circular path and either (1) forming a portion of the means to connect plural working members for relative motion or (2) connected to said connecting means to move therewith as a unit. | |
| 189 | Position of one working member controls motive fluid for another: | ||||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 170. Apparatus in which motive fluid for one of said working
members is controlled in response to another working member attaining
a given position.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||||
| 190 | Changeable to plural self-controlled working members: | ||
| This subclass is indented under subclass 189. Apparatus having plural working members at least one of
which actuates control valve means for another working member and
in which means are provided to disassociate said control valve means
from said one working member and connect it for operation by the
working member which it controls to thereby provide plural self-controlled
working members.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||
| 191 | Each cyclically controls another (e.g., duplex, etc.): | ||||
| This subclass is indented under subclass 189. Apparatus in which each working member actuates a valve
means controlling another working member in successive fashion to
provide cyclic operation, e.g., "duplex" motor,
etc.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| |||||
| 192 | With three or more working members: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 191. Apparatus having at least three working members, at least two of which are controlled by valve means actuated by a different working member than the working member controlled thereby. | |
| 193 | Fluid operated valve controlled by relatively movable working member: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 191. Apparatus having a valve controlling motive fluid flow to or from at least one of plural working members, fluid operated means to move the valve, and means to control the supply of fluid to said valve moving means in response to the position of another relatively movable working member. | |
| 194 | Rotating output shaft type (e.g., locomotive or reversing means, etc.): | ||
This subclass is indented under subclass 191. Apparatus having a disclosure of a means to convert the
motion of the working members to a rotary output.
| |||
| 195 | With self-control: | ||||||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 191. Apparatus having valve means controlling only a first working
member, means to actuate the valve means by said first working member
and additional means to actuate said valve means by a different
working member.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||||||
| 196 | MOVING CYLINDER: | ||||||||||||||||
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus in which, incident to the operation of the motor,
the cylinder has an absolute movement.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| |||||||||||||||||
| 197 | Plural rigidly connected rotary cylinders: | ||||
| This subclass is indented under subclass 196. Apparatus comprising a plurality of working chambers formed
by rigidly connected cylinders mounted for continuous rotation in
a single direction about a fixed or movable axis.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||
| 206 | With integral exterior working face: | ||
| This subclass is indented under subclass 196. Apparatus in which a unitary cylinder has a first internal
working face actuated by motive fluid to urge the cylinder in one
direction of movement and has a second working face extending outwardly
or formed exteriorly thereof, said second face being a piston, the faces
forming portions of separate working chambers and being urged by
motive fluid in the same or different directions simultaneously or
at different times.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||
| 207 | Both faces urged in single direction: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 206. Apparatus in which the first and second working faces are so disposed on the cylinder that when motive fluid is applied thereto both surfaces urge the cylinder in the same direction. | |
| 208 | Fluid to exterior face controlled by motive fluid pressure: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 207. Apparatus comprising means for applying motive fluid to the first working face, and means responsive to a change of the pressure of the motive fluid being applied thereto to cause motive fluid to be applied to the second working face. | |
| 209 | Fluid to exterior face controlled by cylinder position: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 207. Apparatus comprising means for applying motive fluid to the first working face, and means responsive to the cylinder attaining a given position to cause motive fluid to be applied to the second working face. | |
| 210 | Oscillating cylinder: | ||||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 179. Apparatus in which the cylinder swings back and forth in
an arcuate path of not more than 360° about a fixed pivot,
incident to operation of the motor.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| |||||||
| 211 | Cooperating valve ports in cylinder and fixed member: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 210. Apparatus comprising a stationary member on which the cylinder moves during oscillation, the stationary member having ports therein through which motive fluid is conveyed, and the cylinder having ports aligning with the ports in the stationary member to valve the motive fluid. | |
| 212 | Ported end bearing: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 211. Apparatus in which the cylinder oscillates about an axis transverse to the longitudinal axis of the cylinder the ported stationary member being located at one end of the cylinder and forming means on which the cylinder rocks or slides. | |
| 213 | Ported trunnion: | ||
| This subclass is indented under subclass 211. Apparatus in which the cylinder has at least one laterally
extending trunnion forming a member by which the cylinder is pivoted,
a bearing member supporting the trunnion, and fluid ports in the
trunnion cooperating with fluid ports in the bearing member to valve
the motor.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||
| 214 | Ported arcuate slide face on which cylinder moves: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 211. Apparatus in which the stationary member has an arcuate surface, an arcuate surface on the cylinder engaging therewith, fluid ports in the surfaces, the oscilation of the cylinder causing relative sliding motion between the two surfaces to align the ports and valve the motive fluid. | |
| 215 | Cylinder carried valve operated by fixed actuator: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 210. Apparatus comprising a valve that oscillates with the cylinder and in addition has sliding movement relative thereto, a stationary member to which the valve is connected, the sliding movement of the valve being caused by the oscillation of the cylinder relative to the stationary member. | |
| 216 | Cylinder and piston have relative reciprocation on fixed axis: | ||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 196. Apparatus in which the cylinder has a piston therein, the
cylinder having absolute movement back and forth in a fixed straight
line.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||
| 217 | Reciprocating piston and cylinder: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 216. Apparatus in which the piston partakes of absolute back and forth movement in a fixed straight line. | |
| 218 | CYCLICALLY OPERABLE: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus in which the motor has a cycle of operation in
which the working member moves in one direction, reverses its direction
of movement and returns to the original position, so as to be in
condition to repeat the operation, and in which a distributor or
other means, operated as a consequence of motor working member movement
or cyclic change of pressure in a working chamber, is provided to
control the flow of motive fluid so as to cause the motor, when
started, to continuously repeat the cycle of operation.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 219 | With dwell: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 218. Apparatus having (1) means to bring the working member of the motor to a complete stop by controlling the motive fluid or to sense that the working member has stopped, (2) means to maintain said member stopped for a given period of time and (3) means to again cause the working member to move by controlling the motive fluid after expiration of said period of time. | |
| 220 | With condition responsive stop means: | ||
| This subclass is indented under subclass 218. Apparatus including means to halt operation of the motor
said means being responsive to a condition of operation of the motor
or of the motive fluid.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||
| 221 | Speed: | ||||
| This subclass is indented under subclass 220. Apparatus in which the condition sensed to stop the motor
is the speed of operation of the motor or the failure of a driving
connection between the motor and a speed regulating governor.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| |||||
| 222 | Distributor in piston (422): | ||||||||
| This subclass is indented under subclass 218. Apparatus in which a passage is provided entirely within
the piston or piston rod for inlet or exhaust of motive fluid and
a distributor movable relative to both the piston and cylinder is
carried by the piston or piston rod and controls said passage.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| |||||||||
| 223 | Oscillating piston (e.g., vane, etc.): | ||
This subclass is indented under subclass 222. Apparatus in which the piston moves back and forth about
an axis to describe an arc of not more than 360°.
| |||
| 224 | Distributor establishes communication between opposite faces of piston: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 222. Apparatus in which the distributor controls a passage in the piston which is adapted to convey fluid through a working face of the piston to a face which is axially opposed. | |
| 225 | Piston traverses pilot port to control distributor motor motive fluid: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 222. Apparatus in which the distributor in the piston is operated by a fluid motor, and a port is provided in the working chamber side wall to convey inlet or exhaust for the distributor motor, the position of the piston controlling said port so as to control supply or exhaust for the distributor motor. | |
| 226 | Communication into piston through peripheral port: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 222. Apparatus in which the inlet or exhaust of motive fluid is through a port in the side wall of the working chamber which communicates with the distributor controlled passage which opens through the side of the piston. | |
| 227 | Port controlled by piston position: | ||
| This subclass is indented under subclass 226. Apparatus in which communication between the port in the
working chamber and the passage in the piston is established and
broken by relative reciprocation of the two members.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||
| 228 | Piston carries separate inlet and exhaust valves: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 222. Apparatus in which the piston is provided with relatively movable valves which control inlet and exhaust passages to and from a working chamber. | |
| 229 | Distributor operated by abutment with cylinder head: | ||
| This subclass is indented under subclass 222. Apparatus in which the distributor is cyclically moved by
a part thereof contacting the cylinder head in the working chamber.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||
| 230 | Codirectional separately supplied working members: | ||
This subclass is indented under subclass 218. Apparatus in which plural working members acting in the
same direction are provided with a separately controlled supply
of motive fluid, said working members being (1) relatively movable
or (2) connected to move together as a unit under all conditions
of operation and which have different faces forming moving walls
of different working chambers which are not in fluid communication
during at least some part of a cycle of operation of the apparatus.
| |||
| 231 | One working member supply is distributor controlled: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 230. Apparatus in which one of the plural working members acting in the same direction is controlled by a distributor. | |
| 232 | Valveless distribution: | ||||
| This subclass is indented under subclass 218. Apparatus in which closing and opening of fluid flow paths
for cyclically admitting and exhausting motive fluid to and from
an expansible chamber of the motor are accomplished by movement
of the motor working member to and from positions in which it obstructs
fluid flow through said flow paths, said flow paths not being further
controlled by a cyclically operated valve.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| |||||
| 233 | Distribution by reciprocating working member moving about an axis: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 232. Apparatus in which the motor is of the reciprocating type and means are provided to rotate or oscillate the working member about its own axis incident to reciprocation, the opening and closing of fluid flow paths being accomplished as a result of movement of the working member about its axis. | |
| 234 | Working member formed to provide internal fluid flow passage: | ||
| This subclass is indented under subclass 232. Apparatus in which a fluid flow path for cyclically admitting
or exhausting motive fluid to or from an expansible chamber of the
motor includes a fluid flow passage formed, at least in part, by
a passage entirely within the motor working member.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||
| 235 | Working chamber receives controlled motive fluid supply from opposed chamber having constant supply (321) (417): | ||||||
| This subclass is indented under subclass 218. Apparatus in which the motor is provided with a first working
chamber which is constantly supplied with motive fluid, and a second
working chamber acting in a direction opposite to the first working
chamber, said second working chamber being supplied with distributor controlled
motive fluid which is taken from the first working chamber.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||||
| 236 | Multiple exhaust passages (e.g., compression control, etc.): | ||||||||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 218. Apparatus in which there are provided a plurality of controlled,
i.e., valved or working member position controlled, exhaust flow
paths from a working chamber, i.e., exhausting, one of said flow
paths constituting a second exhaust passage which provides for exhaust flow
or continuation of exhaust flow after another of said flow paths
has been closed, or provides a flow path, separate and distinct
from another of said flow paths, for the removal of condensate from
the expansible chamber in synchronism with movement of the working member
of the motor.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||||||||
| 237 | Exhaust valve has separate valve controlled second exhaust passage therein: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 236. Apparatus comprising a valve member which moves to cyclically control a first exhaust passage, said movable valve member having a second exhaust passage therein, and relatively movable means to open and close said second exhaust passage during different phases of the cycle of operation of the motor or under different conditions of operation of the motor. | |
| 238 | Pressure controlled second passage: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 237. Apparatus in which the relatively movable means which controls the second exhaust passage is moved to cause such control by pressure of fluid within the expansible chamber. | |
| 239 | Distributor for inlet or first exhaust controls second exhaust passage: | ||
This subclass is indented under subclass 236. Apparatus in which a distributor is moved to cyclically
control inlet of fluid to an expansible chamber, or to control exhaust
of fluid from the expansible chamber through a first exhaust passage,
and said distributor, or means rigidly attached thereto, directly
controls the second exhaust passage.
| |||
| 240 | Fluid pressure actuated valve for second exhaust passage: | ||
| This subclass is indented under subclass 236. Apparatus in which the second exhaust passage is provided
with a valve which is moved to open or close said passage by fluid
pressure acting on the valve or on its actuator.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||
| 241 | Compression actuated discharge to motive fluid supply: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 240. Apparatus in which the second exhaust passage is connected to the motive fluid supply, and the valve which controls said second passage is biased to closed position by fluid supply pressure; said valve being opened by compression pressure within the working chamber which exceeds the supply pressure, to permit motive fluid to pass from the expansible chamber to the fluid supply. | |
| 242 | Exhaust pressure controlled: | ||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 240. Apparatus in which the valve is moved by pressure within
or from the contracting chamber.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||
| 243 | Working member controlled exhaust port with valved second exhaust passage: | ||
| This subclass is indented under subclass 236. Apparatus in which exhaust of motive fluid through an exhaust
flow path is controlled by the motor working member uncovering an exhaust
port, and exhaust of motive fluid through a second exhaust flow
path is controlled by a valve operating in synchronism with motor
operation.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||
| 244 | Controlled by separate relatively movable valves: | ||||||
| This subclass is indented under subclass 236. Apparatus in which a plurality of exhaust flow paths are
each controlled by a different valve, said valves being movable
to cyclically control fluid flow through the different flow paths,
and also being relatively movable.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||||
| 245 | Clearance control: | ||||||
| This subclass is indented under subclass 218. Apparatus which includes means by which the volume of the
working chamber, when the working member has reached the end of
its stroke in the direction which contracts said chamber may be
varied without altering the length of stroke of the working member.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| |||||||
| 246 | Correlated throttle valve and distributor: | ||
This subclass is indented under subclass 218. Apparatus in which a throttle valve and distributor are
in series in a fluid flow path, the throttle valve controlling fluid
flow to or from the motor, and in which the operating means for the
throttle valve and distributor are so related that (1) the throttle
valve is moved to vary the flow and the distributor is adjusted
to vary the cycle of motive fluid distribution with respect to the
working member movement cycle, in response to the same motor condition,
e.g., speed, etc., or to the same operation of a common control
means, or (2) either the throttle valve, or distributor, is adjusted
to vary the flow of motive fluid, or the cycle of motive fluid distribution
with respect to the working member movement cycle, respectively,
in response to the change of a condition, e.g., pressure, etc.,
resulting from the adjustment of the distributor or throttle valve
respectively.
| |||
| 247 | Timing control by relative adjustment of plural movable fluid control elements: | ||||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 218. Apparatus in which an expansible chamber is provided with
a distributor having (1) a plurality of fluid control elements each
of which move to cyclically control the flow of motive fluid and
which, in addition to such control movement, are relatively adjustable
so as to vary the time of occurrence of a fluid control event with
respect to the movement cycle of the motor working member, and with
respect to the occurrence of another fluid control event, or (2)
a relatively fixed, but adjustable, fluid control element which
cooperates with a moving fluid control element to cyclically produce one
or more but not all of the fluid control events, and is adjusted
so as to vary the time of occurrence of a fluid control event produced
by the cooperation of the relatively fixed and moving fluid control
elements, with respect to the movement cycle of the motor working member
and with respect to the occurrence of another fluid control event.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||||
| 248 | Electrical adjustment: | ||||||
| This subclass is indented under subclass 247. Apparatus in which electrically operated means are provided
to move or control the movement of a fluid control element, and
adjustable electrical control means are provided to vary the operation
of the electrically operated means so as to vary the timing of a
fluid control event.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||||
| 249 | With relative adjustment of plural adjustable fluid control elements: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 247. Apparatus in which there are provided plural fluid control elements which are separately adjustable relative to the movement cycle of the motor so as to control the time of occurrence of one of a plurality of adjustable events with respect to the time of occurrence of another of a plurality of adjustable events. | |
| 250 | Adjustable inlet and exhaust events: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 249. Apparatus in which the adjusting means provides for adjusting the time of occurrence of the starting or stopping of fluid flow to the working chamber and the starting or stopping of fluid flow from the working chamber. | |
| 251 | With adjustable release and compression events: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 250. Apparatus in which the adjusting means provides for adjustment of the time of occurrence of the starting and stopping of fluid flow to the motor working chamber, and the starting and stopping of fluid flow from the motor working chamber with respect to the motor working member movement cycle. | |
| 252 | Cut off adjustable relative to admission: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 247. Apparatus in which the adjusting means provides for adjusting a fluid control element with respect to another fluid control element so as to vary the time of stopping of fluid flow to the motor working chamber, with respect to the working member movement cycle and with respect to the starting of flow to the motor working chamber. | |
| 253 | Inlet controlled by relatively cyclically moved elements: | ||
| This subclass is indented under subclass 252. Apparatus in which cyclic starting and stopping of motive
fluid flow to the working chamber is controlled by valve means having
a plurality of relatively cyclically moved fluid flow control elements,
and in which means are provided to adjust a fluid flow control element which
controls the stopping of fluid flow so as to vary the time of occurrence
of the cut off event with respect to the working member movement
cycle and with respect to the occurrence of the admission event.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||
| 254 | Biased cut off with adjustable trip: | ||||||
| This subclass is indented under subclass 253. Apparatus in which the means to adjust the control element
for stopping fluid flow include means to move or hold said element
from its fluid flow stopping position against a biasing force tending
to move it to said fluid flow stopping position and adjustable means
to release said moving or holding means to allow said biasing force
to move said element to its fluid flow stopping position so as to
vary the time of occurrence of the cut-off event.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||||
| 255 | Adjustable fluid control for fluid actuated cut off: | ||||
| This subclass is indented under subclass 253. Apparatus in which the means to adjust the control element
for stopping motive fluid flow includes means cyclically moved by
an actuating fluid to move the control element to or from its flow
stopping position and adjustable means to control the actuating
fluid flow so as to vary the time of occurrence of the cut-off event.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||
| 256 | Cut off adjustable relative to reciprocating admission element: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 253. Apparatus in which the means to adjust the control element for stopping fluid flow includes means to move, or to vary the movement of the control element with respect to a reciprocating admission control element so as to vary the time of occurrence of the cut-off event. | |
| 257 | Oscillating admission element: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 256. Apparatus in which the admission control element moves back and forth about an axis. | |
| 258 | Arcuate adjustment of cut off: | ||
| This subclass is indented under subclass 256. Apparatus in which the means to adjust the control element
for stopping fluid flow includes means to move or vary the movement of
said control element in a arcuate path.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||
| 259 | Cut off adjustable codirectional with admission element movement: | ||
| This subclass is indented under subclass 256. Apparatus in which the means to adjust the control element
for stopping fluid flow includes means to move or vary the movement of
said control element in a direction parallel to or in alignment
with the linear direction of movement of an admission control element.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||
| 260 | Biased inlet valve with adjustable tripping means: | ||||||
| This subclass is indented under subclass 252. Apparatus in which a releasable drive means, or a releasable
latch, is provided to cyclically open or hold open, respectively,
the inlet valve against a biasing force tending to move said valve
to a closed position, and in which adjustable means are provided
to release said drive means or said latch to allow the biasing force to
close said valve, so as to vary the time of closing of the inlet
valve means with respect to the motor movement cycle.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||||
| 261 | Inlet valve movable about an axis: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 260. Apparatus in which the inlet valve is moved about an axis by said driving means and said biasing force to open and close the inlet fluid flow path. | |
| 262 | Adjustable cam or cam follower actuated inlet valve: | ||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 252. Apparatus in which the inlet valve is cyclically moved,
to control the flow of motive fluid to the working chamber, by cam
means, and means are provided to adjust the cam means, or a valve
driving member moved by the cam means, so as to vary the time of
closing of the inlet valve.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||
| 263 | Adjustable fluid control for fluid actuated inlet valve: | ||||||||||
| This subclass is indented under subclass 252. Apparatus in which the inlet valve is cyclically moved to
control the flow of motive fluid to the working chamber by working
member controlled actuating fluid, and means are provided to adjust
the control of the inlet valve actuating fluid so as to vary the
time of closing of the inlet valve.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||||||||
| 264 | Relatively movable serial distributors: | ||||
| This subclass is indented under subclass 218. Apparatus including at least two distributors through which
the motive fluid must pass serially in the course of flowing either
to the working chamber or exhausting from the working chamber, each
distributor having a cyclically moved flow controlling element so
arranged that the control of motive fluid by the distributors is
effected by the movement of one distributor relative to the movable
element of another distributor.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||
| 265 | Relatively movable inlet and exhaust valves: | ||||||||||||
| This subclass is indented under subclass 218. Apparatus in which the distributor comprises movable inlet
and exhaust valve means for controlling motive fluid flow to and
from an expansible chamber, said valve means cyclically moving relative
to one another as a consequence of operation of the motor.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||||||||||
| 266 | Oscillating working member: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 265. Apparatus in which the working member moves back and forth about an axis to describe an arc of not more than 360°. | |
| 267 | Lost motion drive from inlet to exhaust valve: | ||
| This subclass is indented under subclass 265. Apparatus in which the inlet and exhaust valve means move
in a back and forth motion to cyclically open and close, respectively,
the inlet and exhaust flow paths, the exhaust valve means being
moved by the inlet valve means during a portion of the movement
of the inlet valve means, and having a lost motion connection therewith,
to provide a delay in the opening and/or closing of the
exhaust flow path with respect to closing and/or opening
movement of the inlet valve means.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||
| 268 | Exhaust valve closed or held closed by inlet fluid (442): | ||
| This subclass is indented under subclass 265. Apparatus in which cyclic admission of motive fluid is provided
by operation of the inlet valve means and exhaust is provided by
opening of an exhaust valve which is cyclically moved to or held
in its closed position by pressure or flow of the motive fluid cyclically
admitted by the inlet valve means.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||
| 269 | Biased valve with trip: | ||||
| This subclass is indented under subclass 265. Apparatus in which a releasable drive means is provided
to cyclically open the inlet and/or exhaust valve means
against a resisting force, and means are provided to release said
drive means to allow said force to close the valve means.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||
| 270 | Inlet and exhaust valve movable about an axis: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 265. Apparatus in which the inlet and exhaust valve means are each movable about an axis to cyclically control inlet and exhaust flow of motive fluid to and from a motor working chamber. | |
| 271 | Reciprocating inlet and exhaust valves: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 265. Apparatus in which the inlet and exhaust valve means each moves in a back and forth motion to cyclically control inlet and exhaust of motive fluid to and from a motor working chamber. | |
| 272 | Codirectional with working member movement: | ||
| This subclass is indented under subclass 271. Apparatus in which the path of reciprocating movement of
both the inlet and exhaust valve means is in alignment with or parallel
to the path of movement of the motor working member.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||
| 273 | Axially seating valves: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 272. Apparatus in which the inlet and exhaust valve means are of the type in which a valve member moves perpendicularly to or from its seat to close or open the fluid flow path. | |
| 274 | With independent throttle adjustment for one side of double-acting motor: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 218. Apparatus in which the motor is operated by motive fluid pressure applied to opposing faces of a working member, and in which means are provided to controllably vary the fluid handling capacity of either an inlet or exhaust passage to or from one of the working faces, without affecting the fluid handling capacity of the corresponding passage to or from the opposite working face. | |
| 275 | Electrically or magnetically actuated or adjusted distributor (459): | ||||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 218. Apparatus in which the distributor or distributor actuating
means includes an element which is operated by an electric current
or a magnetic field.
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| 276 | Distributor forms traversed movable portion of working chamber wall (423): | ||||||
| This subclass is indented under subclass 218. Apparatus in which the distributor comprises a movable fluid
control element which is arranged so as to completely encompass
the working member in a plane transverse to the reciprocatory path
of said working member, the working member reciprocating relative
to the fluid control element, and the fluid control element forming
a portion of the working chamber wall.
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| 277 | Adjustable working member reversal position (e.g., stroke control, etc.): | ||||||
| This subclass is indented under subclass 218. Apparatus in which the distributor or distributor actuating
means includes selectively operable means to adjustably cause the
working member to reverse at two different extents of movement in
one direction.
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| |||||||
| 278 | Selective diverse supply or exhaust paths for distributor motor: | ||
| This subclass is indented under subclass 277. Apparatus in which diverse flow paths are provided for supply
or exhaust to or from a distributor motor working chamber, and the selectively
operable means determines the path of flow to adjustably control
the point of reversal of the output motor working member.
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| 279 | Adjustable lost motion connection: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 277. Apparatus in which the selectively operable means comprises a lost motion connection between the working member and the distributor, the amount of lost motion being adjustable. | |
| 280 | Pulsator-actuated distributor (460): | ||
| This subclass is indented under subclass 218. Apparatus in which the distributor is cyclically actuated
by a substantially constant mass of fluid forming a fluid link between
a valve actuating surface and an actuated surface.
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| |||
| 281 | Working member controlled motive fluid for distributor motor: | ||||||||||||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 218. Apparatus in which the working member position controls
or varies the supply or exhaust of motive fluid for a motor which
cyclically moves the distributor.
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| 282 | Fluid supply through diverse paths to distributor motor chamber: | ||
| This subclass is indented under subclass 281. Apparatus in which the distributor motor working chamber
is provided with inlet motive fluid which is supplied from different
sources at different times or flows through supply paths that are
different at the will of the operator or under different operating
conditions so as to supply force to act on the same face of the
working member at different times.
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| 283 | Path controlled by independently operable means: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 282. Apparatus in which a manually operable means is provided to separately control one of the sources or paths. | |
| 284 | Independent means to adjust distributor motor supply or exhaust passage: | ||||
| This subclass is indented under subclass 281. Apparatus in which a manually operable means is provided
to selectively vary the flow carrying capacity of a passage which
supplies fluid to or exhausts fluid from a fluid operated distributor
motor.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||
| 285 | Separately adjusts one chamber of double-acting distributor motor: | ||
| This subclass is indented under subclass 284. Apparatus in which the means varies the supply or exhaust
passage for one chamber of a double acting distributor motor without
affecting the supply or exhaust for the opposed chamber.
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| |||
| 286 | Distributor or distributor motor mechanically moved cyclically to control actuating fluid for distributor motor: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 281. Apparatus in which a mechanical linkage or transmission connected to or engaged by the output motor working member moves the distributor motor working member, such movement controlling a port supplying fluid to or exhausting fluid from the distributor motor working chamber to cause an additional fluid powered movement of the distributor motor working member. | |
| 287 | Movement of relatively movable pilot mechanically moves distributor: | ||
This subclass is indented under subclass 286. Apparatus in which the movement of the distributor motor
working member which is caused mechanically moves a relatively movable
valve means which controls the distributor motor supply or exhaust
port.
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| 288 | Distributor motor mechanically moved about axis: | ||
This subclass is indented under subclass 286. Apparatus in which the mechanically caused movement of the
distributor is about an axis, followed by a fluid actuated movement
which may or may not be the same type as the mechanically caused
movement.
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| 289 | Adjustable means to retard or lock distributor motor: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 281. Apparatus in which a manually operable means is provided to (1) adjust a means such as a brake or dash pot to control rate of movement of the distributor working member or (2) hold the distributor motor in a predetermined position. | |
| 290 | Working member traverses pilot port in working chamber side wall: | ||
This subclass is indented under subclass 281. Apparatus in which a passage is provided to convey motive
fluid to or convey exhaust fluid from a distributor motor working
chamber, said passage receiving motive fluid from the output motor
working chamber or receiving exhaust fluid from the distributor
motor working chamber and being connected to a port in the output
motor working chamber wall which is controlled by the reciprocatory
motion of the output motor working member.
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| 291 | Port controls separate motor for intermediate pilot valve: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 290. Apparatus in which the port in the output motor working chamber controls a pilot valve motor which further controls the motor operating the distributor for the output motor. | |
| 292 | Distributor controls passage from port: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 291. Apparatus in which the distributor or distributor working member further controls the passage leading from the output motor working chamber to the pilot valve motor. | |
| 293 | With passage from port controlled by pilot valve: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 290. Apparatus in which a cyclically operated valve controls the passage from the output motor working chamber to the distributor motor working chamber. | |
| 294 | Pilot valve operated by separately controlled fluid motor: | ||
This subclass is indented under subclass 293. Apparatus in which the cyclically operated valve is operated
by a fluid motor the fluid supply or exhaust of which is controlled
separately from the distributor motor supply.
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| 295 | Plural ports control relatively movable distributor motors: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 290. Apparatus in which the output motor working member controls separate ports in the working chamber wall, said ports conveying fluid in such a manner as to cause relative movement of plural distributor motors. | |
| 296 | Constantly open exhaust from distributor working chamber: | ||
| This subclass is indented under subclass 290. Apparatus in which the distributor motor working chamber
is constantly connected to exhaust, said exhaust being throttled
with relation to controlled supply through the working member controlled
port to cause distributor cyclic operation.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||
| 297 | With passage for pilot fluid in working member: | ||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 290. Apparatus in which the output motor working member is provided
with a passage to convey fluid to or from the distributor motor
working chamber.
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| 298 | Working member passage supplies distributor motive fluid: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 297. Appar |